Alkylation damage causes MMR-dependent chromosomal instability in vertebrate embryos.
AuthorsFeitsma H, Akay A, Cuppen E,
JournalNucleic Acids Res
PubMed ID18522974
'S(N)1-type alkylating agents, like N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) and N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU), are potent mutagens. Exposure to alkylating agents gives rise to O(6)-alkylguanine, a modified base that is recognized by DNA mismatch repair (MMR) proteins but is not repairable, resulting in replication fork stalling and cell death. We used a somatic mutation detection ... More
Identification of a novel signal in the cytoplasmic tail of the Na+:HCO3- cotransporter NBC1 that mediates basolateral targeting.
AuthorsLi HC, Li EY, Neumeier L, Conforti L, Soleimani M,
JournalAm J Physiol Renal Physiol
PubMed ID17182531
'The Na(+):HCO(3)(-) cotransporter NBC1 (SLC4A4, variant A, kidney specific) is located exclusively on the basolateral membrane of epithelial cells, implying that this molecule has acquired specific signals for targeting to the basolateral membrane. A motif with the sequence QQPFLS (positions 1010-1015) in the cytoplasmic tail of NBC1 was recently demonstrated ... More
Reactive oxygen species production via NADPH oxidase mediates TGF-beta-induced cytoskeletal alterations in endothelial cells.
AuthorsHu T, Ramachandrarao SP, Siva S, Valancius C, Zhu Y, Mahadev K, Toh I, Goldstein BJ, Woolkalis M, Sharma K
JournalAm J Physiol Renal Physiol
PubMed ID16159901
'Cytoskeletal alterations in endothelial cells have been linked to nitric oxide generation and cell-cell interactions. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta has been described to affect cytoskeletal rearrangement in numerous cell types; however, the underlying pathway is unclear. In the present study, we found that human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) have ... More
Identification and characterization of small molecules that inhibit intracellular toxin transport.
AuthorsSaenz JB, Doggett TA, Haslam DB
JournalInfect Immun
PubMed ID17576758
'Shiga toxin (Stx), cholera toxin (Ctx), and the plant toxin ricin are among several toxins that reach their intracellular destinations via a complex route. Following endocytosis, these toxins travel in a retrograde direction through the endosomal system to the trans-Golgi network, Golgi apparatus, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER). There the toxins ... More
Enhanced innate antiviral gene expression, IFN-a, and cytolytic responses are predictive of mucosal immune recovery during simian immunodeficiency virus infection.
AuthorsVerhoeven D, George MD, Hu W, Dang AT, Smit-McBride Z, Reay E, Macal M, Fenton A, Sankaran-Walters S, Dandekar S,
Journal
PubMed ID24610016
The mucosa that lines the respiratory and gastrointestinal (GI) tracts is an important portal of entry for pathogens and provides the first line of innate immune defense against infections. Although an abundance of memory CD4(+) T cells at mucosal sites render them highly susceptible to HIV infection, the gut and ... More
A protocol for dissecting Drosophila melanogaster brains for live imaging or immunostaining.
AuthorsWu JS, Luo L
JournalNat Protoc
PubMed ID17487202
This protocol describes a basic method for dissection and immunofluorescence staining of the Drosophila brain at various developmental stages. The Drosophila brain has become increasingly useful for studies of neuronal wiring and morphogenesis in combination with techniques such as the 'mosaic analysis with a repressible cell marker' (MARCM) system, where ... More
Systematic identification of human mitochondrial disease genes through integrative genomics.
AuthorsCalvo S, Jain M, Xie X, Sheth SA, Chang B, Goldberger OA, Spinazzola A, Zeviani M, Carr SA, Mootha VK
JournalNat Genet
PubMed ID16582907
The majority of inherited mitochondrial disorders are due to mutations not in the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) but rather in the nuclear genes encoding proteins targeted to this organelle. Elucidation of the molecular basis for these disorders is limited because only half of the estimated 1,500 mitochondrial proteins have been identified. ... More
Modulation of Leydig cell function by cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 8A.
AuthorsVasta V, Shimizu-Albergine M, Beavo JA
JournalProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
PubMed ID17172443
Leydig cells produce testosterone in the testes under the pulsatile control of pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH). cAMP is the intracellular messenger for LH action on steroidogenesis, and pharmacological evidence indicates that the response to LH can be modulated by cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs). However the types and roles of the ... More