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Alergia ou resfriado: como diferenciar e quando fazer o teste

Janeiro de 2026 | ✓ Revisão médica por: Gary Falcetano, PA-C, AE-C

No ringue da sua saúde, alergias e resfriados são adversários fortes com seus próprios estilos de luta.  Embora tenham sintomas semelhantes, alergias e resfriados não são iguais.  Saber mais sobre as diferenças entre os dois pode dar a você a vantagem para nocauteá-los diretamente do ringue!

Estatísticas principais: quão comuns são alergias e resfriados?

Cada um deles, é claro, tem direitos de se gabar que não hesitarão em exibir.  Aqui estão algumas estatísticas dignas de nota que eles possuem:

  • Um total de 8 a 10% da população global sofre de uma ou mais doenças alérgicas.1
  • As alergias são a sexta principal causa de doença crônica nos Estados Unidos.2
  • Os resfriados podem ser causados por mais de 200 vírus diferentes.3
  • Em média, os adultos têm de dois a quatro resfriados por ano, enquanto as crianças têm de seis a oito.3

Mas não deixe esses números intimidarem!  Para se defender estrategicamente contra eles, é necessário aprender mais sobre os oponentes.

O que são alergias e quais são suas causas? 

Uma alergia ocorre quando o sistema imunológico do corpo acredita que uma substância é prejudicial e reage exageradamente, causando uma reação alérgica.4  Por exemplo, se você tem alergia ao pólen, seu sistema imunológico identifica o pólen como um invasor ou alérgeno.5  Os sintomas de uma reação alérgica podem durar semanas, ou até mesmo meses, até que você não esteja mais exposto ao alérgeno que os está desencadeando.

Ágil e leve, ele flutuará pelo ringue com golpes de:6

  • Espirros
  • Nariz entupido/com coriza
  • Tosse
  • Olhos com coceira e lacrimejando.
  • Erupções cutâneas

Confira "Tipos de alergia e sintomas" para armar-se com mais informações sobre tipos de alergias e seus sintomas.

O que é um resfriado e como ele se diferencia das alergias? 

Um resfriado comum é uma infecção menor causada por um vírus ou germe.3 É uma doença contagiosa que afeta o nariz e a garganta.  A maioria das pessoas pode se recuperar de um resfriado em 7 a 10 dias.7

Esse experiente lutador peso-pesado pode derrubá-lo temporariamente com o seguinte:7

  • Espirros
  • Nariz entupido/com coriza
  • Tosse
  • Garganta dolorida ou arranhando
  • Dores corporais leves ou cefaleia leve
  • Febre baixa

Sintomas de alergia vs. sintomas de resfriado

Estar ciente das diferenças em seus sintomas pode ajudá-lo a encontrar melhor o melhor tratamento e, em última análise, o alívio que você está procurando. 

Veja como eles se comparam.

Sintomas de alergia x sintomas de resfriado

Dados do gráfico8

Outra diferença notável é que um resfriado geralmente não dura mais de 10 dias, enquanto os sintomas de alergia podem permanecer até que a exposição ao alérgeno diminua.8

Como tratar alergias e resfriados

Assim que os oponentes entrarem no ringue, você desejará nada mais do que amenizar os sintomas que estão causando desconforto.  Aqui estão algumas maneiras de amenizar o impacto e buscar a vitória.

Tratamento de alergias

Para alergias, o primeiro passo no caminho para o melhor plano de gerenciamento de sintomas é identificar e evitar o desencadeador alérgico.  Os testes de sangue para alergias podem ajudá-lo a identificar o desencadeador, para que você possa tomar medidas específicas para mitigar a exposição.   Antialérgicos de venda livre podem ajudar a bloquear as histaminas liberadas pelo corpo quando ocorre uma reação alérgica.  Sprays salinos nasais e descongestionantes orais também podem ajudar.9

Tratamento de resfriados

O tratamento para um resfriado comum geralmente envolve o gerenciamento dos sintomas enquanto o corpo faz o seu trabalho para combater o vírus.  Alguns medicamentos de venda livre (não indicado para crianças menores de 6 anos), se tomados corretamente, podem potencialmente aliviar os sintomas e reduzir a febre, se necessário.  Sprays nasais e descongestionantes podem ajudar a aliviar a congestão nasal e a pressão nos seios da face, enquanto xaropes para a tosse podem ajudar com a tosse.  Muitas vezes, o melhor "medicamento" é tempo, descanso e hidratação. 10

Como prevenir alergias e resfriados antes do aparecimento dos sintomas

Se você é mais da paz do que lutador, existem maneiras de ajudar a prevenir o combate a alergias sazonais e resfriados antes que os sintomas apareçam.  Aqui estão algumas dicas preventivas que podem ajudar a reduzir suas chances de atingir a fase de sintomas.

Dicas para minimizar os sintomas de alergia

  • Converse com seu médico sobre sintomas e opções de exames.
    •  Aqui está um teste para documentar seus sintomas específicos para que você possa ter uma conversa produtiva com seu médico.
  • Se/quando um gatilho alérgeno for identificado, faça ajustes para ajudar a reduzir a exposição.
    • Os planos de redução da exposição a alérgenos podem ser desenvolvidos com seu médico para alívio de sintomas.
    • Isso irá variar com base no alérgeno específico.  Confira este artigo para saber mais sobre como lidar com alergias.

Como evitar o resfriado

  • Lave as mãos!  Isso pode reduzir a propagação de germes.
    • Carregue consigo um desinfetante para as mãos quando estiver em trânsito.
  • Se as mãos não estiverem lavadas, evite tocar nos olhos, nariz e boca.
  • Cubra a boca e o nariz ao tossir ou espirrar.
  • Se alguém apresentar sintomas de resfriado, evite entrar em contato próximo com essa pessoa.11

Opções de testes de alergia para ajudar a identificar a causa dos sintomas

Especificamente para alergias, existem algumas opções de testes que incluem exames de sangue e testes cutâneos (SPTs).  Junto com seu histórico médico, os resultados dos testes são avaliados ​​pelo seu médico para ajudar a estabelecer um diagnóstico preciso.  Com esse diagnóstico, você e seu médico podem criar um plano personalizado para gerenciar eficazmente seus sintomas.   

Um exame de sangue serve como uma poderosa ferramenta de diagnóstico que pode identificar a sensibilização a muitos alérgenos potenciais.  Ele pode detectar sensibilizações a pólens, fungos, pelos de animais, ácaros, venenos de insetos, alguns medicamentos e muito mais. 

Saiba mais sobre as opções de teste de alergia e como fazer um teste de alergia.

Saiba mais sobre o exame de sangue para identificar alergias

Como aprendemos, resfriados e alergias podem compartilhar sintomas semelhantes, por isso é importante consultar um profissional de saúde (o coach da esquina!) para um exame e diagnóstico adequado.  Isso permitirá que eles recomendem o melhor plano de tratamento para que você volte ao ringue rapidamente.

Faça o teste

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2.     “Allergy Facts.” Edited by Mitchell Grayson MD, Asthma & Allergy Foundation of America, 13 Apr. 2023, aafa.org/allergies/allergy-facts/.

3.     Association, American Lung. “Facts about the Common Cold.” American Lung Association, 27 Mar. 2023, www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/facts-about-the-common-cold.

4.     Asthma & Allergy Foundation of America. “Allergy Symptoms.” Asthma & Allergy Foundation of America, 14 Nov. 2022, aafa.org/allergies/allergy-symptoms/.

5.     American Academy of Allergy Asthma & Immunology. “Allergen Defined.” American Academy of Allergy Asthma & Immunology, 2023, www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/allergy,-asthma-immunology-glossary/allergen-defined.

6.     Mayo Clinic Staff. “Allergies.” Mayo Clinic, Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 5 Aug. 2022, www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/allergies/symptoms-causes/syc-20351497. 

7.     Mayo Clinic, Staff. “Common Cold.” Mayo Clinic, Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 24 May 2023, www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/common-cold/symptoms-causes/syc-20351605. 

8.     Mayo Clinic, Staff. “Common Cold.” Mayo Clinic, Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 24 May 2023, www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/common-cold/symptoms-causes/syc-20351605. 

9.     Mayo Clinic, Staff. “Seasonal Allergies: Nip Them in the Bud.” Mayo Clinic, Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 27 Apr. 2022, www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hay-fever/in-depth/seasonal-allergies/art-20048343.

10.  Johns Hopkins, Medicine. “The Do’s and Don’ts of Easing Cold Symptoms.” JHM, 8 Aug. 2021, www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/wellness-and-prevention/the-dos-and-donts-of-easing-cold-symptoms.

11.  Centers for, Disease Control and Prevention. “Common Cold.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 June 2023, www.cdc.gov/antibiotic-use/colds.html.

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