Host-parasite coevolutionary conflict between Arabidopsis and downy mildew.
AuthorsAllen RL, Bittner-Eddy PD, Grenville-Briggs LJ, Meitz JC, Rehmany AP, Rose LE, Beynon JL,
JournalScience
PubMed ID15591208
'Plants are constantly exposed to attack by an array of diverse pathogens but lack a somatically adaptive immune system. In spite of this, natural plant populations do not often suffer destructive disease epidemics. Elucidating how allelic diversity within plant genes that function to detect pathogens (resistance genes) counteracts changing structures ... More
MHC2TA is associated with differential MHC molecule expression and susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis and myocardial infarction.
AuthorsSwanberg M, Lidman O, Padyukov L, Eriksson P, Akesson E, Jagodic M, Lobell A, Khademi M, Börjesson O, Lindgren CM, Lundman P, Brookes AJ, Kere J, Luthman H, Alfredsson L, Hillert J, Klareskog L, Hamsten A, Piehl F, Olsson T,
JournalNat Genet
PubMed ID15821736
'Antigen presentation to T cells by MHC molecules is essential for adaptive immune responses. To determine the exact position of a gene affecting expression of MHC molecules, we finely mapped a previously defined rat quantitative trait locus regulating MHC class II on microglia in an advanced intercross line. We identified ... More
Directed evolution of human T-cell receptors with picomolar affinities by phage display.
AuthorsLi Y, Moysey R, Molloy PE, Vuidepot AL, Mahon T, Baston E, Dunn S, Liddy N, Jacob J, Jakobsen BK, Boulter JM,
JournalNat Biotechnol
PubMed ID15723046
Peptides derived from almost all proteins, including disease-associated proteins, can be presented on the cell surface as peptide-human leukocyte antigen (pHLA) complexes. T cells specifically recognize pHLA with their clonally rearranged T-cell receptors (TCRs), whose natural affinities are limited to approximately 1-100 muM. Here we describe the display of ten ... More
Clathrin heavy and light chain isoforms originated by independent mechanisms of gene duplication during chordate evolution.
In humans, there are two isoforms each of clathrin heavy chain (CHC17 and CHC22) and light chain (LCa and LCb) subunits, all encoded by separate genes. CHC17 forms the ubiquitous clathrin-coated vesicles that mediate membrane traffic. CHC22 is implicated in specialized membrane organization in skeletal muscle. CHC17 is bound and ... More
p27 binds cyclin-CDK complexes through a sequential mechanism involving binding-induced protein folding.
AuthorsLacy ER, Filippov I, Lewis WS, Otieno S, Xiao L, Weiss S, Hengst L, Kriwacki RW,
JournalNat Struct Mol Biol
PubMed ID15024385
p27 controls cell proliferation by binding and regulating nuclear cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). In addition, p27 interacts with other nuclear and cytoplasmic targets and has diverse biological functions. We seek to understand how the structural and dynamic properties of p27 mediate its several functions. We show that, despite showing disorder before ... More
Toxin-antitoxin loci are highly abundant in free-living but lost from host-associated prokaryotes.
AuthorsPandey DP, Gerdes K,
JournalNucleic Acids Res
PubMed ID15718296
Prokaryotic chromosomes code for toxin-antitoxin (TA) loci, often in multiple copies. In E.coli, experimental evidence indicates that TA loci are stress-response elements that help cells survive unfavorable growth conditions. The first gene in a TA operon codes for an antitoxin that combines with and neutralizes a regulatory 'toxin', encoded by ... More
Systematic identification of abundant A-to-I editing sites in the human transcriptome.
AuthorsLevanon EY, Eisenberg E, Yelin R, Nemzer S, Hallegger M, Shemesh R, Fligelman ZY, Shoshan A, Pollock SR, Sztybel D, Olshansky M, Rechavi G, Jantsch MF,
JournalNat Biotechnol
PubMed ID15258596
RNA editing by members of the ADAR (adenosine deaminases acting on RNA) amily leads to site-specific conversion of adenosine to inosine (A-to-I) in precursor messenger RNAs. Editing by ADARs is believed to occur in all metazoa, and is essential for mammalian development. Currently, only a limited number of human ... More
Detailed analysis of gene expression during development of T cell lineages in the thymus.
AuthorsMcCarty N, Shinohara ML, Lu L, Cantor H,
JournalProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
PubMed ID15190182
The genetic mechanisms that promote lineage commitment and eliminate autoreactive cells in the thymus are not well understood. To better understand this process, we have identified and quantitated transcripts in the two major thymocyte lineages by using serial analysis of gene expression. Approximately 25 genes displayed almost complete segregation to ... More
Diversity Arrays Technology (DArT) for whole-genome profiling of barley.
AuthorsWenzl P, Carling J, Kudrna D, Jaccoud D, Huttner E, Kleinhofs A, Kilian A,
JournalProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
PubMed ID15192146
Diversity Arrays Technology (DArT) can detect and type DNA variation at several hundred genomic loci in parallel without relying on sequence information. Here we show that it can be effectively applied to genetic mapping and diversity analyses of barley, a species with a 5,000-Mbp genome. We tested several complexity reduction ... More
The rice leaf blast pathogen undergoes developmental processes typical of root-infecting fungi.
AuthorsSesma A, Osbourn AE,
JournalNature
PubMed ID15457264
Pathogens have evolved different strategies to overcome the various barriers that they encounter during infection of their hosts. The rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea causes one of the most damaging diseases of cultivated rice and has emerged as a paradigm system for investigation of foliar pathogenicity. This fungus undergoes a ... More