Sulfo-SANPAH is a heterobifunctional crosslinker that has a sulfo-NHS ester and a photoactivatable nitrophenyl azide group. The sulfo-NHS ester reacts with primary amines in pH 7-9 buffers to form stable amide bonds. When exposed to UV light, nitrophenyl azides form a nitrene group that can initiate addition reactions with double bonds, insertion into C-H and N-H sites, or subsequent ring expansion to react with a nucleophile (e.g., primary amines).
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