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Phosphatidic acid phosphatase type 2 (PAP2) was originally identified as a plasma membrane enzyme that catalyses the dephosphorylation of the putative second messenger, phosphatidic acid (PA) to diacylglycerol (DG). Subsequently, multiple isoforms of PAP2 were cloned [2-5]. It was found that these enzymes dephosphorylate a number of lipid phosphates in vitro other than PA, including the potent bioactive lipids, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). Therefore, they have been renamed lipid phosphate phosphatases (LPPs). Currently, there are four members of this family called LPP1, LPP1a, LPP2 and LPP3.
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