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Invitrogen
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Ketoconazole is a synthetic antifungal agent that functions by inhibiting cytochrome P450 enzymes, particularly CYP3A4, which are crucial for fungal cell membrane synthesis. It is known to interact with the pregnane X receptor (PXR), influencing drug-drug interactions in humans. Ketoconazole's gene-related activity includes its role as a PXR inhibitor, which can be leveraged to understand receptor function without affecting cytochrome P450, thus reducing potential organ toxicity and cellular cytotoxicity. Additionally, ketoconazole has been identified as an activator of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and Nrf2, contributing to its anti-inflammatory effects. Its tolerance mechanisms in Candida species involve both physiological and genetic factors, highlighting its multifactorial impact on fungal infections.
仅用于科研。不用于诊断过程。未经明确授权不得转售。