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Chloromycetin, also known as chloramphenicol, is an antibiotic originally isolated from Streptomyces venezuelae. It functions by inhibiting protein synthesis in bacteria, specifically targeting the 50S ribosomal subunit, which prevents peptide bond formation. Structurally, chloramycetin is characterized by a nitrobenzene moiety and a dichloroacetyl group, contributing to its broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. It is synthesized chemically due to its complex structure, which includes both hydrophilic and hydrophobic components. Chloromycetin is primarily used to treat serious infections like typhoid fever and bacterial meningitis, although its use is limited due to potential side effects such as aplastic anemia. The antibiotic is unstable in high salt concentrations but remains intact in low counter ion solvents, with sedimentation coefficients of 18S and 25S observed in ribonucleoprotein particles. Its development marked a significant advancement in antibiotic therapy during the mid-20th century.
仅用于科研。不用于诊断过程。未经明确授权不得转售。