Transient maintenance in bioreactor improves health of neuronal cells.
AuthorsDi Loreto S, Sebastiani P, Benedetti E, Zimmitti V, Caracciolo V, Amicarelli F, Cimini A, Adorno D
JournalIn Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim
PubMed ID16848632
'To examine whether a neuronal cell suspension can be held in vitro for a relatively short period without compromising survival rates and functionality, we have set up an experimental protocol planning 24 h of suspension culture in a rotary wall vessel (RWV) bioreactor before plating in a conventional adherent system. ... More
Alveolar macrophage suppression in sepsis is associated with high mobility group box 1 transmigration.
AuthorsPahuja M, Tran C, Wang H, Yin K
JournalShock
PubMed ID18004227
'Macrophage dysfunction occurs late in sepsis and is implicated in increased mortality. Interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) stimulates transmigration of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB-1) from the nucleus into cytoplasm of macrophages and subsequent release. Because HMGB-1 release also occurs late, and because one of the actions of HMGB-1 in the ... More
Effects of transient loss of shear stress on blood-brain barrier endothelium: role of nitric oxide and IL-6.
AuthorsKrizanac-Bengez L, Kapural M, Parkinson F, Cucullo L, Hossain M, Mayberg MR, Janigro D
JournalBrain Res
PubMed ID12834884
'Loss of blood-brain barrier (BBB) function may contribute to post-ischemic cerebral injury by yet unknown mechanisms. Ischemia is associated with anoxia, aglycemia and loss of flow (i.e. shearing forces). We tested the hypothesis that loss of shear stress alone does not acutely affect BBB function due to a protective cascade ... More
Novel glucocorticoid effects on acute inflammation in the CNS.
AuthorsDinkel K, MacPherson A, Sapolsky RM
JournalJ Neurochem
PubMed ID12562515
'The CNS can mount an inflammatory reaction to excitotoxic insults that contributes to the emerging brain damage. Therefore, anti-inflammatory drugs should be beneficial in neurological insults. In contrast, glucocorticoids (GCs), while known for their anti-inflammatory effects, can exacerbate neurotoxicity in the hippocampus after excitotoxic insults. We investigated the effect of ... More
Effects of mycophenolate mofetil in mercury-induced autoimmune nephritis.
AuthorsNieto E, Escudero E, Navarro E, Yáñez-Mo M, Martín A, Pérez de Lema G, Sánchez-Madrid F, Mampaso F
JournalJ Am Soc Nephrol
PubMed ID11912253
'Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is a new immunosuppressive drug whose active metabolite, mycophenolic acid (MPA), blocks the action of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase, resulting in the inhibition of the novo purine synthesis. Thus, MPA has an antiproliferative effect on T and B lymphocytes and also inhibits the glycosylation of cell surface adhesion ... More
Effects of dexamethasone on rat dendritic cell function.
AuthorsButts CL, Shukair SA, Duncan KM, Harris CW, Belyavskaya E, Sternberg EM
JournalHorm Metab Res
PubMed ID17578756
'Glucocorticoids have been reported to affect immunity at varying concentrations. While glucocorticoids have shown profound effects on innate immunity, their effects on rat dendritic cells have not been fully examined. In this study, we evaluated the effects of the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone on cultured rat dendritic cells (DCs) from spleen ... More
Modulation of HSP25 and TNF-alpha during the early stages of functional overload of a rat slow and fast muscle.
AuthorsHuey KA, McCall GE, Zhong H, Roy RR
JournalJ Appl Physiol (1985)
PubMed ID17379754
'Early events in response to abrupt increases in activation and loading with muscle functional overload (FO) are associated with increased damage and inflammation. Heat shock protein 25 (HSP25) may protect against these stressors, and its expression can be regulated by muscle loading and activation. The purpose of this study was ... More
Mechanisms of endotoxin-induced NO, IL-6, and TNF-alpha production in activated rat hepatic stellate cells: role of p38 MAPK.
AuthorsThirunavukkarasu C, Watkins SC, Gandhi CR
JournalHepatology
PubMed ID16871588
'Compelling experimental evidence indicates that the interactions between endotoxin and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) can play a significant role in the pathogenesis of liver disease. Endotoxin-induced release of a multifunctional mediator NO (via inducible NO synthase) and the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin (IL)-6 by HSCs ... More
Effects of tumor necrosis factor, endothelin and nitric oxide on hyperdynamic circulation of rats with acute and chronic portal hypertension.
AuthorsWang JJ, Gao GW, Gao RZ, Liu CA, Ding X, Yao ZX
JournalWorld J Gastroenterol
PubMed ID14991939
'To evaluate the effect of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), endothelin (ET) and nitric oxide (NO) on hyperdynamic circulation (HC) of rats with acute and chronic portal hypertension (PHT).' ... More
Hypertensive end-organ damage and premature mortality are p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent in a rat model of cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction.
'Numerous pathological mediators of cardiac hypertrophy (eg, neurohormones, cytokines, and stretch) have been shown to activate p38 MAPK. The purpose of the present study was to examine p38 MAPK activation and the effects of its long-term inhibition in a model of hypertensive cardiac hypertrophy/dysfunction and end-organ damage.' ... More
San-Huang-Xie-Xin-Tang attenuates inflammatory responses in lipopolysaccharide-exposed rat lungs.
AuthorsLo YC, Lin YL, Yu KL, Lai YH, Wu YC, Ann LM, Chen IJ
JournalJ Ethnopharmacol
PubMed ID15878812
'In this study, the potential anti-inflammatory effect of San-Huang-Xie-Xin-Tang (SHXT) and its main component baicalin on LPS-induced lung injury were investigated and compared to the profile of dexamethasone (DEXA) in a pre-clinical animal model. Post-treatment with SHXT (75 mg/kg), baicalin (1.5 mg/kg) and DEXA (0.5 mg/kg), significantly inhibited LPS-induced hypotension, ... More
Resistance to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced apoptosis in rat hepatoma cells expressing TNF-alpha is linked to low antioxidant enzyme expression.
AuthorsChovolou Y, Watjen W, Kampkotter A, Kahl R
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID12775721
'In order to study the mechanisms of resistance to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), we have constructed two stable transfectants producing TNF-alpha (Yv12-2 and Yv13-44) from the rat hepatoma H4IIE cell, which does not produce TNF-alpha. H4IIE cells were highly sensitive to apoptosis induced by TNF-alpha, whereas Yv2-12 and Yv13-44 cells ... More
Fluvastatin ameliorates endotoxin induced multiple organ failure in conscious rats.
AuthorsChen CH, Lee RP, Wu WT, Liao KW, Hsu N, Hsu BG
JournalResuscitation
PubMed ID17353078
'Sepsis is a severe inflammatory disorder that may lead to multiple organ failure. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is associated with Gram-negative sepsis and can activate monocytes and macrophages to release pro-inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), nitric oxide (NO) and anti-inflammatory mediator such as interleukin-10 (IL-10). In this present study, ... More
Effects of post-treatment with low-dose propofol on inflammatory responses to lipopolysaccharide-induced shock in conscious rats.
AuthorsHsu BG, Yang FL, Lee RP, Peng TC, Chen HI
JournalClin Exp Pharmacol Physiol
PubMed ID15730430
'1. In the present study, we used a low dose of propofol (5 mg/kg per h) to investigate its effects on the pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1beta and IL-10) and changes in nitric oxide (NO) following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for a period of 12 h in conscious rats. ... More
GLUTAMINE PREVENTS ACTIVATION OF NF-kappaB AND STRESS KINASE PATHWAYS, ATTENUATES INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE RELEASE, AND PREVENTS ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME (ARDS) FOLLOWING SEPSIS.
AuthorsSingleton KD, Beckey VE, Wischmeyer PE
JournalShock
PubMed ID16317391
'Glutamine (GLN) has been shown to attenuate cytokine release from LPS-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells; however, the in vivo antiinflammatory effect of GLN in polymicrobial sepsis and ARDS is unknown. This study evaluates the effect of GLN on inflammatory cytokine release and the pathways that may mediate antiinflammatory effects ... More
Selective downregulation of hepatic cytochrome P450 expression and activity in a rat model of inflammatory pain.
This study was designed to examine the effect of Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA)-induced inflammation on liver P450 expression and activities in the first 7 days that followed a single FCA injection in the rat hindpaw. ... More
Tumor necrosis factor alpha antibody prevents brain damage of rats with acute necrotizing pancreatitis.
AuthorsYang YL, Li JP, Li KZ, Dou KF
JournalWorld J Gastroenterol
PubMed ID15334696
To study the protective effects of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) antibody on pancreatic encephalopathy in rats.
Impact of vaccine therapy using nuclear histone H1 on allograft survival in experimental organ transplantation.
AuthorsNakano T, Goto S, Lai CY, Hsu LW, Ono K, Kawamoto S, Lin YC, Kao YH, Chiang KC, Ohmori N, Goto T, Sato S, Tu CH, Jawan B, Cheng YF, Chen CL
JournalTranspl Immunol
PubMed ID17331840
We recently reported that autoreactive antibody (Ab) against nuclear histone H1 had been identified as an immunosuppressive factor in a rat tolerogenic orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) model. The present study aimed to determine whether the up-regulation of antihistone H1 Ab by histone H1 vaccination leads to tolerance. ... More
Pentoxifylline suppresses renal tumour necrosis factor-alpha and ameliorates experimental crescentic glomerulonephritis in rats.
AuthorsChen YM, Ng YY, Lin SL, Chiang WC, Lan HY, Tsai TJ
JournalNephrol Dial Transplant
PubMed ID14993492
Crescentic glomerulonephritis is a rapidly progressive form of glomerulonephritis, but treatment remains non-specific. The methylxanthine derivative pentoxifylline (PTX) is a clinically available phosphodiesterase inhibitor with anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory activities. This study examined whether PTX has beneficial effects in a rat model of anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) crescentic glomerulonephritis. ... More
The effect of growth hormone on gut mucosal homeostasis and cellular mediators after severe trauma.
AuthorsJeschke MG, Herndon DN, Finnerty CC, Bolder U, Thompson JC, Mueller U, Wolf SE, Przkora R
JournalJ Surg Res
PubMed ID16083754
Gut mucosal integrity and function is impaired after severe trauma with associated increases in small bowel epithelial cell apoptosis and decreases in cell proliferation. Growth hormone improves gastrointestinal function during chemotherapy and has anabolic effects on protein synthesis. The purpose of this study was to determine whether growth hormone can ... More
Distance of cecum ligated influences mortality, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 expression following cecal ligation and puncture in the rat.
AuthorsSingleton KD, Wischmeyer PE
JournalEur Surg Res
PubMed ID14593232
A mainstay of laboratory research into new therapies for sepsis has been the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model in rodents. Previous data indicate that the number of punctures made in the cecum and needle size utilized are primary determinants of mortality. Despite this, variability exists in mortality from this ... More
Parenteral nutrition administration leads to specific alterations in the expression of adipocytokines and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in a rat model.
AuthorsTazuke Y, Teitelbaum D, Wasa M, Fukuzawa M, Iiboshi Y, Fujimoto J
JournalJPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr
PubMed ID21527595
Similar to metabolic syndrome, parenteral nutrition (PN) administration has also been associated with biologic abnormalities of glucose and lipids. Such complications include hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, liver dysfunction, and hepatobiliary complications. Because metabolic syndrome has been associated with altered expression of adipocytokines, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), the present study hypothesized that ... More
NK cells modulate MHC class I expression on tumor cells and their susceptibility to lysis.
AuthorsJonges LE, Giezeman-Smits KM, van Vlierberghe RL, Ensink NG, Hagenaars M, Joly E, Eggermont AM, van de Velde CJ, Fleuren GJ, Kuppen PJ
JournalImmunobiology
PubMed ID11131150
Cytotoxicity and production of cytokines are two important functions of NK cells. These two different NK functions were studied in a syngeneic rat model in relation to MHC class I expression. We focussed on the mechanism by which NK cells modulate MHC class I expression on target cells and how ... More
Dynamic regulation of microglial functions by the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug NCX 2216: implications for chronic treatments of neurodegenerative diseases.
AuthorsBernardo A, Gasparini L, Ongini E, Minghetti L
JournalNeurobiol Dis
PubMed ID16307889
The nitric oxide-releasing derivative of flurbiprofen, NCX 2216, has a safer gastrointestinal profile than the parent drug flurbiprofen and a strong anti-amyloidogenic activity. Here, we show that in primary microglial cultures, in addition to the expected inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis, NCX 2216 specifically activated the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma), a ... More
Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 Tat protein induces nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB activation and oxidative stress in microglial cultures by independent mechanisms.
AuthorsNicolini A, Ajmone-Cat MA, Bernardo A, Levi G, Minghetti L
JournalJ Neurochem
PubMed ID11701774
We have extended our previous findings and shown that human immunodeficiency virus Tat protein, in addition to nitric oxide (NO), stimulated rat microglial cultures to release pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1beta and tumour necrosis factor-alpha in a nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB-dependent manner. At the same time, Tat stimulated the accumulation of free radicals, ... More
Influence of cytokines and growth factors in ANG II-mediated collagen upregulation by fibroblasts in rats: role of myocytes.
AuthorsSarkar S, Vellaichamy E, Young D, Sen S
JournalAm J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol
PubMed ID15059775
Abnormal stiffness and altered cardiac function arising from abnormal collagen deposition occur in hypertrophy and heart failure. ANG II has been shown to play a role in this process. To evaluate the mechanism, we developed an in vitro model by subjecting fibroblasts to ANG II treatment in the presence or ... More
Expression of phosphatidylserine receptor and down-regulation of pro-inflammatory molecule production by its natural ligand in rat microglial cultures.
AuthorsDe SR, Ajmone-Cat MA, Nicolini A, Minghetti L
JournalJ Neuropathol Exp Neurol
PubMed ID11895038
Exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS), an aminophospholipid normally sequestered in the inner leaflet of plasma membrane, is one of the crucial steps in the recognition and ingestion of apoptotic cells by macrophages. The recognition of PS on apoptotic cells by peripheral macrophages is mediated by a phosphatidylserine-specific receptor (PtdSerR), which has ... More
Role of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) and its natural ligand 15-deoxy-Delta12, 14-prostaglandin J2 in the regulation of microglial functions.
AuthorsBernardo A, Levi G, Minghetti L
JournalEur J Neurosci
PubMed ID10947800
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) is a member of a large group of nuclear receptors controlling the proliferation of peroxisomes that is involved in the downregulation of macrophage functions. Here, we report that PPAR-gamma was constitutively expressed in rat primary microglial cultures and that such expression was downregulated during microglial ... More
Prolonged exposure of microglia to lipopolysaccharide modifies the intracellular signaling pathways and selectively promotes prostaglandin E2 synthesis.
AuthorsAjmone-Cat MA, Nicolini A, Minghetti L
JournalJ Neurochem
PubMed ID14622099
During inflammatory or degenerative processes microglial cells are likely to be exposed to activating agents that persist in brain parenchyma for prolonged periods. As our knowledge on microglial activation is largely based on in vitro studies in which microglial cultures are activated by a single administration of pro-inflammatory stimuli, we ... More
Downregulation of glucocorticoid receptors of liver cytosols and the role of the inflammatory cytokines in pathological stress in scalded rats.
AuthorsLiu DH, Su YP, Zhang W, Lou SF, Ran XZ, Gao JS, Cheng TM
JournalBurns
PubMed ID12052369
Preliminary experiments indicated that target cells were resistant to glucocorticoid (GC) after pathological stress. This study was designed to investigate the alterations in plasma corticosterone level and GC receptor (GR) of liver cytosols, to assess the relative inflammatory cytokines contribution to GC resistant, and to observe the action of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating ... More
Propofol exerts protective effects on the acute lung injury induced by endotoxin in rats.
AuthorsChu CH, David Liu D, Hsu YH, Lee KC, Chen HI
JournalPulm Pharmacol Ther
PubMed ID16713316
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a major culprit of mortality in endotoxemia. Propofol has been commonly used in critical ill patients for sedation. This experiment attempted to elucidate the effects and possible mechanisms of propofol on the ALI induced by endotoxin. Experimentations were carried out using anesthetized, ventilated rats and ... More
N-acetylcysteine abrogates acute lung injury induced by endotoxin.
AuthorsKao SJ, Wang D, Lin HI, Chen HI
JournalClin Exp Pharmacol Physiol
PubMed ID16445696
1. Acute lung injury (ALI) or acute respiratory distress syndrome is a serious clinical problem with high mortality. N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) is an anti-oxidant and a free radical scavenger. It has been reported recently that NAC ameliorates organ damage induced by endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide; LPS) in conscious rats. The present study was ... More
Nuclear factor-kappaB and advanced glycation end-products expression in lacrimal glands of aging rats.
AuthorsAlves M, Cunha DA, Calegari VC, Saad MJ, Boschero AC, Velloso LA, Rocha EM
JournalJ Endocrinol
PubMed ID16214951
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) increase with aging and induce signaling alterations that lead to inflammation and dysfunction in several tissues. Aging reduces function and insulin signaling in lacrimal glands (LGs). To evaluate whether AGE signaling and insulin secretion in LGs are altered in aging, 24- and 2-month-old male Wistar ... More
Uranium induces TNF alpha secretion and MAPK activation in a rat alveolar macrophage cell line.
AuthorsGazin V, Kerdine S, Grillon G, Pallardy M, Raoul H
JournalToxicol Appl Pharmacol
PubMed ID14728979
Uranium is a toxic heavy metal found mainly in the nuclear industry, but it is also used in the manufacturing of military munitions. Inhalation studies using animal models have demonstrated that long-term exposure to uranium can lead to the development of neoplasia and fibrosis at the pulmonary level. Because it ... More
Inhibition of dimethylnitrosamine-induced liver fibrosis by [5-(2-pyrazinyl)-4-methyl-1,2-dithiol-3-thione] (oltipraz) in rats: suppression of transforming growth factor-beta1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression.
AuthorsKang KW, Choi SH, Ha JR, Kim CW, Kim SG
JournalChem Biol Interact
PubMed ID11803029
Oltipraz is a cancer chemopreventive agent active against a wide variety of chemical carcinogens. In spite of the intense chemoprevention and toxicology studies on oltipraz, no information is available on its antifibrotic efficacy. In the present study, the effects of oltipraz on dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced liver fibrogenesis were assessed in rats. ... More
Endotoxin-induced acute lung injury is enhanced in rats with spontaneous hypertension.
AuthorsLiu DD, Hsu YH, Chen HI
JournalClin Exp Pharmacol Physiol
PubMed ID17201737
1. Acute lung injury (ALI), or acute respiratory distress syndrome, is a major cause of mortality in endotoxaemia. The present study tested whether the endotoxaemia-induced changes and associated ALI were enhanced in rats with established hypertension and to examine the possible mechanisms involved. 2. Fifty spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and ... More
Loss of shear stress induces leukocyte-mediated cytokine release and blood-brain barrier failure in dynamic in vitro blood-brain barrier model.
AuthorsKrizanac-Bengez L, Mayberg MR, Cunningham E, Hossain M, Ponnampalam S, Parkinson FE, Janigro D
JournalJ Cell Physiol
PubMed ID15920760
Brain ischemia is associated with an acute release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, notably TNF-alpha and IL-6 and failure of the blood-brain barrier. Shear stress, hypoxia-hypoglycemia, and blood leukocytes play a significant role in blood-brain barrier failure during transient or permanent ischemia. However, these mechanisms have not been studied as independent variables ... More
Progesterone inhibits mature rat dendritic cells in a receptor-mediated fashion.
AuthorsButts CL, Shukair SA, Duncan KM, Bowers E, Horn C, Belyavskaya E, Tonelli L, Sternberg EM
JournalInt Immunol
PubMed ID17289656
A variety of extraimmune system factors, including hormones, play a critical role in regulating immunity. Progesterone has been shown to affect immunity in rodents and humans, mainly at concentrations commensurate with pregnancy. These effects are primarily mediated via the progesterone receptor (PR), which acts as a transcription factor, although non-genomic ... More
Paracetamol effectively reduces prostaglandin E2 synthesis in brain macrophages by inhibiting enzymatic activity of cyclooxygenase but not phospholipase and prostaglandin E synthase.
AuthorsGreco A, Ajmone-Cat MA, Nicolini A, Sciulli MG, Minghetti L
JournalJ Neurosci Res
PubMed ID12605411
Epidemiological studies indicate that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are neuroprotective, although the mechanisms underlying their beneficial effect remain largely unknown. Given their well-known adverse effects, which of the NSAIDs is the best for neurodegenerative disease management remains a matter of debate. Paracetamol is a widely used analgesic/antipyretic drug with low ... More