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Metal detection works very well with dry/kibble pet food and treats that do not have a product effect that wet or moist pet foods do. Metal detection equipment provides reliable, cost-effective protection from even the smallest metal contaminants found in pet food production anywhere in a process. If the packaging material contains metal, X-ray inspection would be the right choice. In addition, if there are other contaminant concerns such as stone, high density plastic or glass, X-ray inspection systems will detect these contaminants as well.

There are several points in the baked goods/snack foods production process that benefit from food safety inspection using metal detectors (https://www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/industrial/food-beverage/food-weighing-inspection/metal-detectors.html), X-ray inspection (https://www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/industrial/food-beverage/food-weighing-inspection/x-ray-detection-inspection-systems.html), or checkweighing (https://www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/industrial/food-beverage/food-weighing-inspection/checkweighers.html)technology. They are listed below:

1. Incoming ingredients. Most of the larger bakers demand that their vendors meet specific HACCP objectives. They may require that metal detectors be used, provide proof of inspection, etc. Even with those methodologies in place, some will also inspect incoming ingredients. Typical incoming inspection consists of drop through and bulk flow metal detectors.

2. Dough stage. Before the product is baked or otherwise processed, this is an ideal location to conduct upstream inspection. Metal detectors are the equipment of choice because metal-based packaging is not part of the process at this stage. Bar products are another example. They can be examined right after sheeting, or after the individual bars are cut, or before the product goes into the wrapper. Alternatively, they can also be inspected after packaging.

3. After baking/before packaging. The inspection equipment type will depend on the product type and whether or not its formulation creates a “product effect”. Warm, moist, high salt content products such as breads are more suited toward X-ray equipment, while metal detectors perform well with typically-inert snack foods. Checkweighers can also be located at this stage to make sure that the product weight falls within the min/max specifications and will not create problems (such as line stoppages due to oversize) at the packaging stage. Checkweighers can also be used to confirm that all of the late-stage filling components, such as icing and other toppings, have been properly dispensed.

4. After packaging. The recommended inspection equipment type is dependent on the packaging material or combination of materials that have been selected for this product. Metal components such as aluminum foil trays or metalized firm structures are much more suited to X-ray inspection. Flexible materials without a metal component, paperboard folding cartons and/or a combination of the two, work very well with metal detectors. Checkweighers are frequently located at this stage of the operation.

5. After case packing. Some bakers or processors prefer to inspect after the final packaging stage: case packing. This is typically done via X-ray inspection, provided that the unit is large enough to accompany a case. In addition to inspection, the X-ray system's ability to detect missing pieces will help ensure that the specified count has been loaded into the case. In certain situations, especially when X-ray inspection is not included at the end of the line, checkweighers are placed here to ensure that the proper number of packages are contained inside the case.

Food metal detectors (https://www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/industrial/food-beverage/food-weighing-inspection/metal-detectors.html) work extremely well with frozen baked goods which no longer have a product effect that “just out of the oven” versions do. The challenge is to make sure that the freezer is efficient and is holding the product at the correct temperature. If a product isn't completely frozen, its unfrozen center will have a tendency to look like a piece of metal to the detector.

In addition, many cake and pie products are frozen immediately after production, so some bakers choose to inspect after the items are case packed using food X-ray inspection (https://www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/industrial/food-beverage/food-weighing-inspection/x-ray-detection-inspection-systems.html) equipment that can accommodate the case size.

The recommended food safety inspection machinery type for cakes and pies is dependent on the packaging materials used. Since most pies are in aluminum foil pans, food metal detectors (https://www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/industrial/food-beverage/food-weighing-inspection/metal-detectors.html) can be useful to examine ingredients and dough. However, after the pie has been placed into the pan and/or folding carton, X-ray inspection (https://www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/industrial/food-beverage/food-weighing-inspection/x-ray-detection-inspection-systems.html) should be used. Cakes also sometimes rely on aluminum foil pans, folding cartons, and metalized film, so the inspection solution recommended is also X-ray.

“Product effect” occurs when a product has a conductive property which affects the magnetic field generated by the food metal detector (https://www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/industrial/food-beverage/food-weighing-inspection/metal-detectors.html). This is typically found in high salt, high moisture product environments. For example, warm bread coming out of the oven, coupled with its salt content, tends to have a high product effect. This negatively impacts the metal detector's ability to distinguish between actual non-ferrous metal contaminants and the false signal given by the combination of typical product attributes. This is further complicated by the varying densities, air bubbles, and other physical characteristics of each loaf, since no two loaves are exactly the same (there also are variations between bread types). In these situations, food X-ray inspection equipment will produce significantly better results since product effect is not a factor.