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PAK4 is highly expressed in prostate, testis and colon. PAK4 interacts tightly with GTP-bound but not GDP-bound CDC42 and weakly with RAC. PAK4 phosphorylates and autophosphorylates and also activates the JNK pathway. PAK5, a member of the PAK family of protein kinases contains a CDC42/Rac1 interactive binding (CRIB) motif at the N-terminus and a Ste20-like kinase domain at the C-terminus. PAK5 preferentially binds to CDC42 in the presence of GTP and the CRIB motif is essential for this interaction. PAK6 protein cotranslocates into the nucleus with androgen receptor, which is a steroid hormone-dependent transcription factor that is important for male sexual differentiation and development, in response to androgen. PAK6 was initially identified as an androgen receptor in a yeast two hybrid screen and was found to be highly expressed in testis and prostate tissues. Later experiments have shown it to be activated by MAP kinase 6 and p38 MAP kinase, suggesting that PAK6 may play a role in the cellular response to stress-related signals.
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