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Nicotine is an alkaloid found primarily in the nightshade family of plants, notably in tobacco leaves, and is recognized for its potent psychoactive effects as well as its addictive properties. Structurally, nicotine is composed of a pyridine ring connected to a pyrrolidine ring, which facilitates its ability to act as an agonist at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the brain. This interaction leads to increased release of neurotransmitters such as dopamine, contributing to feelings of pleasure and reward, alongside heightened alertness and cognitive function. While nicotine has been utilized historically in medicine and as a natural pesticide, its primary association today is with smoking and tobacco products, significantly impacting public health due to its role in addiction and related diseases such as lung cancer and cardiovascular disorders. Research continues into nicotine's pharmacokinetics, effects on neural pathways, and potential therapeutic applications, particularly in smoking cessation and neurodegenerative disease contexts.
仅用于科研。不用于诊断过程。未经明确授权不得转售。