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Invitrogen
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Endotoxin level < 0.01EU/µg by LAL method
Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze thaw cycles. Store at 2 to 8 °C for one week. Store at -20 to -80 °C for twelve months from the date of receipt.
Isotype of this product is: [VH-VH'-H-Gamma1-VL-VL'-C, kappa] dimer
Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is a pleiotropic, immune-modulatory cytokine produced by activated T cells, and serves as a ligand for interleukin 4 receptor. IL-4 has been found to have the broadest range of actions. The interleukin 4 receptor also binds to IL13, which may contribute to many overlapping functions of this cytokine and IL13. STAT6, a signal transducer and activator of transcription, has been shown to play an important role in mediating the immune regulatory signal of IL-4. The IL-4 gene, IL-3, IL-5, IL-13, and CSF2 form a cytokine gene cluster on chromosome 5q. In particular, IL-4 is located in close proximity to IL13 on the chromosome. Further, the IL-4 gene, IL13 and IL5 are found to be coordinated by several long-range regulatory elements over a 120 kilobase range on the chromosome. IL-4 delta 2 is a known splice variant of IL-4.
IL-13 is an immunoregulatory cytokine produced primarily by activated Th2 cells, and is involved in regulating inflammatory and immune responses. IL-13 down-regulates macrophage activity, thereby inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and is involved in allergen-induced asthma through mechanisms independent of IgE and eosinophils. IL-13 also regulates several stages of B cell maturation and differentiation, up-regulates CD23 and MHC class II expression, and promotes IgE isotype switching of B cells. Structurally, IL-13 closely resembles IL-3, IL-4, IL-5 and GM-CSF. The gene encoding IL-13, IL3, IL5, IL4, and CSF2 form a cytokine gene cluster on chromosome 5q, with the IL-13 gene particularly close to IL4.
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