The mitochondrial death/life regulator in apoptosis and necrosis.
AuthorsKroemer G,Dallaporta B,Resche-Rigon M
JournalAnnual review of physiology
PubMed ID9558479
Both physiological cell death (apoptosis) and, in some cases, accidental cell death (necrosis) involve a two-step process. At a first level, numerous physiological and some pathological stimuli trigger an increase in mitochondrial membrane permeability. The mitochondria release apoptogenic factors through the outer membrane and dissipate the electrochemical gradient of the ... More
Control of mitochondrial structure and function by the Yorkie/YAP oncogenic pathway.
AuthorsNagaraj R, Gururaja-Rao S, Jones KT, Slattery M, Negre N, Braas D, Christofk H, White KP, Mann R, Banerjee U,
JournalGenes Dev
PubMed ID22925885
Mitochondrial structure and function are highly dynamic, but the potential roles for cell signaling pathways in influencing these properties are not fully understood. Reduced mitochondrial function has been shown to cause cell cycle arrest, and a direct role of signaling pathways in controlling mitochondrial function during development and disease is ... More
Cytoplasmic sequestration of HDAC7 from mitochondrial and nuclear compartments upon initiation of apoptosis.
AuthorsBakin RE, Jung MO
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID15364908
'Control of global histone acetylation status is largely governed by the opposing enzymatic activities of histone acetyltransferases and deacetylases (HDACs). HDACs were originally identified as modulators of nuclear histone acetylation status and have been linked to chromosomal condensation and subsequent gene repression. Accumulating evidence highlights HDAC modification of non-histone targets. ... More
The inflammatory mediator leukotriene D4 induces beta-catenin signaling and its association with antiapoptotic Bcl-2 in intestinal epithelial cells.
AuthorsMezhybovska M, Wikström K, Ohd JF, Sjölander A
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID16407243
'Increased levels of the inflammatory mediator leukotriene D4 (LTD4) are present at sites of inflammatory bowel disease, and such areas also exhibit an increased risk for subsequent cancer development. It is known that LTD4 affects the expression of many proteins that influence survival and proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells. We ... More
Mechanisms controlling mitochondrial biogenesis and respiration through the thermogenic coactivator PGC-1.
'Mitochondrial number and function are altered in response to external stimuli in eukaryotes. While several transcription/replication factors directly regulate mitochondrial genes, the coordination of these factors into a program responsive to the environment is not understood. We show here that PGC-1, a cold-inducible coactivator of nuclear receptors, stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis ... More
Nitric oxide induces tyrosine nitration and release of cytochrome c preceding an increase of mitochondrial transmembrane potential in macrophages.
AuthorsHortelano S, Alvarez AM, Boscá L
JournalFASEB J
PubMed ID10593878
'Treatment of elicited peritoneal macrophages or the macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 with high concentrations of nitric oxide donors is followed by apoptotic cell death. Analysis of the changes in the mitochondrial transmembrane potential (DeltaPsi(m)) with specific fluorescent probes showed a rapid and persistent increase of DeltaPsi(m), a potential that ... More
Visualization of the intracellular behavior of HIV in living cells.
'To track the behavior of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 in the cytoplasm of infected cells, we have tagged virions by incorporation of HIV Vpr fused to the GFP. Observation of the GFP-labeled particles in living cells revealed that they moved in curvilinear paths in the cytoplasm and accumulated in the ... More
Candida albicans phospholipomannan promotes survival of phagocytosed yeasts through modulation of bad phosphorylation and macrophage apoptosis.
AuthorsIbata-Ombetta S, Idziorek T, Trinel PA, Poulain D, Jouault T
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID12551950
'The surface of the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans is coated with phospholipomannan (PLM), a phylogenetically unique glycolipid composed of beta-1,2-oligomannosides and phytoceramide. This study compared the specific contribution of PLM to the modulation of signaling pathways linked to the survival of C. albicans in macrophages in contrast to Saccharomyces cerevisiae. ... More
Bax and Bak coalesce into novel mitochondria-associated clusters during apoptosis.
AuthorsNechushtan A, Smith CL, Lamensdorf I, Yoon SH, Youle RJ
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID11402069
'Bax is a member of the Bcl-2 family of proteins known to regulate mitochondria-dependent programmed cell death. Early in apoptosis, Bax translocates from the cytosol to the mitochondrial membrane. We have identified by confocal and electron microscopy a novel step in the Bax proapoptotic mechanism immediately subsequent to mitochondrial translocation. ... More
The apoptotic regulatory protein ARC (apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain) prevents oxidant stress-mediated cell death by preserving mitochondrial function.
Authors Neuss M; Monticone R; Lundberg M S; Chesley A T; Fleck E; Crow M T;
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID11438535
'ARC is an apoptotic regulatory protein expressed almost exclusively in myogenic cells. It contains a caspase recruitment domain (CARD) through which it has been shown to block the activation of some initiator caspases. Because ARC also blocks caspase-independent events associated with apoptosis, such as hypoxia-induced cytochrome c release, we examined ... More
Mitochondrial nucleoids maintain genetic autonomy but allow for functional complementation.
AuthorsGilkerson RW, Schon EA, Hernandez E, Davidson MM,
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID18573913
'Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is packaged into DNA-protein assemblies called nucleoids, but the mode of mtDNA propagation via the nucleoid remains controversial. Two mechanisms have been proposed: nucleoids may consistently maintain their mtDNA content faithfully, or nucleoids may exchange mtDNAs dynamically. To test these models directly, two cell lines were fused, ... More
TLR9 signals after translocating from the ER to CpG DNA in the lysosome.
AuthorsLatz E, Schoenemeyer A, Visintin A, Fitzgerald KA, Monks BG, Knetter CF, Lien E, Nilsen NJ, Espevik T, Golenbock DT
JournalNat Immunol
PubMed ID14716310
'Microbial DNA sequences containing unmethylated CpG dinucleotides activate Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9). We have found that TLR9 is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages. Because there is no precedent for immune receptor signaling in the ER, we investigated how TLR9 is activated. We show ... More
Microtubule-associated movement of mitochondria and small particles in Acanthamoeba castellanii.
AuthorsBaumann O, Murphy DB
JournalCell Motil Cytoskeleton
PubMed ID8608609
'Using video-enhanced differential interference microscopy and digital image processing, we have observed organelle motility in Acanthamoeba castellanii. In amoebae taken from cultures in rapid growth phase, mitochondria and small particles moved over distances of several microns and at an average velocity of approximately 2 microns/s. Mitochondrial motility was verified by ... More
Bcl-G, a novel pro-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family.
AuthorsGuo B, Godzik A, Reed JC
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID11054413
'A new member of the Bcl-2 family was identified, Bcl-G. The human BCL-G gene consists of 6 exons, resides on chromosome 12p12, and encodes two proteins through alternative mRNA splicing, Bcl-G(L) (long) and Bcl-G(S) (short) consisting of 327 and 252 amino acids in length, respectively. Bcl-G(L) and Bcl-G(S) have identical ... More
Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of catalase in the cytosolic or mitochondrial compartment protects against cytochrome P450 2E1-dependent toxicity in HepG2 cells.
AuthorsBai J, Cederbaum AI
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID11071897
'Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) is an effective producer of reactive oxygen species such as superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide, which may contribute to the development of alcohol liver disease or cytotoxicity. To investigate the protective role of catalase against CYP2E1-dependent cytotoxicity, E47 cells, a transfected HepG2 cell line overexpressing CYP2E1, ... More
Anandamide activates vanilloid receptor 1 (VR1) at acidic pH in dorsal root ganglia neurons and cells ectopically expressing VR1.
AuthorsOlah Z, Karai L, Iadarola MJ
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID11333266
'The vanilloid receptor type 1 (VR1) is a heat-activated ionophore preferentially expressed in nociceptive neurons of trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia (DRG). VR1, which binds and is activated by capsaicin and other vanilloid compounds, was noted to interact with the endocannabinoid anandamide (ANA) and certain inflammatory metabolites of arachidonic acid ... More
Effect of N-terminal alpha-helix formation on the dimerization and intracellular targeting of alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase.
AuthorsLumb MJ, Drake AF, Danpure CJ
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID10400689
'The unparalleled peroxisome-to-mitochondrion mistargeting of alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGT) in the hereditary disease primary hyperoxaluria type 1 is caused by the combined presence of a common Pro11 --> Leu polymorphism and a disease-specific Gly170 --> Arg mutation. The Pro11 --> Leu replacement generates a functionally weak N-terminal mitochondrial targeting sequence (MTS), ... More
The 2-5A/RNase L/RNase L inhibitor (RLI) [correction of (RNI)] pathway regulates mitochondrial mRNAs stability in interferon alpha-treated H9 cells.
AuthorsLe Roy F, Bisbal C, Silhol M, Martinand C, Lebleu B, Salehzada T
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID11585831
'Interferon alpha (IFNalpha) belongs to a cytokine family that exhibits antiviral properties, immuno-modulating effects, and antiproliferative activity on normal and neoplasic cells in vitro and in vivo. IFNalpha exerts antitumor action by inducing direct cytotoxicity against tumor cells. This toxicity is at least partly due to induction of apoptosis. Although ... More
Bcl-xL blocks transforming growth factor-beta 1-induced apoptosis by inhibiting cytochrome c release and not by directly antagonizing Apaf-1-dependent caspase activation in prostate epithelial cells.
AuthorsChipuk JE, Bhat M, Hsing AY, Ma J, Danielpour D
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID11320089
'The mechanism by which transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) induces apoptosis of prostate epithelial cells was studied in the NRP-154 rat prostate epithelial cell line. TGF-beta 1 down-regulates expression of Bcl-xL and poly(ADP-ribosyl)polymerase (PARP), promotes cytochrome c release, up-regulates expression of latent caspase-3, and activates caspases 3 and 9. We tested ... More
Mitochondria localization and dimerization are required for CIDE-B to induce apoptosis.
AuthorsChen Z, Guo K, Toh SY, Zhou Z, Li P
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID10837461
'Cell death-inducing DFF45-like effector (CIDE)-B is a member of the novel family of apoptosis-inducing factors that share homology with the N-terminal region of DFF, the DNA fragmentation factor. The molecular mechanism of CIDE-B-induced apoptosis is unclear. We have shown here that CIDE-B protein is localized in mitochondria and forms homodimers ... More
Aggresomes resemble sites specialized for virus assembly.
AuthorsHeath CM, Windsor M, Wileman T
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID11331297
'The large cytoplasmic DNA viruses such as poxviruses, iridoviruses, and African swine fever virus (ASFV) assemble in discrete perinuclear foci called viral factories. Factories exclude host proteins, suggesting that they are novel subcellular structures induced by viruses. Novel perinuclear structures, called aggresomes are also formed by cells in response to ... More
Methods for assessing autophagy and autophagic cell death.
AuthorsTasdemir E, Galluzzi L, Maiuri MC, Criollo A, Vitale I, Hangen E, Modjtahedi N, Kroemer G,
JournalMethods Mol Biol
PubMed ID18425442
'Autophagic (or type 2) cell death is characterized by the massive accumulation of autophagic vacuoles (autophagosomes) in the cytoplasm of cells that lack signs of apoptosis (type 1 cell death). Here we detail and critically assess a series of methods to promote and inhibit autophagy via pharmacological and genetic manipulations. ... More
Resolution doubling in live, multicellular organisms via multifocal structured illumination microscopy.
AuthorsYork AG, Parekh SH, Dalle Nogare D, Fischer RS, Temprine K, Mione M, Chitnis AB, Combs CA, Shroff H,
JournalNat Methods
PubMed ID22581372
'We demonstrate three-dimensional (3D) super-resolution in live multicellular organisms using structured illumination microscopy (SIM). Sparse multifocal illumination patterns generated by a digital micromirror device (DMD) allowed us to physically reject out-of-focus light, enabling 3D subdiffractive imaging in samples eightfold thicker than had been previously imaged with SIM. We imaged samples ... More
Systematic characterization of nuclear proteome during apoptosis: a quantitative proteomic study by differential extraction and stable isotope labeling.
AuthorsHwang SI, Lundgren DH, Mayya V, Rezaul K, Cowan AE, Eng JK, Han DK
JournalMol Cell Proteomics
PubMed ID16540461
'Identification and characterization of the nuclear proteome is important for detailed understanding of multiple signaling events in eukaryotic cells. Toward this goal, we extensively characterized the nuclear proteome of human T leukemia cells by sequential extraction of nuclear proteins with different physicochemical properties using three buffer conditions. This large scale ... More
Cytochrome c-mediated apoptosis in cells lacking mitochondrial DNA. Signaling pathway involving release and caspase 3 activation is conserved.
AuthorsJiang S, Cai J, Wallace DC, Jones DP
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID10514472
'Mitochondria serve as a pivotal component of the apoptotic cell death machinery. However, cells that lack mitochondrial DNA (rho(0) cells) retain apparently normal apoptotic signaling. In the present study, we examined mitochondrial mechanisms of apoptosis in rho(0) osteosarcoma cells treated with staurosporine. Immunohistochemistry revealed that rho(0) cells maintained a normal ... More
Adenovirus E1B-19K/BCL-2 interacting protein BNIP3 contains a BH3 domain and a mitochondrial targeting sequence.
AuthorsYasuda M, Theodorakis P, Subramanian T, Chinnadurai G
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID9575197
'Adenovirus E1B-19K and BCL-2 anti-apoptosis proteins interact with certain BCL-2 family pro-apoptotic proteins. A conserved domain, BH3, present in these proteins is essential for their pro-apoptotic activity and for heterodimerization with anti-apoptosis proteins. Cellular protein BNIP3 (previously NIP3) interacts with E1B-19K, BCL-2, BCL-xL, and EBV-BHRF1. BNIP3 contains a motif similar ... More
The effect of Golgi depletion on exocytic transport.
AuthorsPelletier L, Jokitalo E, Warren G
JournalNat Cell Biol
PubMed ID11056540
'Here we evaluate the idea that the Golgi is in dynamic equilibrium with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In cytoplasts that lack the Golgi apparatus, no regrowth of the Golgi is observed, nor is any transport from the ER to the cell surface detected. However, introduction of the smallest measurable amount ... More
Targeted disruption of mouse conventional kinesin heavy chain, kif5B, results in abnormal perinuclear clustering of mitochondria.
AuthorsTanaka Y, Kanai Y, Okada Y, Nonaka S, Takeda S, Harada A, Hirokawa N
JournalCell
PubMed ID9657148
'Mouse kif5B gene was disrupted by homologous recombination. kif5B-/- mice were embryonic lethal with a severe growth retardation at 9.5-11.5 days postcoitum. To analyze the significance of this conventional kinesin heavy chain in organelle transport, we studied the distribution of major organelles in the extraembryonic cells. The null mutant cells ... More
Two-photon fluorescence absorption and emission spectra of dyes relevant for cell imaging.
AuthorsBestvater F, Spiess E, Stobrawa G, Hacker M, Feurer T, Porwol T, Berchner-Pfannschmidt U, Wotzlaw C, Acker H
JournalJ Microsc
PubMed ID12423261
'Two-photon absorption and emission spectra for fluorophores relevant in cell imaging were measured using a 45 fs Ti:sapphire laser, a continuously tuneable optical parametric amplifier for the excitation range 580-1150 nm and an optical multichannel analyser. The measurements included DNA stains, fluorescent dyes coupled to antibodies as well as organelle ... More
High density distribution of endoplasmic reticulum proteins and mitochondria at specialized Ca2+ release sites in oligodendrocyte processes.
AuthorsSimpson PB, Mehotra S, Lange GD, Russell JT
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID9278423
'In oligodendrocyte processes, methacholine-evoked Ca2+ waves propagate via regions of specialized Ca2+ release kinetics (wave amplification sites) at which the amplitude and rate of rise of local Ca2+ signals are markedly higher than in surrounding areas (Simpson, P. B., and Russell, J. T. (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271, 33493-33501). In ... More
Differential gel electrophoresis and transgenic mitochondrial calcium reporters demonstrate spatiotemporal filtering in calcium control of mitochondria.
AuthorsTerhzaz S, Southall TD, Lilley KS, Kean L, Allan AK, Davies SA, Dow JA
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID16670086
'Mitochondria must adjust both their intracellular location and their metabolism in order to balance their output to the needs of the cell. Here we show by the proteomic technique of time series difference gel electrophoresis that a major result of neuroendocrine stimulation of the Drosophila renal tubule is an extensive ... More
Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced ROS release: a new phenomenon accompanying induction of the mitochondrial permeability transition in cardiac myocytes.
'We sought to understand the relationship between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) in cardiac myocytes based on the observation of increased ROS production at sites of spontaneously deenergized mitochondria. We devised a new model enabling incremental ROS accumulation in individual mitochondria in isolated cardiac myocytes ... More
The influenza A virus PB1-F2 protein targets the inner mitochondrial membrane via a predicted basic amphipathic helix that disrupts mitochondrial function.
'The 11th influenza A virus gene product is an 87-amino-acid protein provisionally named PB1-F2 (because it is encoded by an open reading frame overlapping the PB1 open reading frame). A significant fraction of PB1-F2 localizes to the inner mitochondrial membrane in influenza A virus-infected cells. PB1-F2 appears to enhance virus-induced ... More
Perfluorocarbons are taken up by isolated type II pneumocytes and influence its lipid synthesis and secretion.
AuthorsRüdiger M, Wissel H, Ochs M, Burkhardt W, Proquitté H, Wauer RR, Stevens P, Rüstow B
JournalCrit Care Med
PubMed ID12682492
'OBJECTIVE: Because alveoli fill with perfluorocarbons during liquid ventilation, an uptake of perfluorocarbons by type II pneumocytes can be postulated that might affect synthesis and secretion of pulmonary surfactant. The study was performed to answer the following questions: Do isolated type II pneumocytes take up perfluorocarbons? Do perfluorocarbons affect lipid ... More
Subplasmalemmal mitochondria modulate the activity of plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPases.
AuthorsFrieden M, Arnaudeau S, Castelbou C, Demaurex N
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID16216868
'Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that modulate cellular Ca2+ signals by interacting with Ca2+ transporters on the plasma membrane or the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). To study how mitochondria dynamics affects cell Ca2+ homeostasis, we overexpressed two mitochondrial fission proteins, hFis1 and Drp1, and measured Ca2+ changes within the cytosol and the ... More
The mitochondrial network of human neutrophils: role in chemotaxis, phagocytosis, respiratory burst activation, and commitment to apoptosis.
AuthorsFossati G, Moulding DA, Spiller DG, Moots RJ, White MR, Edwards SW
JournalJ Immunol
PubMed ID12574365
'It is commonly assumed that human neutrophils possess few, if any, functional mitochondria and that they do not depend on these organelles for cell function. We have used the fluorescent mitochondrial indicators, JC-1, MitoTracker Red, and dihydrorhodamine 123 to show that live neutrophils possess a complex mitochondrial network that extends ... More
Nitric oxide-dependent mitochondrial biogenesis generates Ca2+ signaling profile of lupus T cells.
AuthorsNagy G, Barcza M, Gonchoroff N, Phillips PE, Perl A
JournalJ Immunol
PubMed ID15356113
'Abnormal T cell activation and cell death underlie the pathology of systemic lupus erythematosus. Although mitochondrial hyperpolarization (MHP) represents an early and reversible checkpoint of T cell activation and apoptosis, lupus T cells exhibit persistent MHP. NO has recently been recognized as a key signal of mitochondrial biogenesis and mediator ... More
Fluorescence detection of 8-oxoguanine in nuclear and mitochondrial DNA of cultured cells using a recombinant Fab and confocal scanning laser microscopy.
'The presence of 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) in DNA is considered a marker of oxidative stress and DNA damage. We describe a multifluorescence technique to detect the localization of 8-oxoG in both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA using a mouse recombinant Fab 166. The Fab was generated by repertoire cloning and combinatorial phage ... More
MitoTracker labeling in primary neuronal and astrocytic cultures: influence of mitochondrial membrane potential and oxidants.
AuthorsBuckman JF, Hernández H, Kress GJ, Votyakova TV, Pal S, Reynolds IJ
JournalJ Neurosci Methods
PubMed ID11164242
'MitoTracker dyes are fluorescent mitochondrial markers that covalently bind free sulfhydryls. The impact of alterations in mitochondrial membrane potential (Delta Psi(m)) and oxidant stress on MitoTracker staining in mitochondria in cultured neurons and astrocytes has been investigated. p-(Trifluoromethoxy) phenyl-hydrazone (FCCP) significantly decreased MitoTracker loading, except with MitoTracker Green in neurons ... More
Evaluation of fluorescent dyes for the detection of mitochondrial membrane potential changes in cultured cardiomyocytes.
AuthorsMathur A, Hong Y, Kemp BK, Barrientos AA, Erusalimsky JD
JournalCardiovasc Res
PubMed ID10727661
'OBJECTIVE: Maintenance of the mitochondrial membrane potential (Deltapsim) is fundamental for the normal performance and survival of cells such as cardiomyocytes, that have a high energy requirement. Measurement of Deltapsim is therefore essential in order to develop an understanding of the molecular mechanisms controlling cardiomyocyte function. Here we have evaluated ... More
Role of the mitochondrial membrane permeability transition (MPT) in rotenone-induced apoptosis in liver cells.
AuthorsIsenberg JS, Klaunig JE
JournalToxicol Sci
PubMed ID10696782
'Rotenone inhibits spontaneously and chemically induced hepatic tumorigenesis in rodents through the induction of apoptosis. However, the mechanism for the induction of apoptosis by rotenone has not been defined. Mitochondrial dysfunction, in particular the induction of the mitochondrial membrane permeability transition (MPT), has been implicated in the cascade of events ... More
Identification and characterization of a gene encoding human LPGAT1, an endoplasmic reticulum-associated lysophosphatidylglycerol acyltransferase.
AuthorsYang Y, Cao J, Shi Y
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID15485873
'Phosphatidylglycerol (PG) is an important membrane polyglycerolphospholipid required for the activity of a variety of enzymes and is a precursor for synthesis of cardiolipin and bis(monoacylglycerol) phosphate. PG is subjected to remodeling subsequent to its de novo biosynthesis to incorporate appropriate acyl content for its biological functions and to prevent ... More
Concanavalin A induced apoptosis in murine macrophage PU5-1.8 cells through clustering of mitochondria and release of cytochrome c.
AuthorsSuen YK, Fung KP, Choy YM, Lee CY, Chan CW, Kong SK
JournalApoptosis
PubMed ID11227218
'Concanavalin A (ConA), normally a mitogen of T-lymphocytes, was found to be a cell cycle-independent apoptosis-inducing agent in cultured murine macrophage PU5-1.8 cells. This assertion is based on the following observations: (1) ConA increased the number of cells with hypodiploid DNA in a dose dependent manner as revealed by flow ... More
Spontaneous and ligand-induced trafficking of CXC-chemokine receptor 4.
AuthorsTarasova NI, Stauber RH, Michejda CJ
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID9632631
'A chimeric protein consisting of CXC-chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) and the green fluorescent protein (GFP) was used for studying receptor localization and trafficking in real time in stably transduced HeLa, U-937, CEM, and NIH/3T3 cells. CXCR4-GFP was fully active as a co-receptor in mediating human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) entry. Both ... More
Molecular basis for the dual mitochondrial and cytosolic localization of alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase in amphibian liver cells.
AuthorsHolbrook JD, Danpure CJ
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID11694530
'To gain further insights into the molecular basis of the evolution of alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGT) intracellular targeting in vertebrates, we have studied the molecular basis of its dual mitochondrial and cytosolic distribution in amphibian liver cells. The AGT gene in Xenopus laevis encodes a polypeptide of 415 amino acids, which ... More
A kinesin-like protein is required for germ plasm aggregation in Xenopus.
AuthorsRobb DL, Heasman J, Raats J, Wylie C
JournalCell
PubMed ID8945510
'In embryos of X. laevis, and many other species, early development requires targeted movements of molecules and molecular aggregates within the oocyte or egg cytoplasm. One well-known example in Xenopus is the aggregation of germ plasm, a group of cytoplasmic islands that become distributed during the first few cell cycles ... More
Statistical evaluation of confocal microscopy images.
AuthorsZucker RM, Price OT
JournalCytometry
PubMed ID11500846
'BACKGROUND: The coefficient of variation (CV) is defined as the standard deviation (sigma) of the fluorescent intensity of a population of beads or pixels expressed as a proportion or percentage of the mean (mu) intensity (CV = sigma/mu). The field of flow cytometry has used the CV of a population ... More
Ketamine induces toxicity in human neurons differentiated from embryonic stem cells via mitochondrial apoptosis pathway.
AuthorsBosnjak ZJ, Yan Y, Canfield S, Muravyeva MY, Kikuchi C, Wells CW, Corbett JA, Bai X,
JournalCurr Drug Saf
PubMed ID22873495
'Ketamine is widely used for anesthesia in pediatric patients. Growing evidence indicates that ketamine causes neurotoxicity in a variety of developing animal models. Our understanding of anesthesia neurotoxicity in humans is currently limited by difficulties in obtaining neurons and performing developmental toxicity studies in fetal and pediatric populations. It may ... More
Gag3p, an outer membrane protein required for fission of mitochondrial tubules.
AuthorsFekkes P, Shepard KA, Yaffe MP
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID11038180
'Mitochondrial morphology and function depend on MGM1, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene encoding a dynamin-like protein of the mitochondrial outer membrane. Here, we show that mitochondrial fragmentation and mitochondrial genome loss caused by lesions in MGM1 are suppressed by three novel mutations, gag1, gag2, and gag3 (for glycerol-adapted growth). Cells with ... More
Mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake regulates the excitability of myenteric neurons.
AuthorsVanden Berghe P, Kenyon JL, Smith TK
JournalJ Neurosci
PubMed ID12177194
'We investigated the role of mitochondria in the regulation of intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) and excitability of myenteric neurons in guinea pig ileum, using microelectrodes and fura-2 [Ca2+]i measurements. In AH/Type-II neurons, action potentials evoke ryanodine-sensitive increases in [Ca2+]i that activate Ca2+-dependent K+ channels and slow afterhyperpolarizations (AH) lasting approximately 15 ... More
Detection of changes in mitochondrial function during apoptosis by simultaneous staining with multiple fluorescent dyes and correlated multiparameter flow cytometry.
AuthorsPoot M, Pierce RH
JournalCytometry
PubMed ID10213196
'BACKGROUND: The possible relationships between changes in mitochondrial membrane potential and other mitochondrial functions during apoptosis remain controversial. METHODS: To detect concomitant changes in mitochondrial function during apoptosis, we performed correlated multiparameter flow cytometry after simultaneous cell staining with several dyes. RESULTS: After camptothecin treatment, nonapoptotic cells exhibited a concomitant ... More
Isolation and characterization of intact mitochondria from neonatal rat brain.
AuthorsRajapakse N, Shimizu K, Payne M, Busija D
JournalBrain Res Brain Res Protoc
PubMed ID11733193
'Poor outcome after neonatal brain injury may be associated with alterations in mitochondrial function. Thus, isolated mitochondria have been a useful tool in understanding the underlying mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction. However, isolation and characterization of mitochondria from neonatal rat brain are not fully described. Thus, the aim of this study ... More
Mitochondrial nitric oxide synthase is not eNOS, nNOS or iNOS.
AuthorsLacza Z, Snipes JA, Zhang J, Horváth EM, Figueroa JP, Szabó C, Busija DW
JournalFree Radic Biol Med
PubMed ID14607521
'Recent studies indicated that there is a distinct mitochondrial nitric oxide synthase (mtNOS) enzyme, which may be identical to the other known NOS isoforms. We investigated the possible involvement of the endothelial, the neuronal, and the inducible NOS isoforms (eNOS, nNOS, iNOS, respectively) in mitochondrial NO production. Mouse liver mitochondria ... More
The PmSOD1 gene of the protistan parasite Perkinsus marinus complements the sod2Delta mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and directs an iron superoxide dismutase to mitochondria.
AuthorsSchott EJ, Vasta GR
JournalMol Biochem Parasitol
PubMed ID12554087
'The facultative intracellular oyster parasite, Perkinsus marinus, taxonomically related to both dinoflagellates and apicomplexan parasites, possesses at least two distinct genes (PmSOD1 and PmSOD2) predicted to encode iron-containing superoxide dismutases (Fe-SOD). The present study demonstrates that PmSOD1 complements a Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant lacking the mitochondrial manganese-containing SOD (Mn-SOD), whereas PmSOD2 ... More
Cell death-associated translocation of plasma membrane components induced by CTL.
AuthorsKawasaki Y, Saito T, Shirota-Someya Y, Ikegami Y, Komano H, Lee MH, Froelich CJ, Shinohara N, Takayama H
JournalJ Immunol
PubMed ID10779768
'In the very early stages of target cell apoptosis induced by CTL, we found that fluorescence of labeling probes of the target plasma membrane, such as N-(3-triethylammoniumpropyl)-4-(p-dibutylaminostyryl)pyridin ium dibromide (FM1-43), was translocated into intracellular membrane structures including nuclear envelope and mitochondria. This translocation was associated with the execution of CTL-mediated ... More
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma-independent inhibition of macrophage activation by the non-thiazolidinedione agonist L-796,449. Comparison with the effects of 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2).
AuthorsCastrillo A, Mojena M, Hortelano S, Boscá L
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID11438523
'The effects of L-796,449 (3-chloro-4-(3-(3-phenyl-7-propylbenzofuran-6-yloxy)propylthio)phenylacetic acid; referred to henceforth as compound G), a thiazolidinedione-unrelated peroxisome proliferator activated-receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonist, on early signaling in lipopolysaccharide-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages were analyzed and compared with those elicited by 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) and the thiazolidinedione rosiglitazone. Compound G inhibited the activation of nuclear factor kappa ... More
Golgi fragmentation occurs in the cells with prefibrillar alpha-synuclein aggregates and precedes the formation of fibrillar inclusion.
AuthorsGosavi N, Lee HJ, Lee JS, Patel S, Lee SJ
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID12351643
'Amyloid-like fibrillar aggregates of intracellular proteins are common pathological features of human neurodegenerative diseases. However, the nature of pathogenic aggregates and the biological consequences of their formation remain elusive. Here, we describe (i) a model cellular system in which prefibrillar alpha-synuclein aggregates and fibrillar inclusions are naturally formed in the ... More
Functional genomics in Dictyostelium: MidA, a new conserved protein, is required for mitochondrial function and development.
'Genomic sequencing has revealed a large number of evolutionary conserved genes of unknown function. In the absence of characterized functional domains, the discovery of the role of these genes must rely on experimental approaches. We have selected 30 Dictyostelium discoideum genes of unknown function that showed high similarity to uncharacterized ... More
Mitochondrial permeability transition and swelling can occur reversibly without inducing cell death in intact human cells.
AuthorsMinamikawa T, Williams DA, Bowser DN, Nagley P
JournalExp Cell Res
PubMed ID9882512
'Severe disruption of mitochondrial function is generally considered to provide a powerful trigger for apoptosis in mammalian cells. We report here that intact cells may undergo the mitochondrial permeability transition and mitochondria swell in a fully reversible manner, without inducing cell death. Cultured human osteosarcoma cells (143B TK-) stained with ... More
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring cell death in higher eukaryotes.
AuthorsGalluzzi L, Aaronson SA, Abrams J, Alnemri ES, Andrews DW, Baehrecke EH, Bazan NG, Blagosklonny MV, Blomgren K, Borner C, Bredesen DE, Brenner C, Castedo M, Cidlowski JA, Ciechanover A, Cohen GM, De Laurenzi V, De Maria R, Deshmukh M, Dynlacht BD, El-Deiry WS, Flavell RA, Fulda S, Garrido C, Golstein P, Gougeon ML, Green DR, Gronemeyer H, Hajnóczky G, Hardwick JM, Hengartner MO, Ichijo H, Jäättelä M, Kepp O, Kimchi A, Klionsky DJ, Knight RA, Kornbluth S, Kumar S, Levine B, Lipton SA, Lugli E, Ma
JournalCell Death Differ
PubMed ID19373242
'Cell death is essential for a plethora of physiological processes, and its deregulation characterizes numerous human diseases. Thus, the in-depth investigation of cell death and its mechanisms constitutes a formidable challenge for fundamental and applied biomedical research, and has tremendous implications for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. It is, ... More
Molecular cloning and characterization of a human mitochondrial ceramidase.
AuthorsEl Bawab S, Roddy P, Qian T, Bielawska A, Lemasters JJ, Hannun YA
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID10781606
'We have recently purified a rat brain membrane-bound nonlysosomal ceramidase (El Bawab, S., Bielawska, A., and Y. A. Hannun (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274, 27948-27955). Using peptide sequences obtained from the purified rat brain enzyme, we report here the cloning of the human isoform. The deduced amino acid sequence of ... More
Cloning and subcellular localization of human mitochondrial hsp70.
AuthorsBhattacharyya T, Karnezis AN, Murphy SP, Hoang T, Freeman BC, Phillips B, Morimoto RI
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID7829505
'We report the cloning, nucleotide sequence, and localization of mitochondrial hsp70, a member of the human hsp70 multi-gene family. The human mthsp75 gene was cloned by screening an expression library with monoclonal antibody 3A3 that recognizes three members of the human hsp70 family (hsp70, hsc70, and a 75-kDa protein with ... More
Mitochondrial fusion in yeast requires the transmembrane GTPase Fzo1p.
'Membrane fusion is required to establish the morphology and cellular distribution of the mitochondrial compartment. In Drosophila, mutations in the fuzzy onions (fzo) GTPase block a developmentally regulated mitochondrial fusion event during spermatogenesis. Here we report that the yeast orthologue of fuzzy onions, Fzo1p, plays a direct and conserved role ... More
Methods for the assessment of mitochondrial membrane permeabilization in apoptosis.
AuthorsGalluzzi L, Zamzami N, de La Motte Rouge T, Lemaire C, Brenner C, Kroemer G
JournalApoptosis
PubMed ID17294081
'Mitochondrial membrane permeabilization (MMP) is considered as the "point-of-no-return" in numerous models of programmed cell death. Indeed, mitochondria determine the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis, and play a major role in the extrinsic route as well. MMP affects the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes (IM and OM, respectively) to a variable ... More
Tumor cell alpha3beta1 integrin and vascular laminin-5 mediate pulmonary arrest and metastasis.
AuthorsWang H, Fu W, Im JH, Zhou Z, Santoro SA, Iyer V, DiPersio CM, Yu QC, Quaranta V, Al-Mehdi A, Muschel RJ
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID15024036
'Arrest of circulating tumor cells in distant organs is required for hematogenous metastasis, but the tumor cell surface molecules responsible have not been identified. Here, we show that the tumor cell alpha3beta1 integrin makes an important contribution to arrest in the lung and to early colony formation. These analyses indicated ... More
A role for mitochondria in NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
AuthorsZhou R, Yazdi AS, Menu P, Tschopp J,
JournalNature
PubMed ID21124315
'An inflammatory response initiated by the NLRP3 inflammasome is triggered by a variety of situations of host ''danger'', including infection and metabolic dysregulation. Previous studies suggested that NLRP3 inflammasome activity is negatively regulated by autophagy and positively regulated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) derived from an uncharacterized organelle. Here we ... More
Dnm1p GTPase-mediated mitochondrial fission is a multi-step process requiring the novel integral membrane component Fis1p.
AuthorsMozdy AD, McCaffery JM, Shaw JM
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID11038183
'Yeast Dnm1p is a soluble, dynamin-related GTPase that assembles on the outer mitochondrial membrane at sites where organelle division occurs. Although these Dnm1p-containing complexes are thought to trigger constriction and fission, little is known about their composition and assembly, and molecules required for their membrane recruitment have not been isolated. ... More
Identification and characterization of a new mammalian glutaredoxin (thioltransferase), Grx2.
AuthorsGladyshev VN, Liu A, Novoselov SV, Krysan K, Sun QA, Kryukov VM, Kryukov GV, Lou MF
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID11397793
'A thiol/disulfide oxidoreductase component of the GSH system, glutaredoxin (Grx), is involved in the reduction of GSH-based mixed disulfides and participates in a variety of cellular redox pathways. A single cytosolic Grx (Grx1) was previously described in mammals. We now report identification and characterization of a second mammalian Grx, designated ... More
A protein containing a serine-rich domain with vesicle fusing properties mediates cell cycle-dependent cytosolic pH regulation.
AuthorsBrazill DT, Caprette DR, Myler HA, Hatton RD, Ammann RR, Lindsey DF, Brock DA, Gomer RH
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID10747962
'Initial differentiation in Dictyostelium involves both asymmetric cell division and a cell cycle-dependent mechanism. We previously identified a gene, rtoA, which when disrupted randomizes the cell cycle-dependent mechanism without affecting either the underlying cell cycle or asymmetric differentiation. We find that in wild-type cells, RtoA levels vary during the cell ... More
Non-uniform distribution of mitochondria in pancreatic acinar cells.
AuthorsJohnson PR, Dolman NJ, Pope M, Vaillant C, Petersen OH, Tepikin AV, Erdemli G
JournalCell Tissue Res
PubMed ID12838407
'The distribution of mitochondria in pancreatic acinar cells was investigated using confocal fluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (EM). Acinar cells were studied either after enzymatic isolation or in small segments of undisassociated pancreatic tissue. Loading of isolated acinar cells with Mito Tracker Green or Red, a fluorescence mitochondrial probe, ... More
Comparison of the effect of mitochondrial inhibitors on mitochondrial membrane potential in two different cell lines using flow cytometry and spectrofluorometry.
AuthorsKalbácová M, Vrbacký M, Drahota Z, Melková Z
JournalCytometry A
PubMed ID12655654
'BACKGROUND: Determination of mitochondrial membrane potential (DeltaPsim) is widely used to characterize cellular metabolism, viability, and apoptosis. Changes of DeltaPsim induced by inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation characterize respective contributions of mitochondria and glycolysis to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis. METHODS: DeltaPsim in BSC-40 and HeLa G cell lines was determined by ... More
Evidence for redox regulation of cytochrome C release during programmed neuronal death: antioxidant effects of protein synthesis and caspase inhibition.
AuthorsKirkland RA, Franklin JL,
JournalJ Neurosci
PubMed ID11245680
'Sympathetic neurons die by apoptosis when they are deprived of nerve growth factor (NGF). Activation of caspases by cytochrome c released from mitochondria is central to this death. In this report we present evidence that cellular redox state regulates cytochrome c redistribution in these neurons. An increase of mitochondrial-produced reactive ... More
Multiphoton confocal microscopy using a femtosecond Cr:forsterite laser.
AuthorsLiu TM, Chu SW, Sun CK, Lin BL, Cheng PC, Johnson I
JournalScanning
PubMed ID11534811
'With its output wavelength covering the infrared penetrating window of most biological tissues at 1,200-1,250 nm, the femtosecond Cr:forsterite laser shows high potential to serve as an excellent excitation source for the multiphoton fluorescence microscope. Its high output power, short optical pulse width, high stability, and low dispersion in fibers ... More
Visualization of G protein-coupled receptor trafficking with the aid of the green fluorescent protein. Endocytosis and recycling of cholecystokinin receptor type A.
AuthorsTarasova NI, Stauber RH, Choi JK, Hudson EA, Czerwinski G, Miller JL, Pavlakis GN, Michejda CJ, Wank SA
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID9169450
'A chimeric protein consisting of the cholecystokinin receptor type A (CCKAR) and the green fluorescent protein (GFP) was used for studying receptor localization, internalization, and recycling in live cells in real time in four different cell lines. Fusion of the C terminus of the CCKAR to the N terminus of ... More
Apoptosis-inducing factor is involved in the regulation of caspase-independent neuronal cell death.
'Caspase-independent death mechanisms have been shown to execute apoptosis in many types of neuronal injury. P53 has been identified as a key regulator of neuronal cell death after acute injury such as DNA damage, ischemia, and excitotoxicity. Here, we demonstrate that p53 can induce neuronal cell death via a caspase-mediated ... More
A novel mitochondrial Ca2+-dependent solute carrier in the liver identified by mRNA differential display.
AuthorsMashima H, Ueda N, Ohno H, Suzuki J, Ohnishi H, Yasuda H, Tsuchida T, Kanamaru C, Makita N, Iiri T, Omata M, Kojima I
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID12645546
'Pancreatic AR42J cells have the feature of pluripotency of the precursor cells of the gut endoderm. Dexamethasone converts them to exocrine cells or liver cells. Using mRNA differential display techniques, we have identified a novel Ca2+-dependent member of the mitochondrial solute carrier superfamily, which is expressed during the course of ... More
Expression of a plant virus non-structural protein in Saccharomyces cerevisiae causes membrane proliferation and altered mitochondrial morphology.
AuthorsRubino L, Di Franco A, Russo M
JournalJ Gen Virol
PubMed ID10640568
'Carnation Italian ringspot tombusvirus encodes a protein, referred to as 36K, that possesses a mitochondrial targeting signal and two transmembrane segments which are thought to anchor this protein to the outer membrane of the mitochondrial envelope of infected plant cells. To determine the topology of the virus protein inserted in ... More
Apoptotic events induced by the phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid in normal human lung fibroblasts.
AuthorsLeira F, Vieites JM, Vieytes MR, Botana LM
JournalToxicol In Vitro
PubMed ID11377092
'We have studied different biochemical indicators of apoptosis in okadaic acid-treated normal human lung fibroblasts (NHLF). Apoptosis was identified by fluorimetric microplate measurements of DNA content, caspase-3 activation and changes in mitochondrial and plasma membrane after 1-48-h treatments with 1-1000 nM okadaic acid. Cells exposed to okadaic acid showed activation ... More
Characterization of the signal that directs Tom20 to the mitochondrial outer membrane.
AuthorsKanaji S, Iwahashi J, Kida Y, Sakaguchi M, Mihara K
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID11038175
'Tom20 is a major receptor of the mitochondrial preprotein translocation system and is bound to the outer membrane through the NH(2)-terminal transmembrane domain (TMD) in an Nin-Ccyt orientation. We analyzed the mitochondria-targeting signal of rat Tom20 (rTom20) in COS-7 cells, using green fluorescent protein (GFP) as the reporter by systematically ... More
Early degradation of paternal mitochondria in domestic pig (Sus scrofa) is prevented by selective proteasomal inhibitors lactacystin and MG132.
AuthorsSutovsky P, McCauley TC, Sutovsky M, Day BN
JournalBiol Reprod
PubMed ID12606393
'Ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis has been implicated in the recognition and selective elimination of paternal mitochondria and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) after fertilization in mammals. Initial evidence suggests that this process is contributed to by lysosomal degradation of the ubiquitinated sperm mitochondrial membrane proteins. The present study examined the role of the proteasome-dependent ... More
Ras proteins induce senescence by altering the intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species.
AuthorsLee AC, Fenster BE, Ito H, Takeda K, Bae NS, Hirai T, Yu ZX, Ferrans VJ, Howard BH, Finkel T
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID10075689
'Human diploid fibroblasts eventually lose the capacity to replicate in culture and enter a viable but nonproliferative state of senescence. Recently, it has been demonstrated that retroviral-mediated gene transfer into primary fibroblasts of an activated ras gene (V12ras) rapidly accelerates development of the senescent phenotype. Using this in vitro system, ... More
Photodynamic inhibition of enzymatic detachment of human cancer cells from a substratum.
AuthorsUzdensky A, Juzeniene A, Ma LW, Moan J
JournalBiochim Biophys Acta
PubMed ID14729136
'Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is currently used for cancer treatment. It is shown that sublethal PDT of human WiDr adenocarcinoma cells and D54Mg glioblastoma cells with 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), disulfonated tetraphenylporphyrine (TPPS(2a)), or MitoTracker Red (MTR) inhibits their trypsin-induced detachment from a plastic substratum. TPPS(2a) was bound selectively to the plasma ... More
Direct evidence for coherent low velocity axonal transport of mitochondria.
AuthorsMiller KE, Sheetz MP
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID16682527
'Axonal growth depends on axonal transport. We report the first global analysis of mitochondrial transport during axonal growth and pauses. In the proximal axon, we found that docked mitochondria attached to the cytoskeletal framework that were stationary relative to the substrate and fast axonal transport fully accounted for mitochondrial transport. ... More
Matrix regulation of skeletal cell apoptosis. Role of calcium and phosphate ions.
AuthorsAdams CS, Mansfield K, Perlot RL, Shapiro IM
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID11278303
'Previously, we noted that inorganic phosphate (P(i)), a major component of bone extracellular matrix, induced osteoblast apoptosis (Meleti, Z., Shapiro, I. M., and Adams, C. S. (2000) Bone (NY) 27, 359-366). Since Ca(2+) along with P(i) is released from bone during the resorption process, we advanced the hypothesis that Ca(2+) ... More
Modulation of [Ca2+]i signaling dynamics and metabolism by perinuclear mitochondria in mouse parotid acinar cells.
AuthorsBruce JI, Giovannucci DR, Blinder G, Shuttleworth TJ, Yule DI
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID14699167
'Parotid acinar cells exhibit rapid cytosolic calcium signals ([Ca2+]i) that initiate in the apical region but rapidly become global in nature. These characteristic [Ca2+]i signals are important for effective fluid secretion, which critically depends on a synchronized activation of spatially separated ion fluxes. Apically restricted [Ca2+]i signals were never observed ... More
AuthorsMetkar SS, Wang B, Catalan E, Anderluh G, Gilbert RJ, Pardo J, Froelich CJ,
JournalPLoS One
PubMed ID21931672
'The cytotoxic cell granule secretory pathway is essential for host defense. This pathway is fundamentally a form of intracellular protein delivery where granule proteases (granzymes) from cytotoxic lymphocytes are thought to diffuse through barrel stave pores generated in the plasma membrane of the target cell by the pore forming protein ... More
Multiparametric evaluation of apoptosis: effects of standard cytotoxic agents and the cyanoguanidine CHS 828.
AuthorsLövborg H, Nygren P, Larsson R
JournalMol Cancer Ther
PubMed ID15141009
'A multiparametric high-content screening assay for measurement of apoptosis was developed. HeLa cells and lymphoma U-937 cells were exposed to cytotoxic drugs in flat-bottomed optical microtiter plates. After incubation, the DNA-binding dye Hoechst 33342, fluorescein-tagged probes that covalently bind active caspases and chloromethyl-X-rosamine to detect mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were ... More
Insertion and assembly of human tom7 into the preprotein translocase complex of the outer mitochondrial membrane.
AuthorsJohnston AJ, Hoogenraad J, Dougan DA, Truscott KN, Yano M, Mori M, Hoogenraad NJ, Ryan MT,
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID12198123
'Tom7 is a component of the translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane (TOM) and assembles into a general import pore complex that translocates preproteins into mitochondria. We have identified the human Tom7 homolog and characterized its import and assembly into the mammalian TOM complex. Tom7 is imported into mitochondria in ... More
The role of the integral membrane nucleoporins Ndc1p and Pom152p in nuclear pore complex assembly and function.
AuthorsMadrid AS, Mancuso J, Cande WZ, Weis K
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID16682526
'The nuclear pore complex (NPC) is a large channel that spans the two lipid bilayers of the nuclear envelope and mediates transport events between the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Only a few NPC components are transmembrane proteins, and the role of these proteins in NPC function and assembly remains poorly ... More
Isolation of a cDNA encoding human lysophosphatidic acid phosphatase that is involved in the regulation of mitochondrial lipid biosynthesis.
AuthorsHiroyama M, Takenawa T
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID10506173
'In this study, we isolated cDNA encoding lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) phosphatase (LPAP). The amino acid sequence deduced from the cDNA encoding LPAP had 421 residues including a putative signal peptide and was homologous to acid phosphatase, especially at the active site. Human LPAP had 28.5% amino acid identity to human ... More
Tumor cells present MHC class II-restricted nuclear and mitochondrial antigens and are the predominant antigen presenting cells in vivo.
AuthorsQi L, Rojas JM, Ostrand-Rosenberg S
JournalJ Immunol
PubMed ID11067897
'MHC class II-restricted tumor Ags presented by class II(+) tumor cells identified to date are derived from proteins expressed in the cytoplasm or plasma membrane of tumor cells. It is unclear whether MHC class II(+) tumor cells present class II-restricted epitopes derived from other intracellular compartments, such as nuclei and/or ... More
Cell survival, DNA damage, and oncogenic transformation after a transient and reversible apoptotic response.
AuthorsTang HL, Tang HM, Mak KH, Hu S, Wang SS, Wong KM, Wong CS, Wu HY, Law HT, Liu K, Talbot CC, Lau WK, Montell DJ, Fung MC,
JournalMol Biol Cell
PubMed ID22535522
'Apoptosis serves as a protective mechanism by eliminating damaged cells through programmed cell death. After apoptotic cells pass critical checkpoints, including mitochondrial fragmentation, executioner caspase activation, and DNA damage, it is assumed that cell death inevitably follows. However, this assumption has not been tested directly. Here we report an unexpected ... More
The use of chloromethyl-X-rosamine (Mitotracker red) to measure loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in apoptotic cells is incompatible with cell fixation.
AuthorsGilmore K, Wilson M
JournalCytometry
PubMed ID10404152
'BACKGROUND: A recent report by Macho et al. (Cytometry 25: 333-340, 1996) described the use of chloromethyl-X-rosamine (CMX-Ros) as a fixable probe for detection of loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (psi(mit)), an early event in many models of apoptosis. However, this previous report lacked a description of any direct comparisons ... More
Trypanosoma cruzi induces the reactive oxygen species-PARP-1-RelA pathway for up-regulation of cytokine expression in cardiomyocytes.
AuthorsBa X, Gupta S, Davidson M, Garg NJ,
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID20145242
'In this study, we demonstrate that human cardiomyocytes (AC16) produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory cytokines in response to Trypanosoma cruzi. ROS were primarily produced by mitochondria, some of which diffused to cytosol of infected cardiomyocytes. These ROS resulted in an increase in 8-hydroxyguanine lesions and DNA fragmentation that ... More
Active caspases and cleaved cytokeratins are sequestered into cytoplasmic inclusions in TRAIL-induced apoptosis.
AuthorsMacFarlane M, Merrison W, Dinsdale D, Cohen GM
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID10725337
'Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis- inducing ligand (TRAIL) -induced apoptosis, in transformed human breast epithelial MCF-7 cells, resulted in a time-dependent activation of the initiator caspases-8 and -9 and the effector caspase-7. Cleavage of caspase-8 and its preferred substrate, Bid, preceded processing of caspases-7 and -9, indicating that caspase-8 is the ... More
Human group IVC phospholipase A2 (cPLA2gamma). Roles in the membrane remodeling and activation induced by oxidative stress.
AuthorsAsai K, Hirabayashi T, Houjou T, Uozumi N, Taguchi R, Shimizu T
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID12502717
'To create the unique properties of a certain cellular membrane, both the composition and the metabolism of membrane phospholipids are key factors. Phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)), with hydrolytic enzyme activities at the sn-2 position in glycerophospholipids, plays critical roles in maintaining the phospholipid composition as well as producing bioactive lipid mediators. ... More
Trogocytosis by Entamoeba histolytica contributes to cell killing and tissue invasion.
AuthorsRalston KS, Solga MD, Mackey-Lawrence NM, Somlata, Bhattacharya A, Petri WA,
Journal
PubMed ID24717428
'Entamoeba histolytica is the causative agent of amoebiasis, a potentially fatal diarrhoeal disease in the developing world. The parasite was named '