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B-cell lymphoma is a type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that develops in B lymphocytes, which are white blood cells responsible for producing antibodies. The genetic landscape of B-cell lymphomas is diverse, with key genetic aberrations identified in various subtypes. Chromosomal translocations, such as t(14;18) involving the BCL2 gene, are common in follicular lymphoma, leading to overexpression of the anti-apoptotic protein BCL2. In diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), mutations in genes such as MYC, BCL6, and TP53 are prevalent, contributing to aggressive disease behavior. Mantle cell lymphoma often involves the t(11;14) translocation, resulting in cyclin D1 overexpression, which drives cell cycle progression. Other genetic alterations in B-cell lymphomas include mutations in genes involved in the NF-kB pathway, NOTCH signaling, and epigenetic regulation, highlighting the complexity and heterogeneity of these malignancies.
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