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Description: Human IL-1 alpha, also called lymphocyte activating factor (LAF), endogenous pyrogen (EP), leucocyte endogenous mediator (LEM), and mononuclear cell factor (MCF), is produced by a wide variety of cells, including macrophages, dendritic cells, T cells, and B cells. IL-1 alpha is mostly cell-associated and has only 20% amino acid homology with IL-1 beta. The immune regulatory role of IL-1 alpha is exerted on a wide range of cells including lymphocytes, epithelial cells, and fibroblasts. This cytokine induces hypotension, fever, and acute phase response in vivo.
Applications Reported: Recombinant human IL-1 alpha is biologically active and can promote proliferation of mouse D10S cells in culture.
Applications Tested: The ED50 of this protein, as measured by proliferation of mouse D10S cells, is less than or equal to 0.001 ng/mL, which corresponds to a specific activity of at least 1.0 x 10e9 Units/mg.
Source: E. coli (amino acids Ser113-Ala271; accession # NP_000566).
Bioactivity: The ED50 of this protein, as measured by proliferation of mouse D10S cells, is less than or equal to 0.001 ng/mL, which corresponds to a specific activity of at least 1.0 x 10e9 Units/mg.
Endotoxin: Less than 0.1 ng/ug cytokine as determined by the LAL assay. Purity: >98% as determined by SDS-PAGE and HPLC.
Molecular Weight: 18 kDa.
Storage and handling: For best recovery, quick spin vial prior to opening. Use in sterile environment. Reconstitute in water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. Do not vortex.Store lyophilized protein at less than or equal to -20°C. Reconstituted protein solution can be stored with carrier protein (e.g., 0.1% BSA) at less than or equal to -20°C.
IL-1 alpha (Interleukin-1 alpha) is a proinflammatory cytokine expressed by monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. IL-1 alpha is coded by the IL1A gene and signals through two receptors, IL-1RI and IL-1RII, both of which are shared with IL-1 beta. IL1A is located on the q arm on chromosome 2 at position 13. IL-1 alpha plays an important role in innate host defense by triggering the production of other proinflammatory cytokines in target cells and initiating acute-phase responses. IL-1 alpha activity can be moderated by IL-1 Receptor Antagonist (IL-1RA), a protein produced by many cell types that blocks receptor binding through competitive inhibition. IL-1 alpha is a pleiotropic cytokine involved in various immune responses, inflammatory processes, and hematopoiesis. Further, IL-1 alpha is produced by monocytes and macrophages as a proprotein, which is proteolytically processed and released in response to cell injury and induces apoptosis. The IL1A gene and eight other interleukin 1 family genes form a cytokine gene cluster on chromosome 2. IL1 alpha regulates the activities of NF-kappaB and mitogen-activated protein kinases. IL-1 alpha can stimulate the expression of IL6 and cyclooxygenase-2 (PTGS2/COX-2), as well as enhance the production of nitric oxide (NO). High levels of IL-1 alpha are associated with several chronic inflammatory diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and multiple sclerosis.
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