'Inositol pyrophosphates, such as diphosphoinositol pentakisphosphate (IP(7)), are water-soluble inositol phosphates that contain high energy diphosphate moieties on the inositol ring. Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1 (IP6K1) participates in inositol pyrophosphate synthesis, converting inositol hexakisphosphate (IP(6)) to IP(7). In the present study, we show that mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) lacking IP6K1 ... More
H. pylori virulence factor CagA increases intestinal cell proliferation by Wnt pathway activation in a transgenic zebrafish model.
AuthorsNeal JT, Peterson TS, Kent ML, Guillemin K,
JournalDis Model Mech
PubMed ID23471915
'Infection with Helicobacter pylori is a major risk factor for the development of gastric cancer, and infection with strains carrying the virulence factor CagA significantly increases this risk. To investigate the mechanisms by which CagA promotes carcinogenesis, we generated transgenic zebrafish expressing CagA ubiquitously or in the anterior intestine. Transgenic ... More
CXCL12-CXCR4 signaling is required for the maintenance of mouse spermatogonial stem cells.
AuthorsYang QE, Kim D, Kaucher A, Oatley MJ, Oatley JM
JournalJ Cell Sci
PubMed ID23239029
'Continual spermatogenesis relies on the activities of a tissue-specific stem cell population referred to as spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). Fate decisions of stem cells are influenced by their niche environments, a major component of which is soluble factors secreted by support cells. At present, the factors that constitute the SSC ... More
An organotypic coculture model supporting proliferation and differentiation of medullary thymic epithelial cells and promiscuous gene expression.
Understanding intrathymic T cell differentiation has been greatly aided by the development of various reductionist in vitro models that mimic certain steps/microenvironments of this complex process. Most models focused on the faithful in vitro restoration of T cell differentiation and selection. In contrast, suitable in vitro models emulating the developmental ... More
C/EBP homologous protein-induced macrophage apoptosis protects mice from steatohepatitis.
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is a heterogeneous disorder characterized by liver steatosis; inflammation and fibrosis are features of the progressive form nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. The endoplasmic reticulum stress response is postulated to play a role in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. In particular, C/EBP homologous protein ... More
PARG dysfunction enhances DNA double strand break formation in S-phase after alkylation DNA damage and augments different cell death pathways.
AuthorsShirai H, Poetsch AR, Gunji A, Maeda D, Fujimori H, Fujihara H, Yoshida T, Ogino H, Masutani M,
Journal
PubMed ID23744356
Poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) is the primary enzyme responsible for the degradation of poly(ADP-ribose). PARG dysfunction sensitizes cells to alkylating agents and induces cell death; however, the details of this effect have not been fully elucidated. Here, we investigated the mechanism by which PARG deficiency leads to cell death in different ... More
Evaluation of proliferation of neural stem cells in vitro and in vivo.
AuthorsMorte MI, Carreira BP, Machado V, Carmo A, Nunes-Correia I, Carvalho CM, Araújo IM,
JournalCurr Protoc Stem Cell Biol
PubMed ID23404673
This unit describes two basic protocols for the detection of the proliferation of neural stem cells (NSC). The first one addresses cell proliferation in cultures, starting with primary cell cultures isolated from the mouse subventricular zone (SVZ), in which SVZ-derived NSC are kept in culture as neurospheres. By using this ... More
Camptothecin (CPT), a topoisomerase (Top) I-targeting drug that stabilizes Top1-DNA covalent adducts, can induce S-phase-specific cytotoxicity due to the arrest of progressing replication forks. However, CPT-induced non-S-phase cytotoxicity is less well characterized. In this study, we have identified topoisomerase IIß (Top2ß) as a specific determinant for CPT sensitivity, but not ... More
Deficiency of annexin A1 in CD4+ T cells exacerbates T cell-dependent inflammation.
AuthorsYang YH, Song W, Deane JA, Kao W, Ooi JD, Ngo D, Kitching AR, Morand EF, Hickey MJ
JournalJ Immunol
PubMed ID23267026
Annexin A1 (AnxA1) is recognized as an endogenous anti-inflammatory molecule. However, its effects on the adaptive immune response and, in particular, on T cells remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the actions of AnxA1 in three distinct models of T cell-mediated inflammation. In contact hypersensitivity, collagen-induced arthritis, and inflammation ... More