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HER2, also known as ErbB2, is a member of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR/ErbB) family of receptor tyrosine kinases. Unlike other family members, HER2 has no known direct ligand and functions primarily through heterodimerization with other ErbB receptors, leading to activation of downstream signaling pathways such as PI3K/AKT and MAPK that regulate cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation. HER2 is overexpressed or amplified in several cancers, most notably breast and gastric cancers, where it is associated with aggressive disease and poor prognosis. Due to its role in tumor growth and its cell surface accessibility, HER2 is an important target for monoclonal antibodies, antibody-drug conjugates, and other targeted therapies.
CD137, also known as TNFRSF9 or 4-1BB, is an inducible costimulatory molecule expressed mainly on activated T cells. Its ligand, known as 4-1BBL, is expressed on activated macrophages, mature B cells, hematopoietic stem cells, and myeloid progenitor cells. CD137 signaling leads to maintaining the survival of activated T cells and CD8+ memory T cells, and clonal expansion of T cells, but also to suppressing myelopoiesis and dendritic cell development. Triggered CD137 induces a cytokine release profile regulating peripheral monocyte survival. Soluble forms of CD137 may provide negative control mechanism for some immune responses.
仅用于科研。不用于诊断过程。未经明确授权不得转售。