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The Basics of Fetal Bovine Serum Use in Cell Culture |
胎牛血清(FBS),也称为胎牛血浆, 是学术生物学和工业研究人员在细胞培养应用中广泛用作 基础培养基 的补充剂。它富含蛋白质和生长因子,能够支持细胞在培养中的生长。
血清是血液自然凝固后剩下的琥珀色血液部分;通常通过离心进一步纯化,以去除残留的血细胞、凝血纤维蛋白原和低溶解度蛋白质。
胎牛血清来源于牛胎儿的血液,通过封闭系统进行采集。值得注意的是,FBS是体外细胞培养(针对真核细胞)中使用最广泛的血清补充剂 [1,2].
Bovine serum is classified according to the age of the animal from which the blood was collected [3]:
注意:了解动物的年龄很重要,因为这会影响血液的成分,进而影响血清的组成。
来源于牛胎儿的胎牛血清(FBS)含有超过1,000种成分,如生长因子、激素和转运蛋白,这些成分在补充到培养基中时有助于细胞生长。 相比之下, 牛血清白蛋白 (BSA) 是一种从牛血清中纯化出来的单一蛋白质。BSA是FBS的主要成分之一,虽然两者都可以作为细胞培养基的有价值补充剂,但每种在生命科学研究与开发中还有其他独特的应用。
| 胎牛血清提供了一种丰富的培养体系,已知能够支持最广泛的细胞类型,包括细胞系和原代细胞。FBS中的生长因子和极低水平的抗体促进了该血清的多功能性[4]。 |
FBS含有超过1,000种不同的成分,包括:
注意:由于成分不确定,FBS的组成可能会因批次不同而有所变化。
| 作为一种生物物质,FBS必须被仔细处理并妥善储存,以避免降解。最有效的储存方式是将血清冷冻保存。 |
FBS 应当:
由于血清可以长时间储存,研究人员和生产商通常会在几年内使用同一批次的血清。然而,由于 FBS 并非化学定义的产品,当需要补充库存时,他们会尝试采购与之前购买产品规格相似的批次。
赛默飞世尔科技致力于提供帮助确保批次间一致性的解决方案, 包括 FBS fingerprinting and the iMATCH Sera Lot Tool.
胎牛血清作为培养基的补充剂,主要有以下作用:
多年来,学术研究人员以及制药和生物技术行业的从业者一直依赖胎牛血清的宝贵特性。胎牛血清在科研和工业中的具体应用包括但不限于:
想要了解更多胎牛血清(FBS)和疫苗生产 查看我们关于胎牛血清在疫苗生产中的指南
![]() | 胎牛血清独特的生物组成促进了细胞的快速生长,因此成为高效产品。此外,胎牛血清含有较少的γ球蛋白,更高水平的生长因子,以及比小牛和成年牛血清更少的补体蛋白。这使得胎牛血清非常适合促进细胞生长,同时减少哺乳动物细胞在培养过程中结合或裂解的可能性,合理化了胎牛血清优于其他类型牛血清的选择。此外,胎牛血清还含有较低水平的抗体和其他抑制生长的成分。 |
除了为细胞提供多种促进生长的因子(生长因子、激素、营养物质等)外,胎牛血清还可以保护细胞免受有害干扰,包括:
因此,当使用FBS时,细胞生长通常是:
虽然其他动物血清,如 马血清, 可能适用于某些类型的应用,但胎牛血清(FBS)更为通用,可适用于多种应用,从而简化供应需求。
| 尽管研究人员可能认为所有FBS产品的质量都相同,但在为实验室采购FBS时,仍有几个关键因素需要监控和考虑,包括: |
此外,研究人员依赖于无菌、经过过滤且无 支原体 的胎牛血清.赛默飞世尔科技对质量和一致性的承诺,有助于确保每一批Gibco血清都能满足优化细胞培养性能和生长所需的标准和要求。
在评估胎牛血清(FBS)是否适用于细胞培养时,需要了解一系列与产品质量和安全性相关的术语。
| 术语 | 定义 |
|---|---|
| 9 CFR 病毒检测 | Virus panel testing according to Code of Federal Regulations, (CFR), Title 9, Part 113.53 (c) [113.46, 113.47]. Detected by fluorescent antibody. |
| 生化指标和激素谱 | Quantification of biochemical and hormonal (estradiol, insulin, progesterone, testosterone, and thyroxine) profiling that may have impact on cell culture. |
| BSE 状态 | BSE (bovine spongiform encephalopathy) is a disease for which the OIE (The World Organisation for Animal Health) has established official recognition of the sanitary status of countries and zones. Regions that have negligible risk of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (mad cow disease) have lesser biosafety risk for import. |
| EMA 病毒检测 | Virus panel testing according to Code of Federal Regulations, (CFR), Title 9, Part 113.53 (c) [113.46, 113.47]. Detected by fluorescent antibody. |
| 内毒素检测 | Endotoxin is directly related to the quality of collection and processing of serum, the higher the level, the more introduction to gram-negative bacteria. |
| 过滤处理 | Triple (0.1 µm) filtration: Aseptic process that has been validated to ensure that all products meet the industry standard sterility assurance level of 10-3. |
| 血红蛋白 Haemoglobin/hemoglobin | Indicator of proper and/or improper collection and processing of blood and/or serum. |
| 支原体检测及支原体补充检测(H-染色法) | Direct culture and Hoechst stain. Testing indicates Mycoplasma - Not Detected. |
| 原产地确认 | We use a Oritain sera fingerprinting technology for Gibco sera to confirm FBS origin and eliminate the potential for counterfeit product. Learn more |
| 渗透压 | Osmolality of FBS, a measure of the concentration of solutes like salts and sugars, should be similar to culture media to avoid osmotic shock that may impact cell viability. |
| 性能:相对生长促进率 (RGP) | The growth promotion assay measures the ability of each FBS lot to support proliferation of fastidious human diploid fibroblasts through multiple subcultures. |
| pH:相对 pH 促进作用 | Serum acts as a buffer in the cell culture system; the pH is tested to ensure accurate cell culture quality and performance. |
| 总蛋白含量 | FBS is rich in a variety of proteins that can impact cultured cells; the total protein in serum is measured by taking a chemistry panel of the serum. |
尽管胎牛血清(FBS)的质量和完整性可以通过检测和监管加以控制,但 FBS 本质上仍是肉类工业的副产品,因此其成本和供应情况难以稳定管理。此外,环境因素和地缘政治事件等变量也会导致供应不稳定。近年来,由于需求持续增长而供应受限,胎牛血清的价格已上涨超过 300% [4]。
Watch the video to learn more about why FBS prices fluctuate constantly.
林格氏细胞培养基(Ringer’s cell culture medium)由 Sydney Ringer 于 1882 年开发,是动物组织体外培养的首次尝试。在随后的几十年中,随着科学技术的不断进步,研究人员相继建立了最早的动物细胞培养体系,并开发出合成培养基。20 世纪 40 年代,细胞系、基础培养基相继问世,同时也开展了关于无蛋白培养基的研究。
20 世纪 50 年代末,Theodore Puck 首次将胎牛血清(FBS)引入细胞培养中,目的是促进细胞增殖。后续研究发现,除刺激细胞增殖外,FBS 还含有多种对细胞生长和存活至关重要的成分(如激素、维生素、生长因子等)[5]。
在随后的数十年中,胎牛血清在全球实验室中被广泛使用,其作为细胞和组织培养中不可或缺的补充物,一直保持着极高的应用价值和普及度。
![]() | 虽然FBS仍然是细胞培养的基石,但未来可能会逐步转向更为明确和无动物来源的替代品。研究人员不断探索无血清和化学成分明确的培养基,以提高实验的可重复性并解决伦理问题。然而,由于FBS成分复杂且营养丰富,预计在可预见的未来,它仍将是许多细胞培养应用中的重要组成部分。 |
To help ensure quality, safety, consistency, and regulatory compliance, Gibco FBS products undergo strict testing parameters.
Choose the right FBS for your specific needs—from routine cell culture to specialty assays. Whether you need sera with the least viral risk, the lowest endotoxin levels, or FBS qualified for specialty applications and assays, Gibco products offer quality and value.
Get recommendations for common problems or connect directly with an experienced scientist for technical assistance related to applications, equipment, and general product use.
Cell culture is critical to your success, so make sure everyone in your lab uses the best procedures and products to consistently get the outcomes you expect. Cell Culture Basics is an introduction to cell culture, covering topics such as laboratory set-up, safety, and aseptic technique.
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仅供研究使用或进一步生产使用。血清和血液蛋白不能直接用于人或动物。


