Sorting of lysosomal membrane glycoproteins lamp-1 and lamp-2 into vesicles distinct from mannose 6-phosphate receptor/gamma-adaptin vesicles at the trans-Golgi network.
AuthorsKarlsson K, Carlsson SR
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID9668075
Newly synthesized lysosomal membrane glycoproteins lamp-1 and lamp-2 are primarily sorted at the trans-Golgi network (TGN) by recognition of a tyrosine-based signal sequence in their cytoplasmic tails. It is presently unclear how this signal is recognized and what type of vesicle transports lamp-1 and lamp-2. Here, we describe a method ... More
The polarity of choroid plexus epithelial cells in vitro is improved in serum-free medium.
AuthorsHakvoort A, Haselbach M, Wegener J, Hoheisel D, Galla HJ
JournalJ Neurochem
PubMed ID9721739
The influence of culture conditions on the development of normal characteristics of the choroid plexus epithelium has been investigated in vitro with respect to polarity, barrier properties, transport, and secretory activity. Withdrawal of serum supplement in the culture medium of cells grown on filters caused morphologically visible changes by an ... More
Calmodulin is essential for cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (Cdk4) activity and nuclear accumulation of cyclin D1-Cdk4 during G1.
Although it is known that calmodulin is involved in G1 progression, the calmodulin-dependent G1 events are not well understood. We have analyzed here the role of calmodulin in the activity, the expression, and the intracellular location of proteins involved in G1 progression. The addition of anti-calmodulin drugs to normal rat ... More
Analysis of fluorophore diffusion by continuous distributions of diffusion coefficients: application to photobleaching measurements of multicomponent and anomalous diffusion.
AuthorsPeriasamy N, Verkman AS
JournalBiophys J
PubMed ID9649418
Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) is widely used to measure fluorophore diffusion in artificial solutions and cellular compartments. Two new strategies to analyze FRAP data were investigated theoretically and applied to complex systems with anomalous diffusion or multiple diffusing species: 1) continuous distributions of diffusion coefficients, alpha(D), and 2) time-dependent ... More
Activation of both MAP kinase and phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase by Ras is required for hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor-induced adherens junction disassembly.
AuthorsPotempa S, Ridley AJ
JournalMol Biol Cell
PubMed ID9693375
Hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) stimulates the motility of epithelial cells, initially inducing centrifugal spreading of colonies followed by disruption of cell-cell junctions and subsequent cell scattering. In Madin-Darby canine kidney cells, HGF/SF-induced motility involves actin reorganization mediated by Ras, but whether Ras and downstream signals regulate the breakdown of ... More
Regulation of the Ca2+ sensitivity of exocytosis by Rab3a.
AuthorsJohannes L, Lledo PM, Chameau P, Vincent JD, Henry JP, Darchen F
JournalJ Neurochem
PubMed ID9721737
Ca2+ ions trigger the release of hormones and neurotransmitters and contribute to making the secretory vesicles competent for fusion. Here, we present evidence for the involvement of the GTP-binding protein Rab3a in the sensitivity of the exocytotic process to internal [Ca2+]. The secretory activity of bovine adrenal chromaffin cells was ... More
Fluorescence-imaging assay for cytotoxic plaque formation and for growth toward confluency of adherent cells.
AuthorsGericke G, Benoit N, Orndorff KA, Givan AL, Ericson SG
JournalCytometry
PubMed ID9725557
A nondestructive fluorescence-imaging assay is described for quantitating the number and size of plaques formed over time by cytotoxic effector cells in a monolayer of target cells. It can also be used to assay the growth of adherent cells toward confluence. The method involves the use of fluorescein conjugated to ... More
Interaction of very late antigen-4 with VCAM-1 supports transendothelial chemotaxis of monocytes by facilitating lateral migration.
AuthorsWeber C, Springer TA
JournalJ Immunol
PubMed ID9862714
The transient regulation of very late antigen (VLA)-4 avidity by CC chemokines may promote chemotaxis of monocytes across VCAM-1-bearing barriers, whereas late and prolonged activation of VLA-5 may mediate subsequent localization in the extracellular matrix. We demonstrate that interactions of VLA-4 with VCAM-1, fibronectin, or a 40-kDa fragment but not ... More
BCL-2 blocks perforin-induced nuclear translocation of granzymes concomitant with protection against the nuclear events of apoptosis.
AuthorsJans DA, Sutton VR, Jans P, Froelich CJ, Trapani JA
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID9933585
Cytolytic granule-mediated target cell killing is effected in part through the synergistic action of the membrane-acting protein perforin and serine proteases such as granzymes (Gr) A and B. In this study, we examine the subcellular distribution of granzymes in the presence of perforin and the induction of apoptosis in mouse ... More
Partition and permeation of dextran in polyacrylamide gel.
AuthorsWilliams JC, Mark LA, Eichholtz S
JournalBiophys J
PubMed ID9649411
Partition of sized FITC-dextrans in polyacrylamide gel showed a relationship between Kav and solute radius as predicted by the theory of Ogston, which is based solely on geometry of the spaces. Permeability data for the same dextrans were fit to several theories, including those based on geometry and those based ... More
Differential uptake of dextran beads by astrocytes, macrophages and oligodendrocytes in mixed glial-cell cultures from brains of neonatal rats.
AuthorsTansey FA, Cammer W
JournalNeurosci Lett
PubMed ID9654333
The present study addresses a controversy over the abilities of astrocytes to perform phagocytosis. Primary glial-cell cultures were prepared from the brains of neonatal rats and were incubated with fluorescently-labeled dextran beads (molecular weights approximately 10 and approximately 40 kDa). Astrocytes and oligodendrocytes were double-labeled by immunofluorescence staining of cell-specific ... More
A study of vascular response to thermal injury on hairless mice by fibre optic confocal imaging, laser doppler flowmetry and conventional histology.
AuthorsVo LT, Papworth GD, Delaney PM, Barkla DH, King RG
JournalBurns
PubMed ID9688196
Burn injury causes vascular thrombosis and occlusion by thermal damage to the vascular network in the dermis. In this study, fibre optic confocal imaging (FOCI) and laser doppler flowmetry were used to detect changes in vascular morphology and local dermal blood flux over 4 h, in three defined zones after ... More
Three populations of mouse lymph node dendritic cells with different origins and dynamics.
AuthorsSalomon B, Cohen JL, Masurier C, Klatzmann D
JournalJ Immunol
PubMed ID9551906
We have identified three distinct populations of mouse lymph node dendritic cells (DC) that differ in their capacity to uptake Ag delivered by different routes, and in their dynamics. The "I-DCs" are large cells that resemble the interdigitating cells and have a mature phenotype and a slow turnover. They derive ... More
Translational diffusion of macromolecule-sized solutes in cytoplasm and nucleus.
AuthorsSeksek O, Biwersi J, Verkman AS
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID9214387
Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) was used to quantify the translational diffusion of microinjected FITC-dextrans and Ficolls in the cytoplasm and nucleus of MDCK epithelial cells and Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts. Absolute diffusion coefficients (D) were measured using a microsecond-resolution FRAP apparatus and solution standards. In aqueous media (viscosity 1 cP), ... More
Flow cytometric analysis of vesicular pH in rat hepatocytes after ethanol administration.
We examined the effect of ethanol administration on intravesicular pH in intact hepatocytes by applying a flow cytometric technique to detect fluorescein-isothiocyanate-dextran (FITC-dextran) in acidic vesicles. Rats were pair-fed liquid diets containing either ethanol or isocaloric carbohydrate for 1 to 5 weeks. Our study showed that ethanol administration increased the ... More
Mechanical deformation promotes secretion of IL-1 alpha and IL-1 receptor antagonist.
Both IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta lack an N terminus secretory sequence, and the mechanism of secretion of these pleiotropic cytokines is incompletely understood. The epidermis contains large quantities of IL-1 alpha in keratinocytes, which may play a role in inducing endothelial adhesion molecules and promoting extravasation of leukocytes. Here ... More
Homologous chromosome pairing in Drosophila melanogaster proceeds through multiple independent initiations.
AuthorsFung JC, Marshall WF, Dernburg A, Agard DA, Sedat JW
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID9531544
The dynamics by which homologous chromosomes pair is currently unknown. Here, we use fluorescence in situ hybridization in combination with three-dimensional optical microscopy to show that homologous pairing of the somatic chromosome arm 2L in Drosophila occurs by independent initiation of pairing at discrete loci rather than by a processive ... More
Hypotonically loaded rat erythrocytes deliver encapsulated substances into peritoneal macrophages.
AuthorsAlvarez FJ, Jordán JA, Herráez A, DÃez JC, Tejedor MC
JournalJ Biochem (Tokyo)
PubMed ID9538197
Previous work has shown increased uptake of hypotonically loaded rat RBCs by the spleen and liver "in vivo," suggesting that the cells of MPS are involved in their elimination from the circulation. In order to elucidate the mechanism of such elimination, we have undertaken studies on the interaction of such ... More
A highly sensitive model for quantification of in vivo tumor angiogenesis induced by alginate-encapsulated tumor cells.
AuthorsHoffmann J, Schirner M, Menrad A, Schneider MR
JournalCancer Res
PubMed ID9288798
A remarkable approach to a specific tumor angiogenesis model in vivo is the use of alginate implants encapsulating tumor cells. However, this previously reported approach has often been questioned because of doubts regarding the relevance of hemoglobin at the alginate implant as a parameter of vascularization. In the present investigation, ... More
Homotypic lysosome fusion in macrophages: analysis using an in vitro assay.
AuthorsWard DM, Leslie JD, Kaplan J
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID9348283
Lysosomes are dynamic structures capable of fusing with endosomes as well as other lysosomes. We examined the biochemical requirements for homotypic lysosome fusion in vitro using lysosomes obtained from rabbit alveolar macrophages or the cultured macrophage-like cell line, J774E. The in vitro assay measures the formation of a biotinylated HRP-avidin ... More
Specification of the zebrafish nervous system by nonaxial signals.
AuthorsWoo K, Fraser SE
JournalScience
PubMed ID9211857
The organizer of the amphibian gastrula provides the neurectoderm with both neuralizing and posteriorizing (transforming) signals. In zebrafish, transplantations show that a spatially distinct transformer signal emanates from tissues other than the organizer. Cells of the germring (nonaxial mesendoderm) posteriorized forebrain progenitors when grafted nearby, resulting in an ectopic hindbrain-like ... More
High microvascular endothelial water permeability in mouse lung measured by a pleural surface fluorescence method.
AuthorsCarter EP, Olveczky BP, Matthay MA, Verkman AS
JournalBiophys J
PubMed ID9545071
Transport of water between the capillary and airspace compartments in lung encounters serial barriers: the alveolar epithelium, interstitium, and capillary endothelium. We previously reported a pleural surface fluorescence method to measure net capillary-to-airspace water transport. To measure the osmotic water permeability across the microvascular endothelial barrier in intact lung, the ... More
Far-field fluorescence microscopy with three-dimensional resolution in the 100-nm range.
AuthorsHell SW, Schrader M, van der Voort HT
JournalJ Microsc
PubMed ID9263436
We report three-dimensional (3D) microscopy with nearly isotropic resolution in the lambda/5-lambda/10 range. Our approach combines 4PI-confocal two-photon fluorescence microscopy with image restoration. The 3D resolution is demonstrated with densely clustered beads as well as with F-actin fibers in mouse fibroblast cells. A comparison with unrestored two-photon confocal images reveals ... More
Docosahexaenoic acid exhibits a potent protection of small intestine from methotrexate-induced damage in mice.
AuthorsHorie T, Nakamaru M, Masubuchi Y
JournalLife Sci
PubMed ID9566775
Oral administration of methotrexate (MTX) to mice causes the damage of small intestine. The permeability of poorly absorbable compound fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled dextran (average molecular weight, 4,400) through the small intestine was studied in vitro using everted segments of the small intestine. The permeability of FITC-dextran increased remarkably in the ... More
Effect of helicobacter pylori vacuolating toxin on maturation and extracellular release of procathepsin D and on epidermal growth factor degradation.
AuthorsSatin B, Norais N, Telford J, Rappuoli R, Murgia M, Montecucco C, Papini E
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID9312109
The effect of vacuolating toxin (VacA) from Helicobacter pylori on endosomal and lysosomal functions was studied by following procathepsin D maturation and epidermal growth factor (EGF) degradation in HeLa cells exposed to the toxin. VacA inhibited the conversion of procathepsin D (53 kDa) into both the intermediate (47 kDa) and ... More
Hyperplasia of lymphatic vessels in VEGF-C transgenic mice.
AuthorsJeltsch M, Kaipainen A, Joukov V, Meng X, Lakso M, Rauvala H, Swartz M, Fukumura D, Jain RK, Alitalo K
JournalScience
PubMed ID9162011
No growth factors specific for the lymphatic vascular system have yet been described. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) regulates vascular permeability and angiogenesis, but does not promote lymphangiogenesis. Overexpression of VEGF-C, a ligand of the VEGF receptors VEGFR-3 and VEGFR-2, in the skin of transgenic mice resulted in lymphatic, but ... More
Nicotine impairs histamine-induced increases in macromolecular efflux: role of oxygen radicals.
AuthorsMayhan WG, Sharpe GM
JournalJ Appl Physiol
PubMed ID9572803
Nicotine, a major component of cigarettes and smokeless tobacco, has toxic effects on endothelium and impairs reactivity of resistance arterioles in response to agonists that stimulate the synthesis and/or release of nitric oxide. However, the effect of nicotine on nitric oxide synthase-dependent increases in macromolecular transport is not known. Thus ... More
Sequence and overexpression of GPP130/GIMPc: evidence for saturable pH-sensitive targeting of a type II early Golgi membrane protein.
AuthorsLinstedt AD, Mehta A, Suhan J, Reggio H, Hauri HP
JournalMol Biol Cell
PubMed ID9201717
It is thought that residents of the Golgi stack are localized by a retention mechanism that prevents their forward progress. Nevertheless, some early Golgi proteins acquire late Golgi modifications. Herein, we describe GPP130 (Golgi phosphoprotein of 130 kDa), a 130-kDa phosphorylated and glycosylated integral membrane protein localized to the cis/medial ... More
Subcellular distribution and targeting of the intracellular chloride channel p64.
p64 is an intracellular chloride channel originally identified in bovine kidney microsomes. Using a combination of immunofluorescent and electron microscopic technique, we demonstrate that p64 resides in the limiting membranes of perinuclear dense core vesicles which appear to be regulated secretory vesicles. Heterologous expression of p64 in PancI cells, a ... More
Ovalbumin increases macromolecular efflux from the in situ nasal mucosa of allergic hamsters.
AuthorsGao XP, Akhter SR, Rubinstein I
JournalJ Appl Physiol
PubMed ID9451632
The purpose of this study was to determine whether bradykinin mediates ovalbumin-induced increase in macromolecular efflux from the nasal mucosa of ovalbumin-sensitized hamsters in vivo and, if so, whether the L-arginine/nitric oxide biosynthetic pathway transduces, in part, this response. We found that suffusion of ovalbumin onto the in situ nasal ... More
Enhanced invasion of Tyzzer's organism into cultured mouse hepatocytes by cytochalasin D.
AuthorsKawamura S, Yoshikawa Y, Fujiwara K
JournalFEMS Microbiol Lett
PubMed ID9495019
The effects of cytoskeleton inhibitors on the invasion of Tyzzer's organism, an obligate intracellular bacterium, into cultured mouse hepatocytes were examined by double immunofluorescence observation and plaque assay. The two techniques gave comparable results. Invasion of bacteria was significantly enhanced by cytochalasin D, a microfilament disrupting drug, and markedly suppressed ... More
Involvement of p21racA, phosphoinositide 3-kinase, and vacuolar ATPase in phagocytosis of bacteria and erythrocytes by Entamoeba histolytica: suggestive evidence for coincidental evolution of amebic invasiveness.
AuthorsGhosh SK, Samuelson J
JournalInfect Immun
PubMed ID9317033
Trophozoites of Entamoeba histolytica, the protozoan parasite that causes amebic dysentery, phagocytose bacteria in the colonic lumen and erythrocytes (RBC) in host tissues. Because tissue invasion is an evolutionary dead end, it is likely that amebic pathogenicity is coincidentally selected, i.e., the same methods used to kill bacteria in the ... More
Effect of lipopolysaccharide on the permeability and reactivity of the cerebral microcirculation: role of inducible nitric oxide synthase.
AuthorsMayhan WG
JournalBrain Res
PubMed ID9593993
The goal of this study was to examine the effect of lipopoly saccharide on the permeability of the blood-brain barrier and reactivity of cerebral arterioles. We examined the pial microcirculation in rats using intravital fluorescence microscopy. Permeability of the blood-brain barrier (clearance of fluorescent-labeled dextran; molecular weight 10,000 Da; FITC-dextran-10K) ... More
Essential amino acids for substrate binding and catalysis of human flap endonuclease 1.
AuthorsShen B, Nolan JP, Sklar LA, Park MS
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID8621570
Human flap endonuclease 1 (FEN-1) is a member of the structure-specific endonuclease family and is involved in DNA repair. Eight restrictively conserved amino acids in FEN-1 have been converted individually to an alanine to elucidate their roles in specific DNA substrate binding and catalysis. Flap endonuclease activity of the wild ... More
Ligand-induced growth cone collapse: amplification and blockade by variant GAP-43 peptides.
AuthorsIgarashi M, Li WW, Sudo Y, Fishman MC
JournalJ Neurosci
PubMed ID7643208
Growth cones are powerful amplifiers for signals from the microenvironment. Their collapse can be triggered by cell surface components of myelin and brain membranes, as well as by soluble ligands, including neurotransmitters. GAP-43 is a protein concentrated on the inner surface of the growth cone membrane. Assayed in isolation, it ... More
Extracellular activities of human granzyme A. Monocyte activation by granzyme A versus alpha-thrombin.
AuthorsSower LE, Froelich CJ, Allegretto N, Rose PM, Hanna WD, Klimpel GR
JournalJ Immunol
PubMed ID8786323
Granzymes, serine proteases located in the granules of cytotoxic T cel ls and NK cells, are essential for induction of target cell apoptosis. However, since cytotoxic cells constitutively secrete a portion of their synthesized granzymes, these proteases could mediate extracellular functions independent of their role in the lytic event. Thrombin, ... More
Commitment of CNS progenitors along the dorsoventral axis of Drosophila neuroectoderm.
AuthorsUdolph G, Lüer K, Bossing T, Technau GM
JournalScience
PubMed ID7652576
In the Drosophila embryo, the central nervous system (CNS) develops from a population of neural stem cells (neuroblasts) and midline progenitor cells. Here, the fate and extent of determination of CNS progenitors along the dorsoventral axis was assayed. Dorsal neuroectodermal cells transplanted into the ventral neuroectoderm or into the midline ... More
Biotin-dextran: fast retrograde tracing of sciatic nerve motoneurons.
AuthorsTodorova N, Rodziewicz GS
JournalJ Neurosci Methods
PubMed ID8618412
We present evidence that biotin-dextran (BD) provides good fast retrograde tracing in the rat sciatic nerve. Using BD injected distal to a crush injury of either tibial or common peroneal nerves, spinal cord motoneuron counts after 48 h compare favorably with counts obtained using horseradish peroxidase. Advantages of BD include ... More
Virus-mediated release of endosomal content in vitro: different behavior of adenovirus and rhinovirus serotype 2.
AuthorsPrchla E, Plank C, Wagner E, Blaas D, Fuchs R
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID7559769
Endosomal penetration by nonenveloped viruses might be accomplished by either local breakdown of the endosomal membrane (e.g., adenovirus) or formation of a membrane-spanning pore by capsid proteins. Uncoating of the nonenveloped virus human rhinovirus serotype 2 (HRV2) has been shown to occur from late endosomes and to be entirely dependent ... More
The stable VIP analogue, Ro 24-9981, potentiates bradykinin-induced increases in clearance of macromolecules.
AuthorsGao XP, Rubinstein I
JournalAm J Physiol
PubMed ID7503261
The purpose of this study was to determine whether the stable cyclic peptide analogue of human vasoactive intestinal peptide, Ro 24-9981, modulates bradykinin-induced plasma exudation in the oral mucosa and if so, to determine the mechanisms that mediated these responses. Using intravital microscopy, we found that suffusion of Ro 24-9981 ... More
Selective trafficking of KNOTTED1 homeodomain protein and its mRNA through plasmodesmata.
Plasmodesmata are intercellular organelles in plants that establish cytoplasmic continuity between neighboring cells. Microinjection studies showed that plasmodesmata facilitate the cell-to-cell transport of a plant-encoded transcription factor, KNOTTED1 (KN1). KN1 can also mediate the selective plasmodesmal trafficking of kn1 sense RNA. The emerging picture of plant development suggests that cell ... More
Durable elimination of high affinity, T cell-dependent antibodies by low molecular weight antigen arrays in vivo.
AuthorsSymer DE, Reim J, Dintzis RZ, Voss EW, Dintzis HM
JournalJ Immunol
PubMed ID7499844
Ongoing Ab responses to a T cell-dependent Ag can be suppressed in hyperimmune animals by exogenous, multivalent Ag arrays. The pharmacologic basis for this suppression was studied by varying the molecular mass, ligand valence, and dose of Ag arrays, and then determining their efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and tissue distribution. Arrays ranging ... More
A mutation in glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase alters endocytosis in CHO cells.
AuthorsRobbins AR, Ward RD, Oliver C
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID7657694
The CHO cell mutant FD 1.3.25 exhibits both increased accumulation and altered distribution of endocytosed fluid phase tracers. Neither the rate of tracer internalization nor the kinetics of recycling from early endosomes was affected, but exocytosis from late endocytic compartments appeared to be decreased in the mutant. Endocytosed tracer moved ... More
Efferent projections from the retrochiasmatic area to the median eminence and to the pars nervosa of the hypophysis with special reference to the A15 dopaminergic cell group in the sheep.
Anterograde tracers, viz. Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin and fluorescein dextran, were used in conjunction with tyrosine hydroxylase immunohistochemistry to study the projections of the A15 dopaminergic cell group towards the median eminence and pituitary in sheep. After injection of the tracers in the retrochiasmatic area, which contains the cell group A15, ... More
Effect of theophylline administered intratracheally as a dry powder formulation on bronchospasm and airway microvascular leakage in the anesthetized guinea-pig.
AuthorsRaeburn D, Woodman VR
JournalPulm Pharmacol
PubMed ID7542509
The effect of theophylline (a non-selective phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor), dosed intratracheally (it) as a dry powder, on histamine- and platelet activating factor (Paf)-induced bronchospasm and antigen (ovalbumin, OA)-, histamine- and Paf-induced microvascular leakage (MVL) in the airways, was studied in the anaesthetized guinea-pig. Bronchospasm was measured as the increase in ... More
Topographical organization in the nucleus accumbens of afferents from the basolateral amygdala and efferents to the lateral hypothalamus.
AuthorsKirouac GJ, Ganguly PK
JournalNeuroscience
PubMed ID7675191
The basolateral region of the amygdala and the lateral hypothalamic area are involved in cardiovascular regulation. The aim of the present investigation was to determine if the terminal field of afferent projections from the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala to the nucleus accumbens overlap with the origin of the efferent ... More
Subcutaneous injection of a cyclic peptide antagonist of vitronectin receptor-type integrins inhibits retinal neovascularization.
AuthorsHammes HP, Brownlee M, Jonczyk A, Sutter A, Preissner KT
JournalNat Med
PubMed ID8616710
Retinal neovascularization is a major cause of blindness in such disorders as retinopathy of prematurity, proliferative diabetic retinopathy and senile macular degeneration. Because ligation of vitronectin receptor-type integrins appears to be required for the survival and maturation of newly formed but not quiescent blood vessels in several vascular beds including ... More
Fluorometric measurement of light absorption by the rabbit cornea.
AuthorsMaurice DM, Srinivas SP
JournalExp Eye Res
PubMed ID7523159
A bench specular microscope, modified to perform as a scanning microfluorometer, was used to make simple and precise measurements of the absorption of visible light by the isolated rabbit cornea. The tissue was scanned while identical FITC dextran solutions were perfused over both the surfaces, and the measured fluorescence levels ... More
The calmodulin antagonist, W-13, alters transcytosis, recycling, and the morphology of the endocytic pathway in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells.
AuthorsApodaca G, Enrich C, Mostov KE
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID7913467
The effect of the calmodulin antagonist N-(4-aminobutyl)-5-chloro-2-naphthalenesulfonamide (W-13) on the endosomal system of Madin-Darby canine kidney cells was assessed. W-13 inhibited receptor-mediated IgA transcytosis, recycling of transferrin, and caused all material endocytosed from both surfaces of the cell to be delivered to exceptionally large, novel endosomal structures, which appear to ... More
Rat liver endocytic coated vesicles do not exhibit ATP-dependent acidification in vitro.
AuthorsFuchs R, Ellinger A, Pavelka M, Mellman I, Klapper H
JournalProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
PubMed ID8197139
Coated vesicle fractions from a variety of tissues have been found to contain a vacuolar proton ATPase. Since these fractions contain both plasma membrane- and Golgi-derived coated vesicles, we sought to determine specifically whether endocytic coated vesicles from rat liver contain an active vacuolar proton ATPase. Endocytic vesicles (coated vesicles ... More
The use of fluorescent dextrans as a marker of sarcolemmal injury.
AuthorsCarter GT, Kikuchi N, Horasek SJ, Walsh SA
JournalHistol Histopathol
PubMed ID7526906
We investigated the use of intravenously injected fluorescent dextran molecules (FDx) as a histological marker of sarcolemmal injury. Using fluorescent microscopy, uptake of FDx (average MW 10 kD) was assessed in sections of quadriceps muscles from three models: 1) normal (C57BL/10SnJ) mice, 2) normal mice run downhill (0, 3, and ... More
Reconstituted nuclei depleted of a vertebrate GLFG nuclear pore protein, p97, import but are defective in nuclear growth and replication.
AuthorsPowers MA, Macaulay C, Masiarz FR, Forbes DJ
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID7876300
Xenopus egg extracts provide a powerful system for in vitro reconstitution of nuclei and analysis of nuclear transport. Such cell-free extracts contain three major N-acetylglucosaminylated proteins: p200, p97, and p60. Both p200 and p60 have been found to be components of the nuclear pore. Here, the role of p97 has ... More
Pulse-first heterofusion of cells by electric field pulses and associated loading of macromolecules into mammalian cells.
Exposing cells to brief, high-intensity electrical field pulses can lead to the permeabilization of their plasma membranes. This electro-induced permeated state of the cell membrane is reversible and leads to cell fusion; i.e., the electropermeabilized state if fusogenic. The size of cells intended for fusing, however, limits the obtention of ... More
Clathrin heavy chain functions in sorting and secretion of lysosomal enzymes in Dictyostelium discoideum.
The clathrin heavy chain is a major component of clathrin-coated vesicles that function in selective membrane traffic in eukaryotic cells. We disrupted the clathrin heavy chain gene (chcA) in Dictyostelium discoideum to generate a stable clathrin heavy chain-deficient cell line. Measurement of pinocytosis in the clathrin-minus mutant revealed a four-to ... More
Possible mechanisms for the inhibitory effect of Ruscus extract on increased microvascular permeability induced by histamine in hamster cheek pouch.
AuthorsBouskela E, Cyrino FZ, Marcelon G
JournalJ Cardiovasc Pharmacol
PubMed ID7526061
Extract of Ruscus aculeatus is used in treatment of venous insufficiency. In the present study, we used the hamster cheek pouch preparation and investigated in vivo the effects of an alpha 1 and alpha 2 adrenoceptor antagonists, a calcium blocker, Ruscus extract, and their combination on increased microvascular permeability induced ... More
Ponticulin is the major high affinity link between the plasma membrane and the cortical actin network in Dictyostelium.
AuthorsHitt AL, Hartwig JH, Luna EJ
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID8089176
Interactions between the plasma membrane and underlying actin-based cortex have been implicated in membrane organization and stability, the control of cell shape, and various motile processes. To ascertain the function of high affinity actin-membrane associations, we have disrupted by homologous recombination the gene encoding ponticulin, the major high affinity actin-membrane ... More
Computerised image analysis in conjunction with fluorescence microscopy for the study of blood-brain barrier permeability in vivo.
AuthorsFindling A, Schilling L, Bultmann A, Wahl M
JournalPflugers Arch
PubMed ID7520160
The present paper describes a new method using computerised image analysis techniques for quantification of tracer extravasation over the blood-brain barrier as studied by intravital fluorescence microscopy. Cats were equipped with an open cranial window and continuously infused with fluorescein isothiocyanate-labelled dextran (FITC-dextran, mol. wt. 70,000) to maintain a steady ... More
Transient arrest of 3T3 cells in mitosis and inhibition of nuclear lamin reassembly around chromatin induced by anti-vimentin antibodies.
AuthorsKouklis PD, Merdes A, Papamarcaki T, Georgatos SD
JournalEur J Cell Biol
PubMed ID7925481
We have microinjected anti-vimentin antibodies into nocodazole-arrested, prometaphasic 3T3 cells. Exit of injected and control cells from mitosis has been assessed at various time points after release from nocodazole by examining the distribution of nuclear lamins, the degree of chromatin condensation and the appearance of daughter cells. It is shown ... More
Characterization of very acidic phagosomes in breast cancer cells and their association with invasion.
AuthorsMontcourrier P, Mangeat PH, Valembois C, Salazar G, Sahuquet A, Duperray C, Rochefort H
JournalJ Cell Sci
PubMed ID7844158
Human metastatic breast cancer cells in culture contain large acidic vesicles (diameter 5-10 microns) in which endocytosed extracellular matrix can be digested by activated lysosomal proteinases such as cathepsin D (P. Montcourrier et al. (1990). Cancer Res. 50, 6045-6054). We examined these large compartments by transmission electron microscopy, measured their ... More
Overexpression of a potassium channel gene perturbs neural differentiation.
AuthorsJones SM, Ribera AB
JournalJ Neurosci
PubMed ID8182440
Functional regulation of potassium currents in developing neurons is pivotal for changes in excitability and action potential waveform. Here, we test whether an excess of potassium channel transcripts is sufficient to drive functional expression of potassium current and shortening of the duration of the action potential. Injection of Shaker-like potassium ... More
Inhibition of contractile vacuole function in vivo by antibodies against myosin-I.
Myosin-I is thought to supply the force for movement of cell membranes relative to actin filaments (reviewed in refs 1, 2), but confirmation of this hypothesis has been difficult because of the presence of multiple isoforms of myosin-I and other unconventional myosins in most cells. We report here the first ... More
A Chinese hamster ovary cell line with a temperature-conditional defect in receptor recycling is pleiotropically defective in lysosome biogenesis.
AuthorsWilson RB, Mastick CC, Murphy RF
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID8244967
We have previously described the isolation of a Chinese hamster ovary cell line, TfT1.11, that has a pleiotropic, temperature-conditional defect in receptor recycling (Cain, C. C., Wilson, R. B., and Murphy, R. F. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266, 11746-11752). These cells show a rapid loss of cell surface receptors upon ... More
Flow cytometric assay of pinocytosis: correlation with membrane ruffling and metastatic potential in the Dunning R-3327 rat prostatic adenocarcinoma model.
AuthorsMohler JL, Sharief Y
JournalCytometry
PubMed ID8243212
Membrane ruffling has been associated with neoplastic transformation, Harvey ras expression, and metastatic capability. In the Dunning R-3327 rat prostatic adenocarcinoma model, membrane ruffling graded visually upon live cultured cells filmed by time-lapse video-microscopy has distinguished sublines of high and low metastatic potential. Fluid-phase pinocytosis is a constitutive, noninducible internalization ... More
The influence of endosome-disruptive peptides on gene transfer using synthetic virus-like gene transfer systems.
AuthorsPlank C, Oberhauser B, Mechtler K, Koch C, Wagner E
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID8175709
The process by which viruses destabilize endosomal membranes in an acidification-dependent manner has been mimicked with synthetic peptides that are able to disrupt liposomes, erythrocytes, or endosomes of cultured cells. Peptides containing the 20 amino-terminal amino acid sequence of influenza virus hemagglutinin as well as acidic derivatives showed erythrocyte lysis ... More
A neurochemically distinct third channel in the macaque dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus.
AuthorsHendry SH, Yoshioka T
JournalScience
PubMed ID8160015
The primate visual system is often divided into two channels, designated M and P, whose signals are relayed to the cerebral cortex by neurons in the magnocellular and parvicellular layers of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus. We have identified a third population of geniculocortical neurons in the dorsal lateral geniculate ... More
Measurement of microhemodynamics in the ventilated rabbit lung by intravital fluorescence microscopy.
AuthorsKuhnle GE, Leipfinger FH, Goetz AE
JournalJ Appl Physiol
PubMed ID8482691
Pulmonary microhemodynamic parameters were directly measured along with systemic pressures and cardiac output in the ventilated rabbit lung. Subpleural arterioles and venules ranging from 10 to 35 microns luminal diameter were investigated under zone 2 conditions, i.e., during inspiratory plateau at an airway pressure of 8 mmHg. Mean arteriolar and ... More
In vivo fluorescence microscopy of microcirculation in the renal cortex of mice. Part V. Effects of mannitol and iohexol infusions in normal, obese/hyperglycemic and diabetic mice.
AuthorsHögström B, Hietala SO, Rooth P
JournalActa Radiol
PubMed ID8172747
In vivo fluorescence microscopy was used in experimental studies of renal cortical microcirculation in mice. The effects of i.v. infusions of mannitol and iohexol were studied in normal and obese/hyperglycemic mice and in mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus. All infusions produced marked effects on the distribution and velocity of cortical ... More
Characterization of lysosomes isolated from Dictyostelium discoideum by magnetic fractionation.
AuthorsRodriguez-Paris JM, Nolta KV, Steck TL
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID7682559
Superparamagnetic particles were prepared with iron oxide cores of congruent to 8 nm diameter and dextran coats. After feeding the probe to the amoeba, Dictyostelium discoideum, for 15 min and chasing for 15 min, a lysosome fraction was isolated magnetically. Isolates contained 76% of ingested iron, 82% of ingested fluorescent ... More
Kinetics of endosomal pH evolution in Dictyostelium discoideum amoebae. Study by fluorescence spectroscopy.
AuthorsAubry L, Klein G, Martiel JL, Satre M
JournalJ Cell Sci
PubMed ID7691851
The evolution of endo-lysosomal pH in Dictyostelium discoideum amoebae was examined during fluid-phase endocytosis. Pulse-chase experiments were conducted in nutritive medium or in non-nutritive medium using fluorescein labelled dextran (FITC-dextran) as fluid-phase marker and pH probe. In both conditions, efflux kinetics were characterized by an extended lag phase lasting for ... More
Mechanisms of T-kinin-induced increases in macromolecule extravasation in vivo.
AuthorsGao XP, Mayhan WG, Conlon JM, Rennard SI, Rubinstein I
JournalJ Appl Physiol
PubMed ID7690021
The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanisms that mediate T-kinin- (Ile-Ser-bradykinin) induced increases in macromolecule extravasation in the hamster cheek pouch. Changes in plasma extravasation were quantified by counting the number of leaky sites and calculating the clearance of fluorescein isothiocyanate- (FITC) dextran (mol mass = 70 ... More
Effect of reactive oxygen species on lysosomal membrane integrity. A study on a lysosomal fraction.
AuthorsZdolsek JM, Svensson I
JournalVirchows Arch B Cell Pathol Incl Mol Pathol
PubMed ID8148962
Using a lysosome-enriched "light mitochondrial" fraction of a rat liver homogenate, the effects of the reactive oxygen species hydrogen peroxide, superoxide- and hydroxyl radicals were determined. Alterations in the intralysosomal pH and the release of a lysosomal marker enzyme, N-acetyl-glucosaminidase, were used as indicators of changes in the lysosomal membrane ... More
Segmental patterning of rat and chicken sympathetic preganglionic neurons: correlation between soma position and axon projection pathway.
AuthorsForehand CJ, Ezerman EB, Rubin E, Glover JC
JournalJ Neurosci
PubMed ID8283234
The segmental organization of midthoracic rat and chicken sympathetic preganglionic neurons was examined by retrograde labeling in vivo and in vitro. The results demonstrate that individual sympathetic preganglionic neurons project only rostrally or caudally within the sympathetic chain, even though the spinal segment in which they reside provides innervation to ... More
A comparison of techniques for introducing macromolecules into living cells.
Flow cytometry has been used to evaluate several techniques for introducing macromolecules into large numbers of living cells. One technique is cell fusion with red blood cell ghosts loaded with a fluorescent reporter molecule (RBCF). The second technique, termed osmotic lysis of pinosomes (OLP), involves a brief exposure of cells ... More
Prevention of vertebrate neuronal death by the crmA gene.
Interleukin-1 beta converting enzyme (ICE) is a mammalian homolog of CED-3, a protein required for programmed cell death in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. The activity of ICE can be specifically inhibited by the product of crmA, a cytokine response modifier gene encoded by cowpox virus. Microinjection of the crmA gene ... More
Effects of local mast cell degranulation on vascular permeability to macromolecules.
AuthorsGrega GJ, Adamski SW
JournalMicrocirc Endothelium Lymphatics
PubMed ID1726114
The suffused noneverted cheek pouch of pentobarbital anesthetized hamsters was used to study the effects of localized, selective mast cell degranulation on vascular permeability. Fluorescein isothiocynate dextran (FITC-D, 70,000 Da) was utilized as a tracer, and intra-vital light microscopy was employed to monitor the formation of vascular leakage sites while ... More
Cell penetration of diphtheria toxin. Reduction of the interchain disulfide bridge is the rate-limiting step of translocation in the cytosol.
AuthorsPapini E, Rappuoli R, Murgia M, Montecucco C
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID8420931
The pathway of cell penetration of diphtheria toxin (DT) was studied in Vero cells by following the kinetics of uptake, reduction, degradation, and sub-cellular distribution of 125I-DT in the absence or presence of bafilomycin A1 (baf-A1), a powerful inhibitor of the endosomal H(+)-ATPase. After a lag phase of 4 min, ... More
The cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator is present and functional in endosomes. Role as a determinant of endosomal pH.
AuthorsLukacs GL, Chang XB, Kartner N, Rotstein OD, Riordan JR, Grinstein S
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID1378835
Cystic fibrosis is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), which lead to defective Cl- conductance in epithelial cells. While the CFTR gene product has been detected in the plasma membrane, its presence and functional role in the membranes of intracellular compartments remain ... More
Regional small-intestinal permeability in vitro to different-sized dextrans and proteins in the rat.
AuthorsPantzar N, Weström BR, Luts A, Lundin S
JournalScand J Gastroenterol
PubMed ID7680488
Molecular weight-dependent passage over different regions of the rat small intestine, using different-sized proteins/peptides and fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextrans in the 1- to 70-kDa range, was studied in vitro in modified Ussing chambers. The mucosal to serosal passage was inversely related to the molecular weight. After 120 min the passage in the ... More
Introduction of large molecules into viable fibroblasts by electroporation: optimization of loading and identification of labeled cellular compartments.
AuthorsGlogauer M, McCulloch CA
JournalExp Cell Res
PubMed ID1374035
Access to the cell cytoplasm in viable cells may permit direct labeling or manipulation of intracellular molecules and metabolic processes. One method to gain access to the cell cytoplasm is by electroporation, a technique that transiently creates pores in cell membranes by means of applied electrical fields. We used electroporation ... More
Regulation of vertebrate left-right asymmetries by extracellular matrix.
AuthorsYost HJ
JournalNature
PubMed ID1579165
The vertebrate body is organized along three geometric axes: anterior-posterior, dorsal-ventral and left-right. Left-right axis formation, displayed in heart and gut development, is the least understood, even though it has been studied for many years. In Xenopus laevis gastrulae, a fibronectin-rich extracellular matrix is deposited on the basal surface of ... More
A plastic embedding technique for analyzing fluorescent dextran-amine labelled neuronal profiles.
AuthorsFritzsch B, Northcutt RG
JournalBiotech Histochem
PubMed ID1377506
A plastic embedding technique employing fluorescently labelled dextran-amines is described. After application of tracer to cut nerves and appropriate transport time, animals were fixed in paraformaldehyde. Subsequently their brains were dissected, heads and brains were dehydrated, embedded in methacrylate and sectioned serially on a rotary microtome. Plastic sections allow high ... More
In vivo fluorescence microscopy of microcirculation in the renal cortex of mice. Part II. Effects of mannitol and contrast media infusions.
AuthorsHögström B, Rooth P, Sunnegårdh O, Hietala SO
JournalActa Radiol
PubMed ID8452725
In vivo fluorescence microscopy was used for experimental studies of renal cortical microcirculation in 46 mice. The cortical circulation was studied after i.v. infusions of mannitol of various osmolalities as well as nonionic low osmolar (iohexol) and ionic high osmolar (metrizoate) contrast media. All infusions produced an increase in the ... More
In vivo fluorescence microscopy of microcirculation in the renal cortex of mice. Part I. An experimental model for contrast media studies.
AuthorsHögström B, Rooth P, Sunnegårdh O, Hietala SO
JournalActa Radiol
PubMed ID8452724
An experimental model using in vivo fluorescence microscopy for studies of renal cortical blood flow was tested in 40 mice. The model was suitable for testing a wide variety of hypotheses concerning alterations in renal cortical blood flow, including the possibility of inhomogeneous capillary blood flow distribution in response to ... More
Molecular-weight-dependent pharmacokinetics of fluorescein-labeled dextrans in rats.
AuthorsMehvar R, Shepard TL
JournalJ Pharm Sci
PubMed ID1279158
The dependency of the pharmacokinetics of fluorescein-labeled dextrans on M(r) was studied in adult Sprague-Dawley rats. Single intravenous doses (5 mg/kg) of the dextrans with M(r) of 4000, 20,000, 40,000, 70,000, or 150,000 and single oral doses (50 mg/kg) of the dextrans with M(r) of 4000, 20,000, or 40,000 were ... More
Role of the floor plate in axonal patterning in the zebrafish CNS.
AuthorsHatta K
JournalNeuron
PubMed ID1382472
To determine the role of the floor plate (FP) in CNS development, I have used labeling techniques, including immunolabeling, to analyze cyclops mutant embryos, which lack the FP. Except for the anterior brain, the mutant phenotype is almost exclusively confined to the vicinity of the ventral CNS midline. In the ... More
Inhibition of antibody formation by receptor cross-linking: the molecular characteristics of inhibitory haptenated polymers.
AuthorsDintzis RZ, Okajima M, Middleton MH, Dintzis HM
JournalEur J Immunol
PubMed ID1689663
Previous studies from this laboratory have reported on the characteristics of a molecule which make it inhibitory. These findings were based on studies using the T cell-independent haptenated polymer, 2,4-dinitrophenyl-polyacrylamide (DNP-PA). The present study was undertaken to determine whether the same molecular properties which defined the inhibitory potentials of DNP-PA ... More
Disposition of fluorescein-labelled dextran (150 kD) in isolated perfused livers from control and diabetic rats.
AuthorsMehvar R, Reynolds JM, Shepard TL
JournalLife Sci
PubMed ID1719328
Isolated perfused livers were used to study the hepatic disposition of fluorescein-labelled dextran with a MW of 150 kD (FD-150), in control and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. A 100-microliter volume of FD-150 solution (10%, w/v) was injected as a rapid bolus dose into the inlet catheter of the isolated livers, and ... More
Alkalinization of the lysosomes is correlated with ras transformation of murine and human fibroblasts.
AuthorsJiang LW, Maher VM, McCormick JJ, Schindler M
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID1690732
The pH of the intralysosomal compartment of fibroblasts in culture was monitored by measuring the fluorescence emission intensity at 530 nm of fluid phase pinocytosed fluorescein-conjugated dextrans (FITC-dextrans) excited at 488 and 457 nm. Following the procedure of Ohkuma and Poole (Ohkuma, S., and Poole, B. (1978) Proc. Natl. Acad. ... More
Fluorescent imaging in vivo of developing blood vessels on the optic tectum of Xenopus laevis.
AuthorsTiedeken JJ, Rovainen CM
JournalMicrovasc Res
PubMed ID1712891
The growth and development of individual living capillaries, venules, and endothelial sprouts on the pial surface of the brain were examined with video microscopy and intravascular FITC-dextran in anesthetized tadpoles of pigment-deficient Xenopus laevis, stages 42-50. The fluorescent tracer, injected intracardially through glass micropipets, was well tolerated by the tadpoles ... More
Transbilayer and interbilayer phospholipid exchange in dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine/dimyristoylphosphatidylethanolamine large unilamellar vesicles.
AuthorsWimley WC, Thompson TE
JournalBiochemistry
PubMed ID1993185
The rates of spontaneous interbilayer and transbilayer exchange of [3H]dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine ([3H]DMPC) were examined in DMPC and DMPC/dimyristoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DMPE) large unilamellar vesicles in the liquid-crystalline-, gel-, and mixed-phase states. DMPC desorption rates from either gel or liquid-crystalline phases containing DMPE are very similar to the corresponding rates from pure DMPC gel ... More
A discrete projection of the sacculus and lagena to a distinct brainstem nucleus in a catfish.
AuthorsFritzsch B, Niemann U, Bleckmann H
JournalNeurosci Lett
PubMed ID2336194
The projection of individual inner ear maculae of the catfish, Ancistrus spec. were labelled with horseradish peroxidases (HRP) or fluorescent dextran amines. In ostariophysans, fibres which innervate epithelia known or assumed to be sensitive to the pressure component of aquatic sound, i.e. acoustic fibres which come from the sacculus and ... More
Topography of connections between primary somatosensory cortex and posterior complex in rat: a multiple fluorescent tracer study.
AuthorsFabri M, Burton H
JournalBrain Res
PubMed ID2012978
Thalamocortical connections between ipsilateral thalamus and the first somatic sensory area were traced with simultaneous injections of different fluorescent tracers. Labeled neuronal elements in the antero-medial part (POm) of the posterior nucleus (PO) were topographically organized as an up-right body representation that mirrored a map in the ventroposterior nuclei (VP). ... More
Anterograde transport of lucifer yellow-dextran conjugate.
AuthorsChang HT
JournalBrain Res Bull
PubMed ID1718573
A microassay for the pore-forming activity of complement, perforin, and other cytolytic proteins based on confocal laser scanning microscopy.
AuthorsSauer H, Pratsch L, Peters R
JournalAnal Biochem
PubMed ID1862943
A fluorescence microscopic assay for the activity of complement, perforin, and other cytolytic proteins which form transmembrane pores in cellular membranes is described. The assay was worked out and tested with red blood cell membranes (ghosts) and was then applied to intact hemoglobin-free cells. Resealed human erythrocyte ghosts were incubated ... More
Drosophila gastrulation: analysis of cell shape changes in living embryos by three-dimensional fluorescence microscopy.
AuthorsKam Z, Minden JS, Agard DA, Sedat JW, Leptin M
JournalDevelopment
PubMed ID1794308
The first event of Drosophila gastrulation is the formation of the ventral furrow. This process, which leads to the invagination of the mesoderm, is a classical example of epithelial folding. To understand better the cellular changes and dynamics of furrow formation, we examined living Drosophila embryos using three-dimensional time-lapse microscopy. ... More
Descending connections from the brainstem to the spinal cord in the electric fish Eigenmannia. Quantitative description based on retrograde horseradish peroxidase and fluorescent-dye transport.
AuthorsBehrend K, Donicht M
JournalBrain Behav Evol
PubMed ID2379082
The descending connections from the brainstem to the spinal cord in Eigenmannia sp. were demonstrated using the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) technique. The spinal cord was transected and HRP crystals were deposited in the cut. The point of transection was located at varying distances from the head in different specimens. In ... More
Fluorescent dextrans as sensitive anterograde neuroanatomical tracers: applications and pitfalls.
AuthorsNance DM, Burns J
JournalBrain Res Bull
PubMed ID1698517
We have examined five conjugated 10,000 mol. wt. dextrans as potential anterograde tract tracers: Lucifer Yellow, Texas Red, fluorescein, Cascade Blue and tetramethylrhodamine. Pressure injections were made into the brain, dorsal root ganglia or footpads of adult rats. The retrograde tracer Fluoro-Gold was injected alone or mixed with the dextrans ... More
Fluorescence digital microscopy of interstitial macromolecular diffusion in burn injury.
AuthorsAggarwal SJ, Shah SJ, Diller KR, Baxter CR
JournalComput Biol Med
PubMed ID2805648
Computer vision techniques implemented on an IBM PC/AT have been applied to the study of microvascular permeability and interstitial diffusion in dorsal skin flap chamber preparations of hamsters. Experimental data was obtained for the leakage of fluorescent labelled dextran (70,000 daltons) after a precisely controlled mild degree of localized thermal ... More
Uptake of fluorescence-labeled dextrans by 10T 1/2 fibroblasts following permeation by rectangular and exponential-decay electric field pulses.
AuthorsLiang H, Purucker WJ, Stenger DA, Kubiniec RT, Hui SW
JournalBiotechniques
PubMed ID2483506
The uptake of fluorescence-labeled dextrans by adherent 10T 1/2 murine fibroblasts following electric field pulse application was used as a criterion for the efficiency of electropermeation. The cells in monolayers were permeated by immersing a coaxial electrode in culture dishes. The percentage of cells which exhibited fluorescence uptake following electric ... More
Artificial matrix barriers: a diffusion study utilizing dextrans and microspheres.
AuthorsPersky B, Hendrix MJ
JournalAnat Rec
PubMed ID1700647
Eight artificial matrices (AMs) were evaluated for the ability to restrict the passage of diffusion probes. Three AMs were composed exclusively of interstitial type I collagen (Col I) and differed from each other in thickness only. Four AMs consisted of reconstituted basement membrane (RBM) -coated polycarbonate filters (containing 10 microns ... More