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PD-L1 (B7-H1) is a member of the B7 family that binds to PD-1 on T cells, negatively regulating T cell receptor (TCR) signaling. Engagement of PD-1 by PD-L1 reduces T cell proliferation and cytokine production, thereby dampening immune responses. PD-L1 is widely expressed on many human and murine tumors and can be further upregulated by IFN-gamma, contributing to tumor immune evasion.
CD137 (4-1BB, TNFRSF9) is an inducible costimulatory receptor primarily expressed on activated T cells. Its ligand, 4-1BBL, is found on activated macrophages, mature B cells, hematopoietic stem cells, and myeloid progenitors. CD137 signaling promotes survival and clonal expansion of activated and CD8+ memory T cells, and influences cytokine production and monocyte survival. It can also suppress myelopoiesis and dendritic cell development. Soluble CD137 forms may help regulate immune responses.
CD3 is a multi-subunit complex (gamma, delta, epsilon, zeta) essential for TCR assembly and surface expression. Expressed on thymocytes and mature T cells, CD3 transduces antigen-recognition signals through tyrosine-based motifs in its cytoplasmic tails. TCR engagement activates intracellular pathways that drive T cell activation, proliferation, survival, or growth arrest. Defects in CD3 lead to immunodeficiency.
EGFRvIII is a tumor-specific mutant form of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) that is constitutively active due to a deletion in its extracellular domain. Like EGFR, it activates downstream signaling pathways including RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK, PI3K-AKT, PLCg-PKC, STAT, and NF-kB. These pathways promote cell proliferation, survival, and tumor progression. EGFRvIII is commonly found in glioblastoma and represents a target for cancer therapy.
仅用于科研。不用于诊断过程。未经明确授权不得转售。