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View additional product information for CellTrace™ Oregon Green™ 488 Carboxylic Acid Diacetate, Succinimidyl Ester (Carboxy-DFFDA, SE), cell permeant, mixed isomers - FAQs (C34555)
16 product FAQs found
我们提供小份的CellTrace试剂，强烈建议您丢弃任何未用的DMSO染料储液。CellTrace试剂有乙酰酯基团，可以覆盖染料的电荷使得它们可以透过细胞，并且琥珀酰亚胺酯胺反应分子允许共价结合到细胞组件，可长时间滞留。如果储存环境中中含有水，乙酰酯和琥珀酰亚胺酯都易于水解。DMSO是吸水性的，因此极易从大气中吸收水。如果您必须要储存自己的染料储备液，需要使用高质量的无水DMSO储液（且不能经常打开），并将小瓶密封放置于密封的含有干燥剂的地方，尽可能保持DMSO/染料储液干燥。
以下为有助于实现均一染色，明亮、清晰的亲代增殖峰的建议：
•临使用前，使用试剂盒附带的DMSO或高质量无水DMSO溶解CellTrace染料储备液，获得最佳的反应活性和细胞透性。
•在PBS或其他无胺、无蛋白生理学缓冲液染色，不要在培养基中染色。
•从单细胞悬液开始染色，并在染色过程中轻轻摇动细胞。
•通过在冷的培养基中孵育细胞5分钟，快速去除未结合的染料，之后用预热培养基洗涤洗细胞两遍。
•在检测体系中引入死细胞染料，并仅对活细胞设门限。
•尽可能多地分析每个样品中的细胞。
•流体动力聚焦细胞流式细胞仪使用低的流动速率。
•CellTrace染料最好的染色浓度通常介于1-10 µM之间，但针对某些类型细胞的最佳浓度会存在差异。观察不同稀释度的染色剂的染色结果，确定您的细胞最适宜的染色浓度。
•某些类型的细胞吸收染料后的染色强度分布范围较广。如果您的细胞也是这种情况，则需要首先分选染色的未刺激亲本细胞，从而选择出一个窄的峰分布。
我们提供小份的CellTrace试剂并强烈建议丢弃任何未用的DMSO染料储备液。CellTrace试剂有二醋酸基团可以封闭染料的电荷，使得它们可以透过细胞并且琥珀酰亚胺酯胺反应基团可允许长时间滞留。如果储存环境中含有水，二醋酸盐和琥珀酰亚胺酯都易于水解。DMSO是吸水性的因此极易从大气中吸收水。如果您必须要储存您的染料储备液，您需要使用高质量的无水DMSO储备液，不能经常打开且将小瓶密封放置于密封的含有干燥剂的地方来保持DMSO/染料储备液尽可能的干燥。-20°C保存。在短时间内尽快使用。
CellTrace细胞增殖试剂是一种细胞透过型染料，胞内酯酶可将其分解产生高荧光化合物并可以共价地结合到细胞内的胺类上，将染料附着于多种细胞内组分并产生稳定的信号。这些试剂毒性很小并对多种细胞增殖活性的影响很小。
这是不推荐的。这些染料与DNA和RNA的结合会影响核酸的正常功能，扰乱转录和增殖。诸如CellTracker染料或Qtracker试剂在不严重扰乱细胞正常活动的条件下对其进行追踪。如果您仍需要使用核酸染料进行标记且细胞是哺乳动物和非血液来源的话，CellLight 细胞核试剂可通过瞬时转染进入细胞，在核表达蛋白上表达GFP或RFP长达数天而不影响其功能。
请浏览这里（https://www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/life-science/cell-analysis/cell-tracing-tracking-and-morphology/cell-tracking.html）以帮助您选择适合您的应用的产品。首先确定追踪细胞的时间，然后考虑染料结合机制。钙黄绿素染料标记均匀且对短期细胞迁移示踪效果极佳，但也会被某些类型细胞迅速外排。亲脂性的花青素染料，如DiI，DIO，和类似的染料能标记细胞膜而不破坏其功能，并且能持续更长时间，但如果发生膜融合则可能会染上其他细胞。此外，它们还会在透化过程中丢失。CellTracker染料更有利于长期标记，其带有温和的氯甲基反应基团使之能够与细胞组分共价结合。CFDA SE也能共价地结合于细胞组分。在所有列出的试剂中，细胞内保留与否取决于细胞分裂的速率和细胞的固有特性（主动外排，膜和蛋白质的周转率等）。其中共价结合试剂比非共价结合的试剂展现出更长的保留时间。
Qtracker试剂是最持久并且荧光强度最高的细胞示踪染料，它通过内吞作用被细胞摄入。在许多样品中它们产生的信号可以持续检测长达数周，而且信号足够强，即使在固定和通透甚至加热和石蜡处理过程中，仍然能够维持较好的荧光信号。
用CellTrace试剂绘制出好的传代曲线的关键是在开始时均匀标记细胞，使它们在标记零点有紧密的变异系数（CV）。如果峰太宽，迭代相互重叠，一系列峰将成为一个驼峰。由于染色程度与细胞大小成正比，可以从统一的细胞群（而非淋巴细胞和粒细胞等混合的细胞群）开始标记，实现均匀的标记。细胞标记时间很短，所以您需要预先稀释染料，迅速混入你的细胞。请确保您的细胞未沉积在试管底部。实现这一点最简单的方法就是准备一份2X染色液（1×= 1-10μM），在一半体积（无血清或BSA）培养基中重悬细胞。将染料添加到细胞中并倒置几次以混合。染色过程中轻轻晃动细胞。染料孵育结束后（20分钟，37℃）即添加血清或BSA（至少1％），以清除任何残留的未反应染料。离心细胞，洗涤一遍，然后在完全培养基中重悬。经10-20分钟的脱酯化孵育后，细胞即可用于你们的实验。一定要确保有一个零点对照，因为您需要知道细胞第一次传代的时间。
Calcein, AM and FDA (fluorescein diaceate) are examples of some dyes used for this application. Since these dyes are not incorporated or covalently attached to any cellular components, they may have a short retention time as some cell types may actively efflux the dye out of the cells. The CellTracker and CellTrace dyes include either a mild thiol-reactive chloromethyl group or amine-reactive succinnimidyl ester group to allow for covalent binding to cellular components, providing for better retention. As with any reagent, one should empirically determine retention times for the cell type used.
Find additional tips, troubleshooting help, and resources within our Cell Analysis Support Center.
Calcein, AM is a good choice for cell tracking and as a general cytoplasmic stain. However, it doesn't bind to anything and may be actively pumped out of the cells within a couple hours, which is likely what happened. The retention of Calcein within live cells is dependent upon the inherent properties of the cell type and culture conditions.
For long-term imaging, you may wish to consider a reactive cytoplasmic stains such as CFDA, SE or the CellTracker and CellTrace dyes.
Find additional tips, troubleshooting help, and resources within our Cell Analysis Support Center.
We provide the CellTrace reagents in small aliquots and strongly recommend discarding any unused DMSO/dye stocks. The CellTrace reagents have acetyl groups to cap the charges on the dyes to make them cell permeant, and succinimidyl ester amine-reactive moiety to allow for covalent attachment to cellular components for long-term retention. Both acetyl groups and succinimidyl esters will readily hydrolyze if any water is present during storage. DMSO is hygroscopic and thus readily absorbs water from the atmosphere. If you must store your dye stocks, you will need to use a good quality, anhydrous DMSO stock that has not been opened often and store the vial within an air-tight container containing some desiccant to keep the DMSO/dye stock solution anhydrous during storage.
Find additional tips, troubleshooting help, and resources within our Cell Analysis Support Center.
Here are some tips to obtain uniform staining and a bright, unstimulated parent generation peak:
Dissolve the CellTrace dye stock immediately before use in the DMSO provided in the kit or in good quality, anhydrous DMSO to obtain the best reactivity and cell permeability.
Stain in PBS or other amine-free, protein-free physiological buffer. Do not stain in medium.
Start with a single-cell suspension and gently agitate the cells during staining.
Quickly remove the unbound dye by incubating the cells in ice-cold media for 5 minutes and then wash twice more with pre-warmed media.
Include a dead-cell stain in the assay and gate only on live cells.
Analyze as many cells as possible from each sample.
Use a low flow rate for analysis on hydrodynamic focusing cytometers.
A good staining concentration for the CellTrace dyes is generally within 1-10 µM, but the optimal concentration for a particular cell type will vary. Observe your cells in a stain dilution series to determine the optimal concentration for your cells.
Some cell types may take up dye with a broad staining intensity distribution. If this is the case for your cells, then you will need to do an initial sort of the stained, unstimulated parent cells to select for a narrow peak distribution.
Find additional tips, troubleshooting help, and resources within our Cell Analysis Support Center.
We provide the CellTrace reagents in small aliquots and strongly recommend discarding any unused DMSO dye stocks. Some of the CellTrace reagents have diacetate groups to cap the charges on the dyes to make them cell permeant, and some have succinimidyl ester amine-reactive groups for long-term cellular retention. Both diacetates and succinimidyl esters will readily hydrolyze if any water is present during storage. DMSO is very hygroscopic and thus readily absorbs water from the atmosphere. We do not recommend storing stock solutions of CellTrace reagents because storage of the product in solution will inevitably lead to partial or complete loss of reactivity.
CellTrace Cell Proliferation reagents are all cell-permeant dyes that are cleaved by intracellular esterases to yield highly fluorescent compounds that also covalently bind to cellular amines, attaching the dye to various cellular components and providing a very stable signal. These reagents show little cytotoxicity with minimal observed effects on the proliferative ability of many cells.
Find additional tips, troubleshooting help, and resources within our Cell Analysis Support Center.
This is not recommended. When these stains bind to DNA and RNA, they may affect the normal function of the nucleic acids, disrupting transcription, as well as replication. Other reagents, such as CellTracker dyes or Qtracker reagents are more optimized for tracking without disrupting normal activity. If a nuclear label is still desired, though, and the cells are mammalian and non-hematopoietic, CellLight nuclear reagents can transiently transfect cells to express GFP or RFP on a nuclear-expressing protein for up to several days without affecting function.
Find additional tips, troubleshooting help, and resources within our Cell Tracing and Tracking Support Center.
Please see this Web link (http://www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/life-science/cell-analysis/cell-tracing-tracking-and-morphology/cell-tracking.html) to help you choose the right option for your application. Start by planning how long you want to track your cells, then consider the mechanism of binding. Calcein dyes are very uniform in label and are good for short-term cell migration, but may be rapidly effluxed from some cell types. Lipophilic cyanine dyes, such as DiI, DiO, and similar dyes label cell membranes, don’t disrupt function, and can last longer, but have the potential to cross to other cells if membranes fuse. They are also lost upon permeabilization. CellTracker dyes are better for longer-term labeling, as they possess a mildly reactive chloromethyl moiety that allows covalent binding to cellular components. CFDA SE also covalently binds to cellular components. With all the reagents, their retention within cells is dependent upon the rate of cell division and the inherent properties of the cell (active efflux, membrane and protein turnover rates, etc.) and reagents that allow for covalent attachment exhibit longer retention than those that do not.
The longest-lasting and brightest options are the Qtracker reagents, which are taken up through endocytosis. These are so bright individual quantum dots can be detected, and are also robust enough to survive not only fixation and permeabilization, but even the heat and solvents used in paraffin processing.
Find additional tips, troubleshooting help, and resources within our Cell Tracing and Tracking Support Center.
The key to good generational profiles with CellTrace reagents is starting with cells that are evenly labeled so that they have a tight coefficient of variance (CV) when run at time zero after labeling. If the peak is too broad, the generations will overlap each other and the series of peaks will become a hump. Even labeling can be achieved by starting with a uniform cell population (not a mixture of lymphocytes and granulocytes for example) as staining will be proportional to cell size. Cells are labeled rapidly, so you want to pre-dilute the dye and mix it into your cells rapidly. Be sure that the cells are not sitting in a clump in the bottom of your tube. The easiest way to do this is to make a 2x dye solution (1x = 1-10 µM) and resuspend your cells in a half volume of medium (no serum or BSA). Add the dye to the cells and invert a few times to mix. Gently agitate the cells during staining. Once the dye incubation is over (20 min, 37 degrees C), add serum or BSA (at least 1%) to scavenge any remaining unreacted dye. Spin down cells, wash 1x, and resuspend in complete medium. After a 10-20 min incubation to undergo de-esterification, cells are ready to be set up for whatever treatment you are planning. Be sure to keep a time zero control as you need to know where the first generation ran.
Find additional tips, troubleshooting help, and resources within our Cell Analysis Support Center.