Inactivation of TGF-beta signaling in hepatocytes results in an increased proliferative response after partial hepatectomy.
AuthorsRomero-Gallo J, Sozmen EG, Chytil A, Russell WE, Whitehead R, Parks WT, Holdren MS, Her MF, Gautam S, Magnuson M, Moses HL, Grady WM,
JournalOncogene
PubMed ID15735717
The transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) signaling pathway, which is activated by the TGF-beta receptor complex consisting of type I and type II TGF-beta receptors (TGFBR1 and TGFBR2), regulates cell growth and death. TGF-beta and components of its signaling pathway, particularly TGFBR2, have been implicated as tumor suppressor genes and ... More
Smad7 abrogates transforming growth factor-beta1-mediated growth inhibition in COLO-357 cells through functional inactivation of the retinoblastoma protein.
AuthorsBoyer Arnold N, Korc M,
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID15811853
'Smad7 is overexpressed in 50% of human pancreatic cancers. COLO-357 pancreatic cancer cells engineered to overexpress Smad7 are resistant to the actions of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) with respect to growth inhibition and cisplatin-induced apoptosis but not with respect to modulation of gene expression. To delineate the mechanisms underlying these ... More
BMP7 and SHH regulate Pax2 in mouse retinal astrocytes by relieving TLX repression.
AuthorsSehgal R, Sheibani N, Rhodes SJ, Belecky Adams TL,
JournalDev Biol
PubMed ID19505455
'Pax2 is essential for development of the neural tube, urogenital system, optic vesicle, optic cup and optic tract. In the eye, Pax2 deficiency is associated with coloboma, a loss of astrocytes in the optic nerve and retina, and abnormal axonal pathfinding of the ganglion cell axons at the optic chiasm. ... More
Reduction in Smad2/3 signaling enhances tumorigenesis but suppresses metastasis of breast cancer cell lines.
AuthorsTian F, DaCosta Byfield S, Parks WT, Yoo S, Felici A, Tang B, Piek E, Wakefield LM, Roberts AB,
JournalCancer Res
PubMed ID14678987
'The role of transforming growth factor beta in breast cancer is controversial with tumor suppressor and pro-oncogenic activities having been demonstrated. To address whether the same or different signal transduction pathways mediate these opposing activities, we manipulated the Smad2/3 signaling pathway in cells of common origin but differing degrees of ... More
The mechanism of nuclear export of Smad3 involves exportin 4 and Ran.
AuthorsKurisaki A, Kurisaki K, Kowanetz M, Sugino H, Yoneda Y, Heldin CH, Moustakas A,
JournalMol Cell Biol
PubMed ID16449645
'Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) receptors phosphorylate Smad3 and induce its nuclear import so it can regulate gene transcription. Smad3 can return to the cytoplasm to propagate further cycles of signal transduction or to be degraded. We demonstrate that Smad3 is exported by a constitutive mechanism that is insensitive to ... More
Cellular response to hypoxia involves signaling via Smad proteins.
AuthorsZhang H, Akman HO, Smith EL, Zhao J, Murphy-Ullrich JE, Batuman OA,
JournalBlood
PubMed ID12411310
The transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) family of cytokines regulates vascular development and inflammatory responses. We have recently shown that exposure of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to hypoxia (1% O(2)) increases gene expression and bioactivation of TGF-beta2 and induces its downstream effectors, Smad proteins (Smads), to associate with DNA. ... More
IL-13 induces connective tissue growth factor in rat hepatic stellate cells via TGF-ß-independent Smad signaling.
AuthorsLiu Y, Meyer C, Müller A, Herweck F, Li Q, Müllenbach R, Mertens PR, Dooley S, Weng HL
JournalJ Immunol
PubMed ID21804025
Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) plays a central role in stimulating extracellular matrix deposition in the liver, and hence is considered a critical mediator of TGF-ß-dependent fibrogenesis. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are known as the major source of CTGF in damaged liver. However, previous studies revealed that IL-13, rather than ... More