Topographical organization in the nucleus accumbens of afferents from the basolateral amygdala and efferents to the lateral hypothalamus.
AuthorsKirouac GJ, Ganguly PK
JournalNeuroscience
PubMed ID7675191
The basolateral region of the amygdala and the lateral hypothalamic area are involved in cardiovascular regulation. The aim of the present investigation was to determine if the terminal field of afferent projections from the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala to the nucleus accumbens overlap with the origin of the efferent ... More
Improved retrograde axonal transport and subsequent visualization of tetramethylrhodamine (TMR) -dextran amine by means of an acidic injection vehicle and antibodies against TMR.
AuthorsKaneko T, Saeki K, Lee T, Mizuno N
JournalJ Neurosci Methods
PubMed ID8740593
'We studied the ability of various dextran amines (DA) to retrogradely label cortical neurons to the full extent of their dendritic configurations. Corticothalamic neurons were labeled by pressure injection of DA into the ventrobasal thalamic nuclei of the rat brain. Of fluorescein-, Texas Red-, Cascade Blue- and tetramethylrhodamine (TMR)-DAs of ... More
AuthorsSnow CJ, Goody M, Kelly MW, Oster EC, Jones R, Khalil A, Henry CA,
JournalPLoS Genet
PubMed ID18833302
'Skeletal muscle morphogenesis transforms short muscle precursor cells into long, multinucleate myotubes that anchor to tendons via the myotendinous junction (MTJ). In vertebrates, a great deal is known about muscle specification as well as how somitic cells, as a cohort, generate the early myotome. However, the cellular mechanisms that generate ... More
Impaired trafficking of connexins in androgen-independent human prostate cancer cell lines and its mitigation by alpha-catenin.
AuthorsGovindarajan R, Zhao S, Song XH, Guo RJ, Wheelock M, Johnson KR, Mehta PP
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID12205082
'Gap junctions, composed of connexins, provide a pathway of direct intercellular communication for the diffusion of small molecules between cells. Evidence suggests that connexins act as tumor suppressors. We showed previously that expression of connexin-43 and connexin-32 in an indolent prostate cancer cell line, LNCaP, resulted in gap junction formation ... More
Retrograde transport of sodium selenite and intracellular injection of micro-ruby: a combined method to describe the morphology of zinc-rich neurones.
AuthorsMiró-Bernié N, Sancho-Bielsa FJ, López-García C, Pérez-Clausell J
JournalJ Neurosci Methods
PubMed ID12906949
'Zinc is found in synaptic vesicles in a large number of glutamatergic systems. Its involvement in neurotransmission and neurological disorders has been suggested. There are methods for tracing these circuits, but they do not fill the dendritic tree. In this study, extracellular selenite injections in vivo were combined with intracellular ... More
Anatomical and physiological localization of prelabeled grafts in rat hippocampus.
AuthorsPyapali GK, Turner DA, Madison RD
JournalExp Neurol
PubMed ID1577121
'Dissociated rat fetal hippocampal cells were grafted into normal adult rats. The fetal cells were incubated with one of a number of fluorescent compounds at the time of the dissociation to facilitate identification of the individual grafted cells. The fluorescent labels which were analyzed for this purpose included rhodamine latex ... More
Gap junctional communication in the early Xenopus embryo.
AuthorsLandesman Y, Goodenough DA, Paul DL
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID10953017
'In the Xenopus embryo, blastomeres are joined by gap junctions that allow the movement of small molecules between neighboring cells. Previous studies using Lucifer yellow (LY) have reported asymmetries in the patterns of junctional communication suggesting involvement in dorso-ventral patterning. To explore that relationship, we systematically compared the transfer of ... More
Lateral septal projections onto tubero-infundibular neurons in the hypothalamus of the guinea pig.
AuthorsVaroqueaux F, Poulain P
JournalCell Tissue Res
PubMed ID7528095
'Efferent projections of the lateral septal nucleus (LS) to the preoptic area and the hypothalamus were identified in 20 female guinea pigs after iontophoretic injection of the anterograde axonal tracer Fluoro-Ruby. Tubero-infundibular (TI) neurons of the preoptic area and the hypothalamus were retrogradely labeled after intracardiac injection of Granular Blue ... More
Cell lineage analysis reveals multipotency of some avian neural crest cells.
AuthorsBronner-Fraser M, Fraser SE
JournalNature
PubMed ID2457813
'A major question in developmental biology is how precursor cells give rise to diverse sets of differentiated cell types. In most systems, it remains unclear whether the precursors can form many or all cell types (multipotent or totipotent), or only a single cell type (predetermined). The question of cell lineage ... More
The medial dorsal nucleus is one of the thalamic relays of the cerebellocerebral responses to the frontal association cortex in the monkey: horseradish peroxidase and fluorescent dye double staining study.
AuthorsYamamoto T, Yoshida K, Yoshikawa H, Kishimoto Y, Oka H
JournalBrain Res
PubMed ID1378349
'To reveal the thalamic relay nucleus of the cerebellocerebral responses in the frontal association cortex, simultaneous labeling of the cerebellothalamic (C-T) terminals and the thalamocortical (T-Cx) neurons was performed in three monkeys. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was injected into the deep cerebellar nuclei and small doses of HRP or fluorescent dye ... More
Segmental organization of embryonic diencephalon.
AuthorsFigdor MC, Stern CD
JournalNature
PubMed ID8510755
'The diencephalon is a complex integration centre and intricate relay station of the vertebrate brain. Its development involves the generation of great cellular diversity and neuronal specificity. We report here that it becomes organized in steps, through a stereotyped sequence of neuromeric subdivisions. Diencephalic neuromeres define four cellular domains (D1-D4) ... More
Cytoplasmic transport in Drosophila ovarian follicles: the migration of microinjected fluorescent probes through intercellular bridges depends neither on electrical charge nor on external osmolarity.
AuthorsBohrmann J, Schill S
JournalInt J Dev Biol
PubMed ID9240567
'Using video-intensified fluorescence microscopy and a pseudocolor display of fluorescence intensity, we analyzed the distribution of microinjected molecules within the nurse-cell/oocyte syncytium of Drosophila ovarian follicles. We varied the composition and the osmolarity of the culture solution as well as the electrical charge and the molecular mass of the microinjected ... More
On the use of retrograde tracers for identification of axon collaterals with multiple fluorescent retrograde tracers.
AuthorsSchofield BR, Schofield RM, Sorensen KA, Motts SD
JournalNeuroscience
PubMed ID17379419
'A common method for identifying collateral projections is to inject different retrograde tracers into two targets and examine labeled cells for the presence of both tracers. Double-labeled cells are considered to have collateral projections to the two injection sites. This method is widely considered to underestimate the extent of collaterals. ... More
Survey of the morphology of macaque retinal ganglion cells that project to the pretectum, superior colliculus, and parvicellular laminae of the lateral geniculate nucleus.
AuthorsRodieck RW, Watanabe M
JournalJ Comp Neurol
PubMed ID8308173
'In common with other vertebrates, the primate retina contains a number of different ganglion cell types that project to different regions in the brain. We wanted to determine how the different ganglion cell types, distinguished morphologically, mapped to these regions of the brain. We injected a fluorescent dye into one ... More
Olfactory ensheathing cells promote collateral axonal branching in the injured adult rat spinal cord.
AuthorsChuah MI, Choi-Lundberg D, Weston S, Vincent AJ, Chung RS, Vickers JC, West AK
JournalExp Neurol
PubMed ID14697315
'In recent years, injection of olfactory ensheathing cells (ECs) into the spinal cord has been used as an experimental strategy to promote regeneration of injured axons. In this study, we have compared the effects of transplanting encapsulated ECs with those injected directly into the spinal cord. The dorsal columns of ... More
Restriction of neural crest cell fate in the trunk of the embryonic zebrafish.
AuthorsRaible DW, Eisen JS
JournalDevelopment
PubMed ID8162850
'To learn when cell fate differences first arise in the zebrafish trunk neural crest, individual premigratory crest cells were labeled intracellularly with fluorescent vital dyes, followed in living embryos and complete lineages recorded. Although some of the earliest cells to migrate produced derivatives of multiple phenotypes, most zebrafish trunk neural ... More
Micro-organization of olivocerebellar and corticonuclear connections of the paravermal cerebellum in the cat.
AuthorsGarwicz M, Apps R, Trott JR
JournalEur J Neurosci
PubMed ID8996822
'The olivocerebellar and corticonuclear connections of the forelimb area of the paravermal medial C3 zone were studied in the cat using a combined electrophysiological and fluorescent tracer technique. During an initial operation under barbiturate anaesthesia, lobules IV/V of the cerebellar anterior lobe were exposed and small injections of dextran amines ... More
Requirement for the zebrafish mid-hindbrain boundary in midbrain polarisation, mapping and confinement of the retinotectal projection.
AuthorsPicker A, Brennan C, Reifers F, Clarke JD, Holder N, Brand M
JournalDevelopment
PubMed ID10357940
'The organizer at the midbrain-hindbrain boundary (MHB organizer) has been proposed to induce and polarize the midbrain during development. We investigate the requirement for the MHB organizer in acerebellar mutants, which lack a MHB and cerebellum, but retain a tectum, and are mutant for fgf8, a candidate inducer and polarizer. ... More
The oral-aboral axis of a sea urchin embryo is specified by first cleavage.
AuthorsCameron RA, Fraser SE, Britten RJ, Davidson EH
JournalDevelopment
PubMed ID2562659
'Several lines of evidence suggest that the oral-aboral axis in Strongylocentrotus purpuratus embryos is specified at or before the 8-cell stage. Were the oral-aboral axis specified independently of the first cleavage plane, then a random association of this plane with the blastomeres of the four embryo quadrants in the oral-aboral ... More
Tectal projections to the parvicellular reticular formation and the upper cervical spinal cord in the rat, with special reference to axon collateral innervation.
AuthorsYasui Y, Ono K, Tsumori T, Yokota S, Kishi T
JournalBrain Res
PubMed ID9729348
'After Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin injection into the lateral part of the superior colliculus (SC) in the rat, labeled fibers and axon terminals in the lower brainstem were distributed not only in the medial reticular formation but also in the lateral tegmental field including the parvicellular reticular formation (RFp). More caudally, ... More
Segmentation of the central nervous system in leech.
AuthorsShain DH, Stuart DK, Huang FZ, Weisblat DA
JournalDevelopment
PubMed ID10648232
'Central nervous system (CNS) in leech comprises segmentally iterated progeny derived from five embryonic lineages (M, N, O, P and Q). Segmentation of the leech CNS is characterized by the formation of a series of transverse fissures that subdivide initially continuous columns of segmental founder cells in the N lineage ... More
The eye in the brain: retinoic acid effects morphogenesis of the eye and pathway selection of axons but not the differentiation of the retina in Xenopus laevis.
AuthorsManns M, Fritzsch B
JournalNeurosci Lett
PubMed ID1881624
'We have analyzed the effects of all-trans retinoic acid (RA) on the morphogenesis, differentiation and projection of the eye of Xenopus. RA was applied in concentrations of 10(-5), 5 x 10(-6) and 10(-6) M at stages 9-17. Animals were reared until stages 40-48. RA applied before stage 11 1/2, abated ... More
Regulation of connexin degradation as a mechanism to increase gap junction assembly and function.
AuthorsMusil LS, Le AC, VanSlyke JK, Roberts LM
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID10940315
'Connexins, the integral membrane protein constituents of gap junctions, are degraded at a rate (t(12) = 1.5-5 h) much faster than most other cell surface proteins. Although the turnover of connexins has been shown to be sensitive to inhibitors of either the lysosome or of the proteasome, how connexins are ... More
A cell lineage analysis of segmentation in the chick embryo.
AuthorsStern CD, Fraser SE, Keynes RJ, Primmett DR
JournalDevelopment
PubMed ID2477210
'We have studied the lineage history of the progenitors of the somite mesoderm and of the neural tube in the chick embryo by injecting single cells with the fluorescent tracer, rhodamine-lysine-dextran. We find that, although single cells within the segmental plate give rise to discrete clones in the somites to ... More
Photoconversion and electron microscopic localization of the fluorescent axon tracer fluoro-ruby (rhodamine-dextran-amine).
AuthorsSchmued LC, Snavely LF
JournalJ Histochem Cytochem
PubMed ID7682231
'Fluoro-Ruby, the fluorescent tetramethylrhodamine-dextran-amine used to demonstrate anterograde axon transport, has been successfully photoconverted and subsequently localized by electron microscopy. The photoconversion was accomplished by irradiating the tissue with green light while bathing it in a solution containing DAB. The tissue could then be examined by brightfield microscopy or processed ... More
Tracing of axonal connectivities in a combined slice preparation of rat brains--a study by rhodamine-dextran-amine-application in the lateral nucleus of the amygdala.
Authorsvon Bohlen und Halbach O, Albrecht D
JournalJ Neurosci Methods
PubMed ID9696322
'In preparation for electrophysiological studies, the fiber pathways within the amygdala of rats have been examined using a combined Nissl- and silver-staining method (Bielshowsky) in horizontal sections of the amygdala. To determine if fibers in the lateral nucleus of the amygdala are in functional connection with other brain regions, an ... More
Sequential double labelling with different fluorescent dyes coupled to dextran amines as a tool to estimate the accuracy of tracer application and of regeneration.
AuthorsFritzsch B, Sonntag R
JournalJ Neurosci Methods
PubMed ID1722269
'We present a technique to estimate the accuracy of a given application procedure for neuronal tracers. In a second series of animals we used this technique for the estimation of successful regeneration of peripheral nerves. Dextran amine coupled to rhodamine was applied to the cut trochlar nerve in Xenopus tadpoles. ... More
Segmentation in the chick embryo hindbrain is defined by cell lineage restrictions.
AuthorsFraser S, Keynes R, Lumsden A
JournalNature
PubMed ID2320110
'In the chick embryo hindbrain, morphological segmentation into rhombomeres is matched by metameric patterns of early neuronal differentiation and axonogenesis. Boundaries between rhombomeres coincide with boundaries of expression of murine regulatory genes. By clonal analysis using intracellular marking, we show here that the rhombomere boundaries are partitions across which cells ... More
A gradient of gap junctional communication along the anterior-posterior axis of the developing chick limb bud.
AuthorsCoelho CN, Kosher RA
JournalDev Biol
PubMed ID1743400
'A modification of the scrape-loading/dye transfer technique was used to study gap junctional communication along the anterior-posterior (A-P) axis of embryonic chick wing buds at an early stage of development (stage 20/21) when positional values along the A-P axis are being specified. Extensive intercellular transfer of the gap junction-permeable dye, ... More
Retrograde labeling of phrenic motoneurons by intrapleural injection.
AuthorsMantilla CB, Zhan WZ, Sieck GC,
JournalJ Neurosci Methods
PubMed ID19559048
'Studies of motoneuron plasticity during development or in response to injury or disease rely on the ability to correctly identify motoneurons innervating specific muscle groups. Commonly, injections of retrograde tracer molecules into a target muscle or into a transected nerve are used to label specific motoneuron pools. However, intramuscular injection ... More
Commitment of cell fate in the early zebrafish embryo.
AuthorsHo RK, Kimmel CB
JournalScience
PubMed ID8316841
'When do single cells in the early zebrafish embryo become irreversibly committed to a specific fate? Work with lineage tracing and fate mapping has shown that the marginal cells of the blastoderm give rise to hypoblast-derived fates (mesoderm and endoderm). However, experiments described here show that these marginal blastoderm cells ... More
pH in the endosome. Measurements during pinocytosis and receptor-mediated endocytosis.
AuthorsGeisow MJ, Evans WH
JournalExp Cell Res
PubMed ID6198190
'By fluorescence spectroscopy, the average pH within endocytic compartments was determined during endocytosis of fluorescein conjugates by macrophages and hepatocytes. In mouse macrophages and hepatocytes fluorescein conjugates taken up either in the fluid phase or by binding to cell surface receptors were rapidly transferred to an acidic compartment (pH 5-5.5). ... More
Wound healing, cell communication, and DNA synthesis during imaginal disc regeneration in Drosophila.
AuthorsBryant PJ, Fraser SE
JournalDev Biol
PubMed ID2452103
'Wound healing, gap-junctional cell communication, and DNA synthesis were studied in 3/4 fragments of the imaginal wing disc of Drosophila melanogaster cultured in the female adult abdomen. Such fragments regenerate the missing sector by cell proliferation over a period of several days. Individual cells were marked in the starting fragment ... More
Development of the amphibian oculomotor complex: evidences for migration of oculomotor motoneurons across the midline.
AuthorsNaujoks-Manteuffel C, Sonntag R, Fritzsch B
JournalAnat Embryol (Berl)
PubMed ID1897742
'The development of the oculomotor nucleus in five species of salamanders and one anuran species was investigated with tracing techniques. The data presented support the hypothesis that oculomotor motoneurons innervating the superior rectus muscle migrate across the midline. In the salamander Pleurodeles waltl, only ipsilateral oculomotor motoneurons are labeled in ... More
The correlation between severity of paraparesis and reduced density of resident antigen-presenting cells implicates an unknown role for the spinal perivascular macrophages in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in rats.
'To study alterations in the morphology of spinal perivascular macrophages (SPM) during experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), we labelled SPM by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). As earlier electron microscopical analysis had shown severely damaged SPM, we suspected that each inflammatory process is accompanied by the death of SPM. ... More
Fluorescent retrograde neuronal tracers that label the rat facial nucleus: a comparison of Fast Blue, Fluoro-ruby, Fluoro-emerald, Fluoro-Gold and DiI.
AuthorsChoi D, Li D, Raisman G
JournalJ Neurosci Methods
PubMed ID12100982
'Many fluorescent retrograde tracers are commercially available for neuroanatomical studies. They have been used with varying success in different models and can be very effective in the study of the facial nerve and nucleus. We compare the tracers Fast Blue (FB), Fluoro-ruby, Fluoro-emerald, Fluoro-Gold (FG), and DiI in the rat ... More
Persistent neuronal labeling by retrograde fluorescent tracers: a comparison between Fast Blue, Fluoro-Gold and various dextran conjugates.
AuthorsNovikova L, Novikov L, Kellerth JO
JournalJ Neurosci Methods
PubMed ID9210570
'The permanence of retrograde neuronal labeling by the fluorescent tracers Fast Blue, Fluoro-Gold, Mini-Ruby, Fluoro-Ruby and Fluoro-Emerald was investigated in adult rat spinal motorneurons at 1, 4, 12 and 24 weeks after tracer application to a transected muscle nerve. After 1 week, the largest number of retrogradely labeled motoneurons was ... More
Descending spinal projections from the rostral gigantocellular reticular nuclei complex.
'Electrophysiological and physiological studies have suggested that the ventral medullary gigantocellular reticular nuclei (composed of the gigantocellular ventralis and pars alpha nuclei as well as the adjacent lateral paragigantocellular nucleus; abbreviated Gi-LPGi complex) provide descending control of pelvic floor organs (Mackel [1979] J. Physiol. (Lond.) 294:105-122; Hubscher and Johnson [1996] ... More
Immunoperoxidase labeling of the anterograde tracer fluoro-ruby (tetramethylrhodamine-dextran amine conjugate).
AuthorsChang HT
JournalBrain Res Bull
PubMed ID7678380
Fluoro-Ruby (tetramethylrhodamine-dextran amine conjugate) has been shown recently to be an effective anterograde tracer readily visible in brain sections with fluorescence microscopy. We show in this study that further microscopic analysis of Fluoro-Ruby-labeled elements is feasible with a conventional immunoperoxidase reaction using an antiserum raised against tetramethylrhodamine. ... More
In vivo anterograde and retrograde axonal transport of the fluorescent rhodamine-dextran-amine, Fluoro-Ruby, within the CNS.
AuthorsSchmued L, Kyriakidis K, Heimer L
JournalBrain Res
PubMed ID1706635
A number of fluorescent dextrans were screened for axonal transport properties within the rat CNS. One compound, Fluoro-Ruby (FR), was found to be particularly sensitive for demonstrating retrograde and particularly anterograde axonal transport. The tracer may be either pressure or iontophoretically injected, and the fixed tissue can be examined without ... More
Demonstration of axon collateral projections from the substantia nigra pars reticulata to the superior colliculus and the parvicellular reticular formation in the rat.
AuthorsYasui Y, Tsumori T, Ando A, Domoto T
JournalBrain Res
PubMed ID7539705
It was revealed in the rat that single neurons in the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) innervated both the superior colliculus (SC) and the parvicellular reticular formation (RFp) in the pons and medulla oblongata by way of axon collaterals. After injecting Fluoro-gold into the lateral part of the SC and ... More
Determination of primary motoneuron identity in developing zebrafish embryos.
AuthorsEisen JS
JournalScience
PubMed ID1708527
The developmental determination of primary motoneurons was investigated by transplanting identified motoneurons in embryonic zebrafish to new spinal cord positions. Some cells moved from the new positions in which they were placed back to their original positions, thus it was difficult to evaluate whether they were determined. Among cells that ... More
Entorhinal cortex projection cells to the hippocampal formation in vitro.
AuthorsDugladze T, Heinemann U, Gloveli T
JournalBrain Res
PubMed ID11423098
Retrogradely labeled cells in superficial and deep layers of the entorhinal cortex (EC) were analyzed following application of the fluorescent tracer rhodamine-dextran-amine in different sites of the hippocampal formation in a slice preparation. The results demonstrate a strong projection from layer IV/V to the dentate gyrus, that is in slices ... More
Fate of the inner cell mass in mouse embryos as studied by microinjection of lineage tracers.
AuthorsWinkel GK, Pedersen RA
JournalDev Biol
PubMed ID2452102
We microinjected horseradish peroxidase and rhodamine-conjugated dextran into single inner cell mass (ICM) cells of preimplantation mouse embryos to study their fate in culture. Simultaneous iontophoresis of both lineage markers allowed immediate localization of the injected cell by epifluorescence, followed by microdrop culture of individual embryos. After 24 hr in ... More
Reduction of background autofluorescence in brain sections following immersion in sodium borohydride.
AuthorsClancy B, Cauller LJ
JournalJ Neurosci Methods
PubMed ID9765122
Autofluorescence of aldehyde-fixed neural tissue often obscures perikaria and fine processes labeled with fluorescent anterograde or retrograde tracers. In particular, this autofluorescence hinders the detectability of fine axonal projections labeled with the convenient anterograde tracer, tetramethylrhodamine dextranamine. Background fluorescence was notably reduced by immersion of free-floating brain tissue sections in ... More
Single neurons in the spinal trigeminal and dorsal column nuclei project to both the cochlear nucleus and the inferior colliculus by way of axon collaterals: a fluorescent retrograde double-labeling study in the rat.
AuthorsLi H, Mizuno N
JournalNeurosci Res
PubMed ID9359462
A number of single neurons in the spinal trigeminal nucleus (STN) and the dorsal column nucleus (DCN) were found to project simultaneously to the cochlear nucleus (CoN) and the external cortex of the inferior colliculus (ICe) by way of axon collaterals. Each rat was injected with Fluoro-Gold (FG) into CoN ... More
Fate mapping and cell lineage analysis of Hensen's node in the chick embryo.
AuthorsSelleck MA, Stern CD
JournalDevelopment
PubMed ID1794328
Fate maps of chick Hensen's node were generated using DiI and the lineage of individual cells studied by intracellular injection of lysine-rhodamine-dextran (LRD). The cell types contained within the node are organized both spatially and temporally. At the definitive primitive streak stage (Hamburger and Hamilton stage 4), Hensen's node contains ... More
An identified motoneuron with variable fates in embryonic zebrafish.
AuthorsEisen JS, Pike SH, Romancier B
JournalJ Neurosci
PubMed ID2299397
Every trunk hemisegment of the zebrafish is innervated by 3 identified primary motoneurons whose development can be observed directly in living embryos. In this paper, we describe another identified neuron that is part of this system. Unlike the other primary motoneurons which are present in all trunk hemisegments, this cell ... More
Modern mosaic analysis in the zebrafish.
AuthorsCarmany-Rampey A, Moens CB,
JournalMethods
PubMed ID16829130
One of the most powerful tools used to gain insight into complex developmental processes is the analysis of mosaic embryos. A mosaic is defined as an organism that contains cells of more than one genotype, usually wild-type and mutant. It is the interplay between wild-type and mutant cells in the ... More
Focal macromolecule delivery in neuronal tissue using simultaneous pressure ejection and local electroporation.
AuthorsBarker M, Billups B, Hamann M,
JournalJ Neurosci Methods
PubMed ID19014970
Electroporation creates transient pores in the plasma membrane to introduce macromolecules within a cell or cell population. Generally, electrical pulses are delivered between two electrodes separated from each other, making electroporation less likely to be localised. We have developed a new device combining local pressure ejection with local electroporation through ... More
Correlative microscopy of densely labeled projection neurons using neural tracers.
AuthorsOberti D, Kirschmann MA, Hahnloser RH,
JournalFront Neuroanat
PubMed ID20676237
Three-dimensional morphological information about neural microcircuits is of high interest in neuroscience, but acquiring this information remains challenging. A promising new correlative technique for brain imaging is array tomography (Micheva and Smith, 2007), in which series of ultrathin brain sections are treated with fluorescent antibodies against neurotransmitters and synaptic proteins. ... More
Efficacy of fluorescent tracers in retrograde labeling of cutaneous afferent neurons in the rat.
AuthorsZele T, Sketelj J, Bajrovic FF,
JournalJ Neurosci Methods
PubMed ID20600316
BACKGROUND: In the present study, the labeling efficacy of tracers Fluoro-ruby (FR), Fluoro-emerald (FE), True Blue (TB), Fluoro-Gold (FG), Diamidino Yellow (DY) and 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI) to retrogradely label the cutaneous afferent neurons in the rat was examined. METHODS: The proximal stump of the transected sural nerve was exposed for ... More
Selective release of molecules from Weibel-Palade bodies during a lingering kiss.
AuthorsBabich V, Meli A, Knipe L, Dempster JE, Skehel P, Hannah MJ, Carter T,
JournalBlood
PubMed ID18252862
Exocytosis of specialized endothelial cell secretory organelles, Weibel-Palade bodies (WPBs), is thought to play an important role in regulating hemostasis and intravascular inflammation. The major WPB core proteins are Von Willebrand factor (VWF) and its propolypeptide (Proregion), constituting more than 95% of the content. Although the composition of the WPBs ... More
A proposal for a coordinated effort for the determination of brainwide neuroanatomical connectivity in model organisms at a mesoscopic scale.
AuthorsBohland JW, Wu C, Barbas H, Bokil H, Bota M, Breiter HC, Cline HT, Doyle JC, Freed PJ, Greenspan RJ, Haber SN, Hawrylycz M, Herrera DG, Hilgetag CC, Huang ZJ, Jones A, Jones EG, Karten HJ, Kleinfeld D, Kötter R, Lester HA, Lin JM, Mensh BD, Mikula S, Panksepp J, Price JL, Safdieh J, Saper CB, Schiff ND, Schmahmann JD, Stillman BW, Svoboda K, Swanson LW, Toga AW, Van Essen DC, Watson JD, Mitra PP,
JournalPLoS Comput Biol
PubMed ID19325892
In this era of complete genomes, our knowledge of neuroanatomical circuitry remains surprisingly sparse. Such knowledge is critical, however, for both basic and clinical research into brain function. Here we advocate for a concerted effort to fill this gap, through systematic, experimental mapping of neural circuits at a mesoscopic scale ... More
Rac-mediated macropinocytosis is a critical route for naked plasmid DNA transfer in mice.
AuthorsFumoto S, Nishi J, Ishii H, Wang X, Miyamoto H, Yoshikawa N, Nakashima M, Nakamura J, Nishida K,
JournalMol Pharm
PubMed ID19492848
We have recently discovered the potential for in vivo naked plasmid DNA (pDNA) transfer into gastric serosal surface cells in mice. As pDNA are huge molecules, the mechanism of gene transfer without carriers and physical forces is of great biological interest. The endocytic route for naked pDNA transfer into gastric ... More
Giant neurons in the macaque pulvinar: a distinct relay subpopulation.
AuthorsImura K, Rockland KS,
JournalFront Neuroanat
PubMed ID18958196
Calbindin positive (CB+) giant neurons are known to occur within the pulvinar nucleus in subhuman primates. Here, we demonstrate by combined retrograde tracing and immunocytochemistry that at least some of these are pulvinocortical relay neurons, and further report several distinctive features. First, in contrast with non-giant relay neurons, the giant ... More
The piriform cortex and the endopiriform nucleus in the rat reveal generally similar pattern of connections.
AuthorsKowianski P, Lipowska M, Morys J
JournalFolia Morphol (Warsz)
PubMed ID10504778
The afferent and efferent connections of the piriform cortex and the endopiriform nucleus in the rat were studied by the method of axonal transport of two fluorescent tracers: Fluoro-Gold and Fluoro-Ruby. The results indicate that both structures possess not only the connections with the olfactory system, but also the reciprocal ... More
Improved fluorescent compounds for tracing cell lineage.
AuthorsGimlich RL, Braun J
JournalDev Biol
PubMed ID2581834
In this note simple methods for the synthesis of several new fluorescent cell lineage tracers are described. These are fluorescent dextrans with average molecular weights of approximately 11 X 10(3), and with one or more fluorophore molecules covalently coupled to each dextran chain. These fluorescent dextrans are brighter than commercially ... More
Actin assembly at membranes controlled by ARF6.
AuthorsSchafer DA, D'Souza-Schorey C, Cooper JA
JournalTraffic
PubMed ID11273133
The small GTPase, ADP-ribosylation factor-6 (ARF6), has been implicated in regulating membrane traffic and remodeling cortical F-actin. Using real-time video analysis of actin assembly in living cells, we investigated the function and mechanism of ARF6 in control of actin assembly. Expression of an activated form of ARF6 that mimicks the ... More
Wounding alters epidermal connexin expression and gap junction-mediated intercellular communication.
AuthorsGoliger JA, Paul DL
JournalMol Biol Cell
PubMed ID8589451
We show that connexin expression and in vivo patterns of communication were dramatically altered in response to epidermal wounding. Six hours after injury, Cx26 was up-regulated in the differentiated cells proximal to the wound, but was down-regulated in cells located at the wound edge. In contrast, Cx31.1 and Cx43 were ... More
Connectivity of neurons in identified auditory circuits studied with transport of dextran and microspheres plus intracellular injection of lucifer yellow.
AuthorsOliver DL, Beckius GE, Ostapoff EM
JournalJ Neurosci Methods
PubMed ID7527475
The components of a neural circuit are usually distinguished in separate experiments to identify long connections, presynaptic, and postsynaptic components. We describe a procedure to visualize these components in the same experiment. Neurons in the inferior colliculus the axons of which project to the medial geniculate body were identified by ... More
Identified primary motoneurons in embryonic zebrafish select appropriate pathways in the absence of other primary motoneurons.
AuthorsPike SH, Eisen JS
JournalJ Neurosci
PubMed ID2299400
Accurate pathfinding is a crucial step in formation of a functional nervous system. Individually identified zebrafish primary motoneurons undergo a stereotyped temporal sequence of axonal outgrowth and pathway selection during which their growth cones follow a common pathway to a "choice point" and then select divergent cell-specific pathways that lead ... More
Single-cell transplantation determines the time when Xenopus muscle precursor cells acquire a capacity for autonomous differentiation.
AuthorsKato K, Gurdon JB
JournalProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
PubMed ID8381963
We have used a single-cell transplantation technique to find out whether there is a stage in development when a single cell can reach and maintain its differentiated state in the absence of its neighbors. Muscle precursor cells from early, mid-, and late gastrula stages of Xenopus laevis embryos were isolated ... More
Ca2+ and synaptotagmin VII-dependent delivery of lysosomal membrane to nascent phagosomes.
AuthorsCzibener C, Sherer NM, Becker SM, Pypaert M, Hui E, Chapman ER, Mothes W, Andrews NW
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID16982801
Synaptotagmin (Syt) VII is a ubiquitously expressed member of the Syt family of Ca2+ sensors. It is present on lysosomes in several cell types, where it regulates Ca2+-dependent exocytosis. Because [Ca2+]i and exocytosis have been associated with phagocytosis, we investigated the phagocytic ability of macrophages from Syt VII-/- mice. Syt ... More
Requirements for obtaining unbiased estimates of neuronal numbers in frozen sections.
AuthorsMessina A, Sangster CL, Morrison WA, Galea MP
JournalJ Neurosci Methods
PubMed ID10788667
The use of frozen sectioning is a convenient and rapid means of observing the results obtained using fluorescent retrograde tracers. Quantitation of these results using the biased stereological methods currently available can be associated with large errors. A recently developed stereological tool, the optical dissector, provides unbiased and efficient results, ... More
Recent techniques for tracing pathways in the central nervous system of developing and adult mammals.
AuthorsVercelli A, Repici M, Garbossa D, Grimaldi A
JournalBrain Res Bull
PubMed ID10654576
Over the last 20 years, the choice of neural tracers has increased manyfold, and includes newly introduced anterograde tracers that allow quantitation of single-axon morphologies, and retrograde tracers that can be combined with intracellular fills for the study of dendritic arbors of neurons which have a specific projection pattern. The ... More
Rho GTPases control polarity, protrusion, and adhesion during cell movement.
AuthorsNobes CD, Hall A
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID10087266
Cell movement is essential during embryogenesis to establish tissue patterns and to drive morphogenetic pathways and in the adult for tissue repair and to direct cells to sites of infection. Animal cells move by crawling and the driving force is derived primarily from the coordinated assembly and disassembly of actin ... More
Persistence of gap junction communication during myocardial ischemia.
AuthorsRuiz-Meana M, Garcia-Dorado D, Lane S, Pina P, Inserte J, Mirabet M, Soler-Soler J
JournalAm J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol
PubMed ID11356611
During myocardial ischemia, severe ATP depletion induces rigor contracture followed by intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) rise and progressive impairment of gap junction (GJ)-mediated electrical coupling. Our objective was to investigate whether chemical coupling through GJ allows propagation of rigor in cardiomyocytes and whether it persists after rigor development. In end-to-end ... More
The grasshopper median neuroblast is a multipotent progenitor cell that generates glia and neurons in distinct temporal phases.
AuthorsCondron BG, Zinn K
JournalJ Neurosci
PubMed ID7931543
The midline of the insect CNS provides a good system for studying the control of neuronal and glial cell fates, because it contains a small number of distinct cell types that arise from a unique set of precursors. In this report we analyze the development of the CNS midline in ... More
Imaging calcium dynamics in the nervous system by means of ballistic delivery of indicators.
AuthorsKettunen P, Demas J, Lohmann C, Kasthuri N, Gong Y, Wong RO, Gan WB
JournalJ Neurosci Methods
PubMed ID12234633
The use of fluorescence-based calcium indicators has, over the years, unraveled important calcium-dependent mechanisms underlying neuronal function and development. However, difficulties associated with the loading of calcium indicators have limited their widespread use, particularly for the study of neuronal processing in the adult nervous system. Here, we show that in ... More
Fluorescent tracers as potential candidates for double labeling of descending brain neurons in larval lamprey.
AuthorsZhang L, McClellan AD
JournalJ Neurosci Methods
PubMed ID9874141
In larval lamprey, seven fluorescent tracers were tested as potential candidates for retrograde double labeling of descending brain neurons: Fluoro Gold (FG); fluorescein dextran amine (FDA); True Blue (TB); cascade blue dextran amine (CBDA); Fast Blue (FB); Texas red dextran amine (TRDA); and tetramethylrhodamine dextran amine (RDA). The first tracer ... More
Local perinuclear calcium signals associated with mitosis-entry in early sea urchin embryos.
AuthorsWilding M, Wright EM, Patel R, Ellis-Davies G, Whitaker M
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID8858173
Using calcium-sensitive dyes together with their dextran conjugates and confocal microscopy, we have looked for evidence of localized calcium signaling in the region of the nucleus before entry into mitosis, using the sea urchin egg first mitotic cell cycle as a model. Global calcium transients that appear to originate from ... More
Lack of palmitoylation redirects p59Hck from the plasma membrane to p61Hck-positive lysosomes.
AuthorsCarréno S, Gouze ME, Schaak S, Emorine LJ, Maridonneau-Parini I
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID10967098
Hck, a protein-tyrosine kinase of phagocytes, is the unique member of the Src family expressed under two alternatively translated isoforms differing in their N-terminal site of acylation: p61(Hck) has an additional 21-amino acid sequence comprising a single myristoylation motif, whereas p59(Hck) N terminus has myristoylation and palmitoylation sites. To identify ... More
A sequential double labeling technique for studying changes in motoneuronal projections to muscle following nerve injury and reinnervation.
AuthorsKatada A, Vos JD, Swelstad BB, Zealear DL
JournalJ Neurosci Methods
PubMed ID16753219
The purpose of this study was to develop an anatomical technique that could directly demonstrate the motoneuron projections to the muscle both before injury and again following reinnervation. Investigation focused on the identification of a long-term retrograde fluorescent tracer that would label original motoneurons and persist long enough for reinnervating ... More
Cation-dependent fusogenicity of an N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine.
AuthorsShangguan T, Pak CC, Ali S, Janoff AS, Meers P
JournalBiochim Biophys Acta
PubMed ID9459596
N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamines (NAPEs) are natural lipid components of many organisms. N-acylation of unsaturated phosphatidylethanolamines with a saturated fatty acid converts them from non-lamellar organizing lipids into lamellar organizing, acidic lipids which can interact with cations and potentially return to non-lamellar structures. These special properties make NAPEs candidates for fusogens. We ... More
Current concepts in neuroanatomical tracing.
AuthorsKöbbert C, Apps R, Bechmann I, Lanciego JL, Mey J, Thanos S
JournalProg Neurobiol
PubMed ID10856608
The development of new axonal tract tracing and cell labelling methods has revolutionised neurobiology in the last 30 years. The aim of this review is to consider some of the key methods of neuroanatomical tracing that are currently in use and have proved invaluable in charting the complex interconnections of ... More
Connections of visual areas of the upper temporal lobe of owl monkeys: the MT crescent and dorsal and ventral subdivisions of FST.
AuthorsKaas JH, Morel A
JournalJ Neurosci
PubMed ID8381166
An oval of cortex of moderately dense myelination just ventral to the middle temporal visual area (MT) with input from MT has been referred to as the fundal area of the superior temporal sulcus (FST). Injections of the tracer WGA-HRP into dorsal (FSTD) and ventral (FSTv) halves of FST revealed ... More
Origin of noradrenergic projections to GnRH perikarya-containing areas in the medial septum-diagonal band and preoptic area.
AuthorsWright DE, Jennes L
JournalBrain Res
PubMed ID7694764
The purpose of the present study was to identify the sites of origin of the noradrenergic fibers that project to areas containing gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) perikarya since norepinephrine (NE) is known to influence the activity of GnRH neurons. Fluorescent retrograde tracers were used in combination with immunohistochemistry for dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) ... More
Cell adhesion molecules regulating neurite growth from amacrine and rod photoreceptor cells.
AuthorsKljavin IJ, Lagenaur C, Bixby JL, Reh TA
JournalJ Neurosci
PubMed ID8046466
A great deal is now known about the cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) that are responsible for promoting the growth of ganglion cell axons as they project out of the retina through the optic nerve and finally to distant targets in the brain. However, the CAMs important for regulating axon outgrowth ... More
Superior paraolivary nucleus in the pigmented guinea pig: separate classes of neurons project to the inferior colliculus and the cochlear nucleus.
AuthorsSchofield BR
JournalJ Comp Neurol
PubMed ID1744244
The superior paraolivary nucleus is a large component of the superior olivary complex in rodents and a major source of input to the inferior colliculi and the cochlear nuclei. In the present study, retrograde transport of the fluorescent tracers Fluoro-Gold, Fluoro-Ruby (tetramethyl rhodamine conjugated to dextran), fluorescein-coated microspheres, and Fast ... More
Light and electron microscopic evidence for a GABAergic projection from the caudal basal forebrain to the thalamic reticular nucleus in rats.
AuthorsAsanuma C, Porter LL
JournalJ Comp Neurol
PubMed ID1707896
Neurons in the magnocellular nucleus of the caudal basal forebrain extend an axonal projection which arborizes within the reticular nucleus of the thalamus. The present study addresses the ultrastructure and neurochemistry of this projection in rats. Many labeled terminals are apparent within the thalamic reticular nucleus following Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin ... More
In vivo analyses of integrin beta 1 subunit function in fibronectin matrix assembly.
AuthorsDarribère T, Guida K, Larjava H, Johnson KE, Yamada KM, Thiery JP, Boucaut JC
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID2186050
Early development of the urodele amphibian Pleurodeles waltl is accompanied by a process of progressive fibronectin (FN) fibrillogenesis. FN begins to assemble into fibrils on the inner surface of the blastocoele roof at the early blastula stage and progressively forms a complex extracellular matrix. We have analyzed the mechanisms of ... More
Anatomical plasticity in the medial superior olive following ablation of the inferior colliculus in neonatal and adult rats.
AuthorsOkoyama S, Moriizumi T, Kitao Y, Kawano J, Kudo M
JournalHear Res
PubMed ID8576006
We evaluated the consequences of unilateral ablation of the inferior colliculus (IC) upon the ascending projection from the medial superior olive (MSO) to the IC. Ablation of the IC was performed in rats aged between postnatal day 1 (P1) and maturity. All the rats were given injections of Fluoro-Gold (FG) ... More
Organization of the descending projections from the parabrachial nucleus to the trigeminal sensory nuclear complex and spinal dorsal horn in the rat.
AuthorsYoshida A, Chen K, Moritani M, Yabuta NH, Nagase Y, Takemura M, Shigenaga Y
JournalJ Comp Neurol
PubMed ID9184989
To clarify direct descending projections from the parabrachial nucleus (PB) to the trigeminal sensory nuclear complex (TSNC) and spinal dorsal horn (SpDH), the origin and termination of descending tract cells were examined by the anterograde and retrograde transport methods. Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) and Fluorogold (FG) or dextran-tetramethylrhodamine (Rho) were ... More
Rapid cycling of lipid raft markers between the cell surface and Golgi complex.
The endocytic itineraries of lipid raft markers, such as glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins and glycosphingolipids, are incompletely understood. Here we show that different GPI-anchored proteins have different intracellular distributions; some (such as the folate receptor) accumulate in transferrin-containing compartments, others (such as CD59 and GPI-linked green fluorescent protein [GFP]) accumulate ... More
Quantitative comparisons of corticothalamic topography within the ventrobasal complex and the posterior nucleus of the rodent thalamus.
AuthorsAlloway KD, Hoffer ZS, Hoover JE
JournalBrain Res
PubMed ID12644264
To compare the topographic precision of corticothalamic projections to the ventrobasal (VB) complex and the medial part of the posterior (POm) complex, different anterograde tracers were placed in neighboring parts of the primary (SI) and secondary (SII) somatosensory cortical areas. The location of labeled corticothalamic terminals and their beaded varicosities ... More
Noradrenergic innervation of the thalamic reticular nucleus: a light and electron microscopic immunohistochemical study in rats.
AuthorsAsanuma C
JournalJ Comp Neurol
PubMed ID1381728
Fluoro-ruby injections in the rat locus coeruleus result in scattered chain-like arrays of varicose anterogradely labeled axons within the thalamic reticular nucleus of rats. An abundant meshwork of axons giving rise to en passant boutons is detected immunohistochemically within this thalamic nucleus by means of an antibody to dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH). ... More
Projections from the laterodorsal nucleus of the thalamus to the limbic and visual cortices in the rat.
Authorsvan Groen T, Wyss JM
JournalJ Comp Neurol
PubMed ID1383292
The laterodorsal nucleus (LD) of the thalamus is an important source of thalamic afferents to the limbic cortex, but the topography and lamination of these projections has not been investigated in detail. Using the anterograde transport of Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin and Fluoro-Ruby, the present study demonstrates that in the rat, ... More
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate induces actin-based movement of raft-enriched vesicles through WASP-Arp2/3.
AuthorsRozelle AL, Machesky LM, Yamamoto M, Driessens MH, Insall RH, Roth MG, Luby-Phelps K, Marriott G, Hall A, Yin HL
JournalCurr Biol
PubMed ID10744973
BACKGROUND: Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP(2)) has been implicated in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton and vesicle trafficking. It stimulates de novo actin polymerization by activating the pathway involving the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP) and the actin-related protein complex Arp2/3. Other studies show that actin polymerizes from cholesterol-sphingolipid-rich membrane microdomains called ... More
Sensory and autonomic innervation of the rat eyelid: neuronal origins and peptide phenotypes.
AuthorsSimons E, Smith PG
JournalJ Chem Neuroanat
PubMed ID7802969
Neuronal origins, peptide phenotypes and target distributions were determined for sensory and autonomic nerves projecting to the eyelid. The retrograde tracer, Fluoro-Ruby, was injected into the superior tarsal muscle and meibomian gland of Sprague-Dawley rats. Labelled neurons were observed within the pterygopalatine (31 +/- 6 of a total of 8238 ... More
Application of new technologies to studies of neural crest migration and differentiation.
AuthorsBronner-Fraser M, Fraser SE
JournalAm J Med Genet Suppl
PubMed ID3144984
This review describes the application of new techniques for examining some longstanding questions in the neural crest system concerning pathways of migration, cell lineage decisions, and importance of the extracellular matrix. The first issue examined involves the migratory pathways followed by neural crest cells. In birds, it has been possible ... More
Vaccination for protection of retinal ganglion cells against death from glutamate cytotoxicity and ocular hypertension: implications for glaucoma.
AuthorsSchori H, Kipnis J, Yoles E, WoldeMussie E, Ruiz G, Wheeler LA, Schwartz M
JournalProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
PubMed ID11248090
Our group recently demonstrated that autoimmune T cells directed against central nervous system-associated myelin antigens protect neurons from secondary degeneration. We further showed that the synthetic peptide copolymer 1 (Cop-1), known to suppress experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, can be safely substituted for the natural myelin antigen in both passive and active ... More
Mapping of neural crest pathways in Xenopus laevis using inter- and intra-specific cell markers.
AuthorsKrotoski DM, Fraser SE, Bronner-Fraser M
JournalDev Biol
PubMed ID2452101
This study examines the pathways of migration followed by neural crest cells in Xenopus embryos using two recently described cell marking techniques. The first is an interspecific chimera created by grafting Xenopus borealis cells into Xenopus laevis hosts. The cells of these closely related species can be distinguished by their ... More
Reinnervation by axon collaterals from single facial motoneurons to multiple muscle targets following axotomy in the adult guinea pig.
AuthorsIto M, Kudo M
JournalActa Anat (Basel)
PubMed ID7535503
To study the process of recovery from facial palsy experimentally, the location of cranial motoneurons supplying the posterior belly of the digastric muscle (PDG) and the extratemporal portion of the facial nerve trunk was examined in a double-labeling paradigm using two retrograde tracers in the adult guinea pig of which ... More
Regulation of the polysialylated form of the neural cell adhesion molecule in the developing striatum: effects of cortical lesions.
Early in development, the polysialylated form of the neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM) is expressed by growth cones, neuronal processes, and neuronal cell bodies. In rat striatum, PSA-NCAM expression becomes progressively restricted to pre- and postsynaptic membranes and is undetectable by postnatal day 25 (P25), i.e., after corticostriatal synaptogenesis. This ... More
Selective increase of tumour necrosis factor-alpha in injured and spared myelinated primary afferents after chronic constrictive injury of rat sciatic nerve.
AuthorsSchäfers M, Geis C, Svensson CI, Luo ZD, Sommer C
JournalEur J Neurosci
PubMed ID12603269
Chronic constriction of the sciatic nerve, leading to a hyperalgesic state, results in a partial lesion wherein some axons are injured and others remain intact. Here we sought to characterize reactive changes which occur in DRG cell bodies of injured and uninjured axons projecting to skin and muscle. Using immunohistochemistry ... More
Efficacy of seven retrograde tracers, compared in multiple-labelling studies of feline motoneurones.
AuthorsRichmond FJ, Gladdy R, Creasy JL, Kitamura S, Smits E, Thomson DB
JournalJ Neurosci Methods
PubMed ID7527476
The labelling efficacies of 7 retrograde tracers were evaluated following cut nerve exposure or intramuscular injection into the serially compartmentalized neck muscle, biventer cervicis. Tested tracers included Fast Blue (FB), Fluorogold (FG), dextran conjugated to fluorescein (FD), dextran conjugated to rhodamine (Fluororuby (FR), 3000 and 10,000 MW), fluorescent latex microspheres, ... More
Collateral projections from the supramammillary nucleus to the medial septum and hippocampus.
AuthorsVertes RP, McKenna JT
JournalSynapse
PubMed ID11020231
Previous reports have shown that the supramammillary nucleus projects to the medial septum and to the hippocampus, and specifically to the dentate gyrus and the CA2/CA3a region of the hippocampus. The aim of the present study was to examine collateral projections from the supramammillary nucleus to the septum and hippocampus. ... More
Sialidase enhances spinal axon outgrowth in vivo.
AuthorsYang LJ, Lorenzini I, Vajn K, Mountney A, Schramm LP, Schnaar RL
JournalProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
PubMed ID16847268
The adult CNS is an inhibitory environment for axon outgrowth, severely limiting recovery from traumatic injury. This limitation is due, in part, to endogenous axon regeneration inhibitors (ARIs) that accumulate at CNS injury sites. ARIs include myelin-associated glycoprotein, Nogo, oligodendrocyte-myelin glycoprotein, and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs). Some ARIs bind to ... More
Projections from primary somatosensory cortex to the neostriatum: the role of somatotopic continuity in corticostriatal convergence.
AuthorsHoover JE, Hoffer ZS, Alloway KD
JournalJ Neurophysiol
PubMed ID12611938
We characterized the organization of corticostriatal projections from rodent primary somatosensory cortex (SI), testing the hypothesis that projections from SI areas representing subcomponents of the forelimb exhibit greater neostriatal overlap than projections from areas representing separate body parts. The anterograde tracers Fluoro-Ruby (FR), Alexa Fluor (AF), and biotinylated dextran amine ... More