Nonstructural proteins nsp2TF and nsp2N of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) play important roles in suppressing host innate immune responses.
AuthorsLi Y, Shang P, Shyu D, Carrillo C, Naraghi-Arani P, Jaing CJ, Renukaradhya GJ, Firth AE, Snijder EJ, Fang Y
JournalVirology
PubMed ID29325778
'Recently, we identified a unique -2/-1 ribosomal frameshift mechanism in PRRSV, which yields two truncated forms of nonstructural protein (nsp) 2 variants, nsp2TF and nsp2N. Here, in vitro expression of individual PRRSV nsp2TF and nsp2N demonstrated their ability to suppress cellular innate immune responses in transfected cells. Two recombinant viruses ... More
Development of a broadly protective modified-live virus vaccine candidate against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus.
AuthorsSun H, Workman A, Osorio FA, Steffen D, Vu HLX
JournalVaccine
PubMed ID29174314
'Modified-live virus (MLV) vaccines are widely used to protect pigs against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). However, current MLV vaccines do not confer adequate levels of heterologous protection, presumably due to the substantial genetic diversity of PRRSV isolates circulating in the field. To overcome this genetic variation challenge, ... More
Interferon regulatory factor 3 is a key regulation factor for inducing the expression of SAMHD1 in antiviral innate immunity.
AuthorsYang S, Zhan Y, Zhou Y, Jiang Y, Zheng X, Yu L, Tong W, Gao F, Li L, Huang Q, Ma Z, Tong G
JournalSci Rep
PubMed ID27411355
'SAMHD1 is a type I interferon (IFN) inducible host innate immunity restriction factor that inhibits an early step of the viral life cycle. The underlying mechanisms of SAMHD1 transcriptional regulation remains elusive. Here, we report that inducing SAMHD1 upregulation is part of an early intrinsic immune response via TLR3 and ... More
Construction and characterization of a full-length cDNA infectious clone of emerging porcine Senecavirus A.
AuthorsChen Z, Yuan F, Li Y, Shang P, Schroeder R, Lechtenberg K, Henningson J, Hause B, Bai J, Rowland RRR, Clavijo A, Fang Y
JournalVirology
PubMed ID27459668
'A full-length cDNA infectious clone, pKS15-01-Clone, was constructed from an emerging Senecavirus A (SVA; strain KS15-01). To explore the potential use as a viral backbone for expressing marker genes, the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-tagged reporter virus (vKS15-01-EGFP) was generated using reverse genetics. Compared to the parental virus, the pKS15-01-Clone ... More
Mutations in a Highly Conserved Motif of nsp1ß Protein Attenuate the Innate Immune Suppression Function of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus.
AuthorsLi Y, Shyu DL, Shang P, Bai J, Ouyang K, Dhakal S, Hiremath J, Binjawadagi B, Renukaradhya GJ, Fang Y
JournalJ Virol
PubMed ID26792733
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) nonstructural protein 1ß (nsp1ß) is a multifunctional viral protein, which is involved in suppressing the host innate immune response and activating a unique -2/-1 programmed ribosomal frameshifting (PRF) signal for the expression of frameshifting products. In this study, site-directed mutagenesis analysis showed that ... More