Using fluorescent dyes for fate mapping, lineage analysis, and axon tracing in the chick embryo.
AuthorsClarke JD
JournalMethods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)
PubMed ID19030810
Partition coefficients of fluorescent probes with phospholipid membranes.
AuthorsHuang ZJ, Haugland RP
JournalBiochem Biophys Res Commun
PubMed ID1958185
'A method for determination of membrane partition coefficients of five fluorescent membrane probes, 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH), p-((6-phenyl)-1,3,5-hexatrienyl) benzoic acid (DPH carboxylic acid), 3-(p-(6-phenyl)-1,3,5-hexatrienyl)phenylpropionic acid (DPH propionic acid), 1-(4-trimethylammoniumphenyl)-6-phenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (TMA-DPH) and N-4-(4-didecylaminostyryl)-N-methylpyridinium iodide (4-di-10-ASP), was developed utilizing the fluorescence enhancement of a constant probe concentration by titration with excess phospholipid liposomes. The ... More
Specific transcellular carbocyanine-labelling of rat retinal microglia during injury-induced neuronal degeneration.
AuthorsThanos S
JournalNeurosci Lett
PubMed ID1881605
'The present work employed a new technique for labelling phagocytizing microglia in the axotomized retinal of adult rats. Transection axotomy was performed within the intraorbital segment of the optic nerve, and the fast-transported, vital fluorescent carbocyanine dyes DiI and 4Di-10ASP were deposited at the ocular stump of the nerve in ... More
A vulnerable period of colchicine toxicity during goldfish optic nerve regeneration.
AuthorsDybowski JA, Heacock AM, Agranoff BW
JournalBrain Res
PubMed ID10526096
'The effects of intraocular (i.o.) administration of the alkaloid colchicine on visual recovery following axotomy of the goldfish optic nerve were investigated. Under the experimental conditions used, control goldfish recovered vision, measured behaviorally, within 5-7 weeks of retro-orbital optic nerve crush. Fish injected i. o. with 0.1 microg of colchicine ... More
Migration of phagocytotic cells and development of the murine intraretinal microglial network: an in vivo study using fluorescent dyes.
AuthorsBodeutsch N, Thanos S
JournalGlia
PubMed ID10975914
'This work was undertaken to study whether retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death, which occurs during postnatal development of the mouse retina could aid in assessing the topological and chronological pattern of microglial cell migration. The study was conducted from postnatal day 0 (P0) to adulthood. The fluorescent dyes Fluorogold (FG) ... More
Dextran amines in neuronal tracing.
AuthorsFritzsch B, Wilm C
JournalTrends Neurosci
PubMed ID1688669
In vivo fibre optic confocal imaging of microvasculature and nerves in the rat vas deferens and colon.
AuthorsPapworth GD, Delaney PM, Bussau LJ, Vo LT, King RG
JournalJ Anat
PubMed ID9723976
A fluorescence confocal microscopy technique was employed to obtain subsurface images of nerve and microvascular structure in the vas deferens and colon of the living rat. The use of dual labelling with vital dyes and 2-channel confocal acquisition allowed differentiation of microscopic structure at both low and higher magnification. Characteristic ... More
Simultaneous labeling of projecting neurons and apoptotic state.
AuthorsNguyen SM, Lieven CJ, Levin LA
JournalJ Neurosci Methods
PubMed ID17184842
We describe a straightforward method that accomplishes both the labeling of projecting neurons and the identification of apoptosis in those neurons. A single dye, 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), is both retrogradely transported and binds DNA. When delivered to the sites of neuronal projections, DAPI travels via retrograde transport from neuronal projections to ... More
Old dyes for new scopes: the phagocytosis-dependent long-term fluorescence labelling of microglial cells in vivo.
AuthorsThanos S, Kacza J, Seeger J, Mey J
JournalTrends Neurosci
PubMed ID7520197
The nature of the interactions between dying neurons and microglial cells within the developing and injured CNS remains controversial. A new technique for labelling microglial cells is available, which enables further studies of such interactions in a direct way. The value of the method relies on retrograde filling of neurons ... More
Transcellular labelling of activated retinal microglia following transection of the optic nerve.
AuthorsKacza J, Seeger J
JournalInflamm Res
PubMed ID9372319
OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: A fluorescence and electron microscopical approach, based on the transection of the rat optic nerve and the axotomy-induced transcellular labelling of activated retinal microglial cells, using the carbocyanine dye 4Di-10ASP, was employed to monitor phagocytosis in the injured central nervous system. After survival times ranging between two ... More
Cell spreading and lamellipodial extension rate is regulated by membrane tension.
AuthorsRaucher D, Sheetz MP
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID10629223
Cell spreading and motility require the extension of the plasma membrane in association with the assembly of actin. In vitro, extension must overcome resistance from tension within the plasma membrane. We report here that the addition of either amphiphilic compounds or fluorescent lipids that expanded the plasma membrane increased the ... More
Effects of increased intraocular pressure on rat retinal ganglion cells.
AuthorsAhmed FA, Chaudhary P, Sharma SC
JournalInt J Dev Neurosci
PubMed ID11255034
The effects of elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) on the morphology of rat retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) was analyzed in this study. After cauterizing two limbal derived episcleral veins, IOP in experimental eyes was elevated 1.5--1.8 times that of control. RGCs of experimental and control eyes were analyzed after: bilateral tectal ... More
Photoreceptor degeneration in the RCS rat attenuates dendritic transport and axonal regeneration of ganglion cells.
AuthorsPavlidis M, Fischer D, Thanos S
JournalInvest Ophthalmol Vis Sci
PubMed ID10892879
PURPOSE: Photoreceptor loss in the Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rat deprives the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) of sensory input, which could interfere with RGC physiology. Whether axonal and dendritic transport is altered, and whether RGCs retain their capacity to regenerate their axons, both in vivo and in culture, was ... More
Glioanatomy assessed by cell-cell interactions and phagocytotic labelling.
AuthorsThanos S, Fischer D, Pavlidis M, Heiduschka P, Bodeutsch N
JournalJ Neurosci Methods
PubMed ID11074094
In the last three decades of research in neuroscience, fluorescent probes have gone from technical tools in the studies of physicochemical reactions, to being versatile tools in developmental neurobiology, neuroanatomy, angiography, neuromorphology, connectivity, cell death and even photodynamic therapy. Fluorescent dyes belong to heterogeneous groups of substances, but the feature ... More
Two factors secreted by the goldfish optic nerve induce retinal ganglion cells to regenerate axons in culture.
AuthorsSchwalb JM, Boulis NM, Gu MF, Winickoff J, Jackson PS, Irwin N, Benowitz LI
JournalJ Neurosci
PubMed ID7643198
Unlike mammals, lower vertebrates can regenerate an injured optic nerve and other pathways of the CNS throughout life. We report here that in dissociated cell culture, goldfish retinal ganglion cells regenerate their axons in response to two factors derived from the sheath cells of the optic nerve. Axogenesis factor 1 ... More
Detection of early neuron degeneration and accompanying microglial responses in the retina of a rat model of glaucoma.
AuthorsNaskar R, Wissing M, Thanos S
JournalInvest Ophthalmol Vis Sci
PubMed ID12202516
PURPOSE: To characterize the early reaction of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in a rat model of glaucoma using in vivo imaging and to examine the involvement of retinal microglia in glaucomatous neuropathy. METHODS: Glaucoma was induced in adult female Sprague-Dawley rats by cauterizing two episcleral veins, which resulted in a ... More
Vaccination for protection of retinal ganglion cells against death from glutamate cytotoxicity and ocular hypertension: implications for glaucoma.
AuthorsSchori H, Kipnis J, Yoles E, WoldeMussie E, Ruiz G, Wheeler LA, Schwartz M
JournalProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
PubMed ID11248090
Our group recently demonstrated that autoimmune T cells directed against central nervous system-associated myelin antigens protect neurons from secondary degeneration. We further showed that the synthetic peptide copolymer 1 (Cop-1), known to suppress experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, can be safely substituted for the natural myelin antigen in both passive and active ... More
Treatment of the adult retina with microglia-suppressing factors retards axotomy-induced neuronal degradation and enhances axonal regeneration in vivo and in vitro.
AuthorsThanos S, Mey J, Wild M
JournalJ Neurosci
PubMed ID7678855
To monitor the cascade of events initiated by injury of adult neurons, and to explore whether and how neighboring microglial cells contribute to the degradation of lesioned neurons, axotomy-induced ganglion cell degeneration was investigated in adult rats. Suppression of macrophage and microglia activity during the weeks following transection of the ... More
Type-specific stabilization and target-dependent survival of regenerating ganglion cells in the retina of adult rats.
AuthorsThanos S, Mey J
JournalJ Neurosci
PubMed ID7869083
Axotomy-induced degradation of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) can be delayed if the destructive features of activated microglial cells are pharmacologically neutralized, and prevented if the axons are permitted to regrow into transplanted autologous peripheral nerve (PN) pieces. This study was undertaken to classify the regenerating rat RGC and to examine ... More
Pathogenic role of retinal microglia in experimental uveoretinitis.
AuthorsRao NA, Kimoto T, Zamir E, Giri R, Wang R, Ito S, Pararajasegaram G, Read RW, Wu GS
JournalInvest Ophthalmol Vis Sci
PubMed ID12506051
PURPOSE: To devise methods for unequivocal identification of activated retinal microglia in experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) and to investigate their role in the development of EAU. METHODS: A group of Lewis rats underwent optic nerve axotomy with the application of N-4-(4-didecylaminostyryl)-N methylpyridinium iodide (4Di-10ASP) at the axotomy site. On days ... More
Changes in axon arrangement in the retinofugal [correction of retinofungal] pathway of mouse embryos: confocal microscopy study using single- and double-dye label.
AuthorsChan SO, Chung KY
JournalJ Comp Neurol
PubMed ID10096609
The changes in quadrant-specific fiber order in the retinofugal pathway of the C57-pigmented mouse aged embryonic day 15 were investigated by using single- (1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethyl-indocarbocyanine perchlorate; DiI) and double- (N-4-4-didecylaminostyryl-N-methylpyridinium iodide; 4Di-10ASP in addition to DiI) labeling techniques. At this earliest stage of development, before any fibers arrive at their targets, ... More
Involvement of inflammation, degradation, and apoptosis in a mouse model of glaucoma.
AuthorsZhou X, Li F, Kong L, Tomita H, Li C, Cao W
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID15985430
Glaucoma is a common cause of blindness affecting at least 66 million people worldwide. Pigmentary glaucoma is one of the most common forms of secondary glaucoma, and its pathogenesis remains unclear. Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is an important regulator of innate and acquired immune responses and plays an important role in inflammatory/autoimmunity ... More