Afferents to the rostral olfactory bulb in sheep with special emphasis on the cholinergic, noradrenergic and serotonergic connections.
AuthorsLévy F,Meurisse M,Ferreira G,Thibault J,Tillet Y
JournalJournal of chemical neuroanatomy
PubMed ID10450873
Topographical organization in the nucleus accumbens of afferents from the basolateral amygdala and efferents to the lateral hypothalamus.
AuthorsKirouac GJ, Ganguly PK
JournalNeuroscience
PubMed ID7675191
The basolateral region of the amygdala and the lateral hypothalamic area are involved in cardiovascular regulation. The aim of the present investigation was to determine if the terminal field of afferent projections from the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala to the nucleus accumbens overlap with the origin of the efferent ... More
Combined retrograde tracing and enzyme/immunohistochemistry of trigeminal ganglion cell bodies innervating tooth pulps in the rat.
AuthorsFried K, Arvidsson J, Robertson B, Brodin E, Theodorsson E
JournalNeuroscience
PubMed ID2481244
Rat trigeminal neurons innervating tooth pulps were retrogradely labelled with fluorogold and analysed enzyme- and immunohistochemically for their content of substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide, fluoride-resistant acid phosphatase, GM 1 ganglioside, carbonic anhydrase and neurofilament protein. The data showed that both small, medium-sized and large trigeminal neurons were labelled after ... More
P2X3-immunoreactive primary sensory neurons innervating lumbar intervertebral disc in rats.
AuthorsAoki Y, Ohtori S, Takahashi K, Ino H, Ozawa T, Douya H, Chiba T, Moriya H
JournalBrain Res
PubMed ID14556943
'The P2X(3) receptor is normally localized in a sub-population of small-diameter dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, and is thought to be related to pain perception. The aim of this study in rats was to examine P2X(3)-immunoreactivity in DRG neurons innervating the lumbar disc and in DRG neurons innervating cutaneous tissues. ... More
Expression of alpha2-adrenergic receptors in rat primary afferent neurones after peripheral nerve injury or inflammation.
AuthorsBirder LA, Perl ER
JournalJ Physiol
PubMed ID10050019
'1. Immunocytochemistry with polyclonal antibodies directed against specific fragments of intracellular loops of alpha2A- and alpha2C-adrenergic receptors (alpha2A-AR, alpha2C-AR) was used to explore the possibility that expression of these receptors in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurones of rat alters as a result of peripheral nerve injury or localized inflammation. 2. ... More
Calcitonin gene-related peptide is increased in hindlimb motoneurons after exercise.
AuthorsHomonko DA, Theriault E
JournalInt J Sports Med
PubMed ID9414072
'Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a neuroactive peptide present in some spinal cord motoneurons and at their motor endplates in skeletal muscle. Although detectable levels of CGRP change after surgical and pharmacological interruptions of neuromuscular connectivity, a clear understanding of its physiological role in the motor system is lacking. The ... More
Neurons containing retrogradely transported Fluoro-Gold exhibit a variety of lysosomal profiles: a combined brightfield, fluorescence, and electron microscopic study.
AuthorsSchmued LC, Kyriakidis K, Fallon JH, Ribak CE
JournalJ Neurocytol
PubMed ID2746306
'The advantages of axonally transported Fluoro-Gold as a retrograde fluorescent marker are numerous. The objective of the present study was to determine whether transported Fluoro-Gold is visible in either semi-thin sections for light microscopy or thin sections for electron microscopy. Rats received injections of Fluoro-Gold into either the striatum or ... More
The pontine A5 noradrenergic cells which project to the spinal cord dorsal horn are reciprocally connected with the caudal ventrolateral medulla in the rat.
AuthorsTavares I, Lima D, Coimbra A
JournalEur J Neurosci
PubMed ID9464939
'A disynaptic pathway linking the caudal ventrolateral medulla (VLM) to the spinal cord via the A5 noradrenergic cell group of the pons has recently been described in the rat. In the present work, the projections of the A5 to the VLM and to the spinal dorsal horn were studied with ... More
Contribution of bed nucleus of the stria terminalis to the cardiovascular responses elicited by stimulation of the amygdala.
AuthorsRoder S, Ciriello J
JournalJ Auton Nerv Syst
PubMed ID8227965
'Anatomical and physiological studies were done in the rat to investigate the possibility that the cardiovascular responses elicited by stimulation of central nucleus of the amygdala (ACe) were mediated via projections to bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST). In the first series, to determine the distribution of neurons in ... More
Comparative study of the three neurofilament subunits within pig and human retinal ganglion cells.
AuthorsRuiz-Ederra J, García M, Hicks D, Vecino E
JournalMol Vis
PubMed ID14961007
'PURPOSE: Neurofilaments (NF) are neuronal cytoskeletal components and immunostaining against them has been used to visualize retinal ganglion cells (RGC) and their axons. Since the RGC cytoskeleton exhibits differential damage in diseases such as glaucoma, we examined the distribution of light, medium, and heavy NF subunits (NF-L, NF-M, and NF-H ... More
Fluoro-Gold tracing of zinc-containing afferent connections in the mouse visual cortices.
AuthorsGarrett B, Sørensen JC, Slomianka L
JournalAnat Embryol (Berl)
PubMed ID1567021
'To identify zinc-containing projections to the visual areas, we injected Fluoro-Gold into the occipital cortex of the mouse. Five days later, the mice underwent an intravital selenium-labeling procedure to demonstrate the somata of neurons that give rise to zinc-containing boutons. Numerous double-labeled cells were seen in the ipsi- and contralateral ... More
Serotoninergic and nonserotoninergic neurons in the medullary raphe system have axon collateral projections to autonomic and somatic cell groups in the medulla and spinal cord.
AuthorsAllen GV, Cechetto DF
JournalJ Comp Neurol
PubMed ID7533797
'Fluorescent double retrograde-tracing studies combined with fluorescent immunostaining for serotonin were carried out to determine the potential patterns of divergence in axonal projections to autonomic and somatic motor sites from medullary raphe and parapyramidal neurons. Injections (20-60 nl) of combinations of fluorescent retrograde tracers (Fast Blue, fluoro-gold, green latex microspheres, ... More
An anterograde and retrograde tract-tracing study on the projections from the thalamic gustatory area in the rat: distribution of neurons projecting to the insular cortex and amygdaloid complex.
AuthorsNakashima M, Uemura M, Yasui K, Ozaki HS, Tabata S, Taen A
JournalNeurosci Res
PubMed ID10771108
'Projections from the thalamic gustatory nucleus, i.e. the parvicellular part of the posteromedial ventral thalamic nucleus (VPMpc) to the forebrain regions were studied in the rat by the tract-tracing methods with anterograde tracer (biotinylated dextran amine, BDA) and anterograde/retrograde tracer (wheat-germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase, WGA-HRP). After BDA injection into the VPMpc, ... More
Lateral septal projections onto tubero-infundibular neurons in the hypothalamus of the guinea pig.
AuthorsVaroqueaux F, Poulain P
JournalCell Tissue Res
PubMed ID7528095
'Efferent projections of the lateral septal nucleus (LS) to the preoptic area and the hypothalamus were identified in 20 female guinea pigs after iontophoretic injection of the anterograde axonal tracer Fluoro-Ruby. Tubero-infundibular (TI) neurons of the preoptic area and the hypothalamus were retrogradely labeled after intracardiac injection of Granular Blue ... More
PACAP-containing intrapineal nerve fibers originate predominantly in the trigeminal ganglion: a combined retrograde tracing- and immunohistochemical study of the rat.
AuthorsMøller M, Baeres FM
JournalBrain Res
PubMed ID12932850
'Pituitary adenylate-cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a neuropeptide originally isolated from the hypothalamus and located in many neuronal systems in both the central and peripheral nervous system. PACAP is also found in nerve fibers innervating the pineal gland, where it stimulates the secretion of the pineal hormone, melatonin, by binding ... More
Connections of the caudal ventrolateral medullary reticular formation in the cat brainstem.
'A region of the caudal ventrolateral medullary reticular formation (CVLM) participates in baroreceptor, vestibulosympathetic, and somatosympathetic reflexes; the adjacent retroambigual area is involved in generating respiratory-related activity and is essential for control of the upper airway during vocalization. However, little is known about the connections of the CVLM in the ... More
DNA plasmid that codes for human Bcl-2 gene preserves axotomized Clarke's nucleus neurons and reduces atrophy after spinal cord hemisection in adult rats.
AuthorsTakahashi K, Schwarz E, Ljubetic C, Murray M, Tessler A, Saavedra RA
JournalJ Comp Neurol
PubMed ID9934991
'Spinal cord injury in adult mammals causes atrophy or death of some axotomized neurons. The product of the antiapoptotic gene Bcl-2 prevents neuron death in vivo. We delivered Bcl-2 by intraspinal injection of a DNA plasmid encoding this gene to determine if axotomized neurons destined to undergo retrograde death could ... More
Regeneration of brainstem-spinal axons after lesion and immunological disruption of myelin in adult rat.
AuthorsDyer JK, Bourque JA, Steeves JD
JournalExp Neurol
PubMed ID9875263
'We previously observed that the transient developmental suppression of myelination or disruption of mature myelin, by local intraspinal infusion of serum complement proteins along with a complement-fixing, myelin-specific antibody (e.g., anti-Galactocerebroside), facilitated avian brainstem-spinal axonal regeneration after spinal transection. We now report the effects of similar immunological protocols on axonal ... More
Lamellar organization of pontocerebellar neuronal populations. A multi-tracer and 3-D computer reconstruction study in the cat.
AuthorsNikundiwe AM, Bjaalie JG, Brodal P
JournalEur J Neurosci
PubMed ID7513239
'This study deals with the three-dimensional arrangement of populations of pontocerebellar cell bodies projecting to the parafloccular complex. The fluorescent tracers rhodamine B isothiocyanate, fluoro-gold and fast blue were injected in either adjacent or separated cerebellar folia. A set of coordinates (x, y, z) was assigned to each retrogradely labelled ... More
Ganglion cell loss in RCS rat retina: a result of compression of axons by contracting intraretinal vessels linked to the pigment epithelium.
AuthorsVillegas-Pérez MP, Lawrence JM, Vidal-Sanz M, Lavail MM, Lund RD
JournalJ Comp Neurol
PubMed ID9482233
'In the dystrophic Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rat retina, there is a progressive loss of photoreceptors. As a result, the retinal circulation becomes apposed to the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and neovascular formations develop. RPE and inner nuclear layer cells migrate along these vessels towards the retinal ganglion cell ... More
Sources of cortical, hypothalamic and spinal serotonergic projections: topical organization within the nucleus raphe dorsalis.
AuthorsKazakov VN, Kravtsov PYa Krakhotkina ED, Maisky VA
JournalNeuroscience
PubMed ID7694184
'Retrograde axonal transport of fluorescent tracers (primuline, FluoroGold and Nuclear Yellow) from the spinal cord, frontal cortex, lateral hypothalamus to various neuronal groups of the midbrain periventricular gray substance (periaqueductal gray matter) and to the dorsolateral pontine tegmentum in the rat has been studied. Two large groups of serotonin-containing neurons ... More
Oestrogen receptors in the brainstem of the female sheep: relationship to noradrenergic cells and cells projecting to the medial preoptic area.
AuthorsScott CJ, Rawson JA, Pereira AM, Clarke IJ
JournalJ Neuroendocrinol
PubMed ID10520123
'Oestrogen regulates the secretion of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) and this could be mediated by noradrenergic systems originating in the brainstem. Whilst it is known that noradrenergic cells possess oestrogen receptors (ER), it is not known whether ER-immunoreactive (-ir) cells in the brainstem project to the regions of the hypothalamus ... More
Organization of projections from the raphe nuclei to the vestibular nuclei in rats.
AuthorsHalberstadt AL, Balaban CD
JournalNeuroscience
PubMed ID12890525
'Previous anatomic and electrophysiological evidence suggests that serotonin modulates processing in the vestibular nuclei. This study examined the organization of projections from serotonergic raphe nuclei to the vestibular nuclei in rats. The distribution of serotonergic axons in the vestibular nuclei was visualized immunohistochemically in rat brain slices using antisera directed ... More
Glial-derived neurotrophic factor upregulates expression of functional SNS and NaN sodium channels and their currents in axotomized dorsal root ganglion neurons.
AuthorsCummins TR, Black JA, Dib-Hajj SD, Waxman SG
JournalJ Neurosci
PubMed ID11102483
'Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons produce multiple sodium currents, including several different TTX-sensitive (TTX-S) currents and TTX-resistant (TTX-R) currents, which are produced by distinct sodium channels. We previously demonstrated that, after sciatic nerve transection, the levels of SNS and NaN sodium channel alpha-subunit transcripts and protein in small (18-30 micrometer ... More
CNTF, not other trophic factors, promotes axonal regeneration of axotomized retinal ganglion cells in adult hamsters.
AuthorsCui Q, Lu Q, So KF, Yip HK
JournalInvest Ophthalmol Vis Sci
PubMed ID10067981
'PURPOSE: To investigate the in vivo effects of trophic factors on the axonal regeneration of axotomized retinal ganglion cells in adult hamsters. METHODS: The left optic nerve was transected intracranially or intraorbitally, and a peripheral nerve graft was apposed or sutured to the axotomized optic nerve to enhance regeneration. Trophic ... More
Sources of p75-nerve growth factor receptor-like immunoreactivity in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus.
AuthorsBina KG, Rusak B, Semba K
JournalNeuroscience
PubMed ID9472404
'In mammals, the suprachiasmatic nucleus is critical for the generation of circadian rhythms and their entrainment to environmental cues. In the rat, the ventrolateral aspect of the suprachiasmatic nucleus receives a robust retinal input. This region also exhibits the most intense immunolabeling for the low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor in ... More
Neonatal estrogen decreases neural density of the septum-midbrain central gray connection underlying the lordosis-inhibiting system in female rats.
AuthorsTsukahara S, Ezawa N, Yamanouchi K
JournalNeuroendocrinology
PubMed ID14583655
'Neurons in the lateral septum (LS) with projecting axons to the midbrain central gray (MCG) exert an inhibitory influence on lordosis. The number of such neurons is greater in female than in male rats. In this experiment, effects of neonatal estrogen on the density of the LS-MCG connections and on ... More
Cholinergic axons in the rat prostate and neurons in the pelvic ganglion.
AuthorsNadelhaft I
JournalBrain Res
PubMed ID14519511
'Fluorogold or green fluorescent pseudorabies virus labeled postganglionic neurons in the pelvic ganglion that innervate the prostate gland. Small cholinergic neurons were demonstrated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) with antiserum against vesicular acetylcholine transferase (VAChT). Large, mainly adrenergic neurons, were surrounded by preganglionic cholinergic boutons. In the prostate, M3 type muscarinic receptors ... More
Increase of extracellular glutamate and expression of Fos-like immunoreactivity in the ventral tegmental area in response to electrical stimulation of the prefrontal cortex.
AuthorsRossetti ZL, Marcangione C, Wise RA
JournalJ Neurochem
PubMed ID9523567
'Electrical stimulation of the medial prefrontal cortex caused glutamate release in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) of freely moving animals. Cathodal stimulation was given through monopolar electrodes in 0.1-ms pulses at an intensity of 300 microA and frequencies of 4-120 Hz. Glutamate was measured in 10-min perfusate samples by HPLC ... More
Motor recovery and anatomical evidence of axonal regrowth in spinal cord-repaired adult rats.
AuthorsLee YS, Lin CY, Robertson RT, Hsiao I, Lin VW
JournalJ Neuropathol Exp Neurol
PubMed ID15055447
'Behavioral assessments of hindlimb motor recovery and anatomical assessments of extended axons of long spinal tracts were conducted in adult rats following complete spinal cord transection. Rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: 1) sham control group (laminectomy only; n = 12); 2) transection-only group, spinal cord transection at T8 ... More
The dorsal portion of the lumbar intervertebral disc is innervated primarily by small peptide-containing dorsal root ganglion neurons in rats.
AuthorsOzawa T, Aoki Y, Ohtori S, Takahashi K, Chiba T, Ino H, Moriya H
JournalNeurosci Lett
PubMed ID12781923
'The intervertebral discs are innervated by the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. In the present study, we applied Fluoro-Gold (FG) to the dorsal portion of the L5-L6 intervertebral disc to label DRG neurons retrogradely, and then examined whether FG-labeled neurons were substance P (SP)-immunoreactive or isolectin B4 (IB4)-binding. Of the ... More
Supraoptic nucleus afferents from the accessory olfactory bulb: evidence from anterograde and retrograde tract tracing in the rat.
AuthorsSmithson KG, Weiss ML, Hatton GI
JournalBrain Res Bull
PubMed ID1381986
'Our earlier electrophysiological work provided evidence of a direct input to the supraoptic nucleus (SON) from the olfactory bulbs; however, these experiments could not determine if the input originated in the main and/or accessory portions of the olfactory bulb. Here, a connection between the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB) and the ... More
Fos expression by glutamatergic neurons of the solitary tract nucleus after phenylephrine-induced hypertension in rats.
AuthorsWeston M, Wang H, Stornetta RL, Sevigny CP, Guyenet PG
JournalJ Comp Neurol
PubMed ID12717712
'The baroreflex pathway might include a glutamatergic connection between the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) and a segment of the ventrolateral medulla (VLM) called the caudal ventrolateral medulla. The main goal of this study was to seek direct evidence for such a connection. Awake rats were subjected to phenylephrine- ... More
Patterns of projections from the pontine nuclei and the nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis to the posterior vermis in the rhesus monkey: a study using retrograde tracers.
AuthorsThielert CD, Thier P
JournalJ Comp Neurol
PubMed ID8276988
'In an attempt to estimate the relative importance of the various afferent systems impinging on the oculomotor regions of the posterior cerebellar vermis of rhesus monkeys in quantitative terms, we made small injections of the retrograde tracers fast blue, fluorogold, and cholera toxin into different parts of a region of ... More
Fate of new neurons in adult canary high vocal center during the first 30 days after their formation.
AuthorsKirn JR, Fishman Y, Sasportas K, Alvarez-Buylla A, Nottebohm F
JournalJ Comp Neurol
PubMed ID10413781
'Projection neurons are added to the high vocal center (HVC) of adult songbirds. Here we report on events associated with their initial arrival in HVC. Neurons formed in adult canaries were labeled with [(3)H]-thymidine and examined 8, 15, 22, and 31 days later. By 8 days, some [(3)H]-labeled cells with ... More
Increased expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in visceral neurons after nerve injury.
AuthorsVizzard MA, Erdman SL, de Groat WC
JournalJ Neurosci
PubMed ID7538569
'The distribution of nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity (NOS-IR) and the changes in this distribution after peripheral axotomy were examined in lumbosacral afferent and preganglionic neurons (PGNs) innervating the pelvic viscera of the male rat. The visceral neurons in L6-S1 and L1-L2 dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and in the spinal cord ... More
Monosynaptic pathway between the arcuate nucleus expressing glial type II iodothyronine 5'-deiodinase mRNA and the median eminence-projective TRH cells of the rat paraventricular nucleus.
'Recent evidence suggests that the thyroid regulation of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)-containing neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus involves the activation of other hypothalamic neural circuits. For example, the arcuate nucleus and not the paraventricular nucleus contains the highest enzyme activity of 5'-deiodinase type II, an enzyme that is ... More
GABA receptor mediated suppression of defensive rage behavior elicited from the medial hypothalamus of the cat: role of the lateral hypothalamus.
AuthorsCheu JW, Siegel A
JournalBrain Res
PubMed ID9507168
'Recently, our laboratory has demonstrated that predatory attack behavior in the cat, elicited by electrical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus, is suppressed following activation of the region of the medial hypothalamus from which defensive rage behavior is elicited [Han, Y., Shaikh, M.B., Siegel, A., Medical amygdaloid suppression of predatory attack ... More
The cerebral perivascular cells.
AuthorsAngelov DN, Walther M, Streppel M, Guntinas-Lichius O, Neiss WF
JournalAdv Anat Embryol Cell Biol
PubMed ID9816725
'This monograph reviews the literature and presents experimental data on the intracerebral presentation of antigen(s) to the immune system as a consequence of neuronal cell death. "Which cells are the antigen presenting cells (APC) of the brain?" is the main question of this book. The immune surveillance of the CNS ... More
Oxidized galectin-1 stimulates the migration of Schwann cells from both proximal and distal stumps of transected nerves and promotes axonal regeneration after peripheral nerve injury.
AuthorsFukaya K, Hasegawa M, Mashitani T, Kadoya T, Horie H, Hayashi Y, Fujisawa H, Tachibana O, Kida S, Yamashita J
JournalJ Neuropathol Exp Neurol
PubMed ID12578226
'Oxidized galectin-1 has recently been identified as a key factor that plays important roles in initial axonal growth in injured peripheral nerves. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of oxidized galectin-1 on regeneration of rat spinal nerves using acellular autografts (containing no viable cells) and allografts ... More
Isolation of giant silk fibroin polysomes and fibroin mRNP particles using a novel ribonuclease inhibitor, hydroxystilbamidine.
AuthorsLizardi PM
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID6893456
'Hydroxystilbamidine isethionate, a dye capable of binding to both DNA and RNA, has been found to be a powerful inhibitor of cellular ribonucleases. A procedure has been developed that, with the aid of this compound, permits the preparative isolation of giant silk fibroin polyribosomes from the posterior silk gland of ... More
Reciprocal connections between the rabbit suprageniculate pretectal nucleus and the superior colliculus: tracer study with horseradish peroxidase and fluorogold.
AuthorsLagares C, Caballero-Bleda M, Fernández B, Puelles L
JournalVis Neurosci
PubMed ID7516177
'Connections of the rabbit suprageniculate pretectal nucleus (SP) with the superior colliculus were explored by means of retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase or Fluorogold. Large injections centered in the superficial and intermediate tectal layers resulted in bilateral retrograde transport to the medium-size multipolar neurons of the suprageniculate pretectal nucleus. Horseradish ... More
Organisation of the tectorotundal and SP/IPS-rotundal projections in the chick.
AuthorsDeng C, Rogers LJ
JournalJ Comp Neurol
PubMed ID9552124
'The organisation of the neural projections from the optic tectum and pretectal nuclei complex, n. subpretectalis / n. interstitio-pretecto-subpretectalis (SP/IPS), to the nucleus rotundus (Rt) in chicks was studied by using retrograde tracing techniques. After the injection of fluorescent retrograde tracers, rhodamine-conjugated latex microspheres, fluorescein-conjugated latex microspheres, True Blue, Fluoro-Gold, ... More
The dependence of motoneurons on their target muscle during postnatal development of the mouse.
AuthorsCrews LL, Wigston DJ
JournalJ Neurosci
PubMed ID2332802
'Motoneurons seem to require contact with their target muscle even after embryogenesis is complete, but the consequences of target-deprivation during postnatal development are poorly understood. To examine the fate of motoneurons separated from their targets postnatally, we labeled the motoneurons that innervate the biceps brachii muscle with the retrograde tracer ... More
Origin, course, and laterality of spinocerebellar axons in the North American opossum, Didelphis virginiana.
AuthorsTerman JR, Wang XM, Martin GF
JournalAnat Rec
PubMed ID9713988
'Spinocerebellar axons have been studied extensively in placental mammals, but there have been no full reports on their origin, laterality, or spinal course in any marsupial. We have used the North American opossum (Didelphis virginiana) to obtain such information and to ask whether any spinocerebellar neurons innervate both the anterior ... More
Dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus neurons: a multivariate taxonomy.
AuthorsJarvinen MK, Powley TL
JournalJ Comp Neurol
PubMed ID9886036
'The dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMNX) contains neurons with different projections and discrete functions, but little success has been achieved in distinguishing the cells cytoarchitectonically. The present experiment employed multivariate analytical techniques to evaluate DMNX neuronal morphology. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 77) were perfused, and the brainstems ... More
Implantation of human amniotic epithelial cells prevents the degeneration of nigral dopamine neurons in rats with 6-hydroxydopamine lesions.
AuthorsKakishita K, Nakao N, Sakuragawa N, Itakura T
JournalBrain Res
PubMed ID12865158
'We recently found that human amniotic epithelial (HAE) cells secrete biologically active neurotrophins such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin-3, both of which exhibit trophic activities on dopamine (DA) neurons. The present study explored whether implantation of HAE cells can be a possible means to deliver trophic factors into the ... More
Axonal regeneration of Clarke's neurons beyond the spinal cord injury scar after treatment with chondroitinase ABC.
AuthorsYick LW, Cheung PT, So KF, Wu W
JournalExp Neurol
PubMed ID12821386
'We have previously demonstrated that enzymatic digestion of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG) at the scar promotes the axonal regrowth of Clarke''s nucleus (CN) neurons into an implanted peripheral nerve graft after hemisection of the spinal cord. The present study examined whether degradation of CSPG using chondroitinase ABC promoted the regeneration ... More
Neuronal inputs from the hypothalamus and brain stem to the medial preoptic area of the ram: neurochemical correlates and comparison to the ewe.
AuthorsScott CJ, Clarke IJ, Tilbrook AJ
JournalBiol Reprod
PubMed ID12606458
'The retrograde tracer, FluoroGold, was used to trace the neuronal inputs from the septum, hypothalamus, and brain stem to the region of the GnRH neurons in the rostral preoptic area of the ram and to compare these imputs with those in the ewe. Sex differences were found in the number ... More
Damage to the amygdalo-hippocampal projection in temporal lobe epilepsy: a tract-tracing study in chronic epileptic rats.
AuthorsKemppainen S, Pitkänen A
JournalNeuroscience
PubMed ID15207366
'Both the amygdala and hippocampus are damaged in drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), suggesting that amygdalo-hippocampal interconnectivity is compromised in TLE. Therefore, we examined one of the major projections from the amygdala to the hippocampus, the projection from the amygdala to the CA1 subfield of the hippocampus/subiculum border region, and ... More
Morphology of parasympathetic neurons innervating rat lingual salivary glands.
AuthorsKim M, Chiego DJ, Bradley RM
JournalAuton Neurosci
PubMed ID15109936
'Saliva is essential for taste function and not only does saliva influence taste reception, but also taste perception initiates salivation. As a first step in investigating circuits involved in gustatory-salivary reflexes, we have studied the morphology of the rat inferior salivatory nucleus (ISN), which contains parasympathetic secretomotor neurons that control ... More
Innervation of single fungiform taste buds during development in rat.
AuthorsKrimm RF, Hill DL
JournalJ Comp Neurol
PubMed ID9703025
'To determine whether the innervation of taste buds changes during postnatal development, the number of geniculate ganglion cells that innervated single fungiform taste buds were quantified in the tip- and midregions of the tongue of adult and developing rats. There was substantial variation in both the size of individual taste ... More
Immunfluorescence study of neuropeptides in identified neurons of the rat auditory superior olivary complex.
AuthorsReuss S, Disque-Kaiser U, De Liz S, Ruffer M, Riemann R
JournalCell Tissue Res
PubMed ID10398879
'The present study was conducted to investigate the distribution and immunohistochemical characteristics of ascending and descending projection neurons of the rat superior olivary complex (SOC), a group of interrelated brainstem nuclei. Ascending neurons were identified by injection of cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) into the central nucleus of the inferior ... More
Premotor neurons for trigeminal motor nucleus neurons innervating the jaw-closing and jaw-opening muscles: differential distribution in the lower brainstem of the rat.
AuthorsLi YQ, Takada M, Kaneko T, Mizuno N
JournalJ Comp Neurol
PubMed ID7560267
'The distribution of premotor neurons for trigeminal motor nucleus neurons innervating the jaw-closing and jaw-opening muscles was examined in the lower brainstem of the rat by using retrograde and anterograde labeling techniques. First, Fluorogold, a fluorescent retrograde tracer, was injected into the dorsolateral or ventromedial division of the trigeminal motor ... More
Persistence of tracer in the application site--a potential confounding factor in nerve regeneration studies.
AuthorsPuigdellívol-Sánchez A, Prats-Galino A, Ruano-Gil D, Molander C
JournalJ Neurosci Methods
PubMed ID12865153
'Selective reinnervation of peripheral targets after nerve injury might be assessed by injecting a first tracer in a target before nerve injury to label the original neuronal population, and applying a second tracer after the regeneration period to label the regenerated population. However, altered uptake of tracer, fading, and cell ... More
Localization of mGluR1a-like immunoreactivity and mGluR5-like immunoreactivity in identified populations of striatal neurons.
AuthorsTallaksen-Greene SJ, Kaatz KW, Romano C, Albin RL
JournalBrain Res
PubMed ID9507137
'Metabotropic glutamate receptors are important mediators of excitatory amino acid neurotransmission in the striatum. Two-color immunofluorescence histochemistry and immunohistochemistry in combination with retrograde tract-tracing techniques were used to examine the distribution of metabotropic glutamate receptor subtypes 1a and 5 (mGluR1a and mGluR5) among identified subpopulations of striatal projection neurons and ... More
Expression of D1 receptor, D2 receptor, substance P and enkephalin messenger RNAs in the neurons projecting from the nucleus accumbens.
AuthorsLu XY, Ghasemzadeh MB, Kalivas PW
JournalNeuroscience
PubMed ID9483534
'In situ hybridization was combined with FluoroGold retrograde labelling to determine the distribution of messenger RNAs for the D1 dopamine receptor, D2 dopamine receptor, beta-preprotachykinin or preproenkephalin in the neurons projecting from the nucleus accumbens to the ventral pallidum and the ventral tegmental area. Neurons were quantified in both the ... More
An electrophysiological and morphological investigation of the projections of growth hormone-releasing peptide-6-responsive neurons in the rat arcuate nucleus to the median eminence and to the paraventricular nucleus.
'Growth hormone-releasing peptide-6 injection induces c-fos messenger RNA expression in many arcuate nucleus neurons, and sub-populations of neurons in this region project to the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. We examined electrophysiologically whether arcuate nucleus neurons that project to the paraventricular nucleus also project to the median eminence, and whether these neurons ... More
Neuropeptide Y immunoreactivity identifies a group of gamma-type retinal ganglion cells in the cat.
AuthorsHutsler JJ, White CA, Chalupa LM
JournalJ Comp Neurol
PubMed ID8263231
'Ganglion cells within the cat retina have been traditionally grouped by morphological criteria into three major classes: alpha, beta, and gamma. The gamma-type cells have been least well characterized, but the available evidence indicates that this class comprises a relatively heterogeneous population of neurons. In the present study we demonstrate ... More
A morphometric analysis of functionally defined subpopulations of neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the rat with observations on the effects of colchicine.
AuthorsRho JH, Swanson LW
JournalJ Neurosci
PubMed ID2784832
'Two populations of neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus that have different efferent projections and physiological roles in the regulation of visceral responses were characterized morphologically with a combined intracellular filling, retrograde tracer, and immunohistochemical method. Neuroendocrine cells were retrogradely labeled by an intravenous injection of Fast blue, ... More
Topographic organization of serotonergic dorsal raphe neurons projecting to the superior colliculus in the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus).
AuthorsJanusonis S, Fite KV, Foote W
JournalJ Comp Neurol
PubMed ID10524343
'Recent evidence suggests that the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) of the brainstem is a collection of neuronal clusters having different neurochemical characteristics and efferent projection patterns. To gain further insight into the neuroanatomic organization of the DRN, neuronal populations projecting to the superior colliculus (SC) were mapped in a highly ... More
Identification and dissociation of cardiovascular neurons from the medulla for patch clamp analysis.
AuthorsMendelowitz D, Kunze DL
JournalNeurosci Lett
PubMed ID1784423
'This study describes a preparation that will enable us to study, using voltage clamp techniques, ionic currents from dissociated cardiovascular neurons that have retained their anatomical and functional identity of the intact animal. To identify dispersed preganglionic cardiac motoneurons various fluorescent dyes (rhodamine, fluorogold, microspheres, bizbenzimide and dextrans) were examined ... More
Selective loss of alpha motoneurons innervating the medial gastrocnemius muscle in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
AuthorsMohajeri MH, Figlewicz DA, Bohn MC
JournalExp Neurol
PubMed ID9527903
'Mutations in the superoxide dismutase gene 1 (SOD-1) are found in patients with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FALS). Overexpression of a mutated human SOD-1 gene in mice results in neurodegenerative disease as result of motoneuron loss in lumbar spinal cord (10). Using this mouse model of FALS, we have established ... More
NT-3, but not BDNF, prevents atrophy and death of axotomized spinal cord projection neurons.
AuthorsBradbury EJ, King VR, Simmons LJ, Priestley JV, McMahon SB
JournalEur J Neurosci
PubMed ID9786200
'Following spinal cord injury, projection neurons are frequently axotomized and many of the cells subsequently die. One goal in spinal injury research is to preserve damaged neurons so that ultimately they are accessible to regeneration-promoting strategies. Here we ask if neurotrophin treatment can prevent atrophy and death of axotomized sensory ... More
Interaction between hydroxystilbamidine and DNA. II. Temperature jump relaxation study. Dynamics of nucleic acids and polynucleotides.
AuthorsSturm J, Zana R, Daune M
JournalBiochim Biophys Acta
PubMed ID1242364
'A temperature-jump relaxation study of the interaction of hydroxystilbamidine with DNA and synthetic polynucleotides has been performed. Two concentration dependent relaxation times tau1 and tau2 have been observed in the submillisecond range when detecting relaxation effects by means of light absorption. The longer of these two times (tau1) is also ... More
Collateral axonal projections to limbic structures from ventrolateral medullary A1 noradrenergic neurons.
AuthorsRoder S, Ciriello J
JournalBrain Res
PubMed ID7515319
'Experiments were done to investigate whether catecholaminergic neurons within the ventrolateral medulla (VLM) send collateral axonal projections to the central nucleus of the amygdala (ACe) and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST). Unilateral microinjections of the fluorescent retrograde tracers fluorogold (FG) or rhodamine labelled latex micro-beads (Rd) were ... More
Origin and distribution of NADPH diaphorase-positive nerves in rat nasal mucosa.
AuthorsJeon SY, Kim J, Hwang EG
JournalAnn Otol Rhinol Laryngol
PubMed ID9270435
'The aim of this study was to localize the distribution of (reduced) nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) diaphorase-positive nerves in the rat nasal mucosa by NADPH diaphorase histochemistry, and to determine its origin by utilizing retrograde tracing with Fluoro-Gold (FG). Fine varicosities of NADPH diaphorase-positive nerve fibers were distributed around blood ... More
Calbindin-D 28kD immunofluorescence in ventral mesencephalic neurons labeled following injections of Fluoro-Gold in nucleus accumbens subterritories: inverse relationship relative to known neurotoxin vulnerabilities.
AuthorsTan Y, Williams ES, Zahm DS
JournalBrain Res
PubMed ID10536262
'The shell and core of the nucleus accumbens exhibit different vulnerabilities to neurotoxins. Calcium binding proteins are reported to offer some neuroprotection against excitotoxicity by suppressing or buffering intracellular calcium. Differences in the distributions of the calbindin-D 28kD (CB) and calretinin (CR) might be related to the different vulnerabilities to ... More
Quantitative and neurogenic analysis of the total population and subpopulations of neurons defined by axon projection in the superficial dorsal horn of the rat lumbar spinal cord.
AuthorsBice TN, Beal JA
JournalJ Comp Neurol
PubMed ID9388015
'The total neuron population of the superficial dorsal horn (SDH), i.e., laminae I and II, was quantitated in Nissl preparations of spinal segment L1 in the rat. Subpopulations of the SDH, defined by axon projection, were quantitated following strategic intraspinal injections of dual retrograde tracers (Fluoro-Gold and true blue). These ... More
Differential sensitivities of the two visual pathways of the chick to labelling by fluorescent retrograde tracers.
AuthorsDeng C, Rogers LJ
JournalJ Neurosci Methods
PubMed ID10476686
'This study investigates the neurone structure-specific differences of sensitivities of fluorescent tracers. The tracers were used for retrograde labelling of contralateral projections in the two visual pathways of the chick. Rhodamine B Isothiocyanate (RITC), Fluorogold (FG) and True blue (TB) were injected into either the visual Wulst (thalamofugal pathway) or ... More
Serotonergic and GABAergic neurons in the medial rostral ventral medulla express kappa-opioid receptor immunoreactivity.
AuthorsKalyuzhny AE, Wessendorf MW
JournalNeuroscience
PubMed ID10188949
'Activation of kappa-opioid receptors in the rostral ventral medulla has been reported to attenuate analgesia induced by activation of mu-opioid receptors in the periaqueductal gray matter. Previous studies have suggested that the cells associated with this effect might contain serotonin. In the present study, we investigated the relationship of the ... More
The distribution and the modulation of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity in the lateral olivocochlear system of the guinea-pig.
AuthorsNiu X, Bogdanovic N, Canlon B
JournalNeuroscience
PubMed ID15099686
'It was previously shown that tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactivity in the terminals of the lateral efferents of the cochlea is decreased by acoustic trauma and that sound preconditioning counteracted this decrease [Hear Res 174 (2002) 124]. Here we identify those neurons in the lateral olivocochlear system (LOC) in the brainstem ... More
Evidence for estrogenic regulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons by glutamatergic neurons in the ewe brain: An immunohistochemical study using an antibody against vesicular glutamate transporter-2.
AuthorsPompolo S, Pereira A, Scott CJ, Fujiyma F, Clarke IJ
JournalJ Comp Neurol
PubMed ID12926021
'Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion is controlled by various factors, including the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate. Estrogen (E) regulates GnRH secretion by means of E-responsive cells in the brain that relay the feedback effects to the preoptic area (POA). We used an antibody to vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGluT2) to label glutamatergic ... More
Apoptotic versus necrotic characteristics of retinal ganglion cell death after partial optic nerve injury.
AuthorsBien A, Seidenbecher CI, Böckers TM, Sabel BA, Kreutz MR
JournalJ Neurotrauma
PubMed ID10098960
'We have investigated time course and characteristics of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death after partial optic nerve injury. In situ end labeling of DNA fragments with the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated deoxyuridine (dUTP)-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) method revealed the presence of apoptotic cells on as early as 5 days ... More
Quantitative and neurogenic analysis of neurons with supraspinal projections in the superficial dorsal horn of the rat lumbar spinal cord.
AuthorsBice TN, Beal JA
JournalJ Comp Neurol
PubMed ID9388016
'Dual retrograde axonal tracers, Fluoro-Gold (FG) and true blue (TB), were used in conjunction with [3H]thymidine autoradiography to determine the number and neurogenic pattern of neurons with supraspinal projections in the superficial dorsal horn (SDH), i.e., laminae I and II, in spinal segment L1 of the rat. FG was injected ... More
trkA, trkB, and trkC messenger RNA expression by bulbospinal cells of the rat.
AuthorsKing VR, Michael GJ, Joshi RK, Priestley JV
JournalNeuroscience
PubMed ID10426534
'Previous research has shown that corticospinal as well as rubrospinal neurons express the high-affinity trkB and trkC receptors but not the high-affinity trkA receptor. To determine if bulbospinal neurons in other brainstem areas show the same pattern of trk receptor expression, bulbospinal cells were labelled via the injection of the ... More
Glutamatergic modulation of cortical acetylcholine release in the rat: a combined in vivo microdialysis, retrograde tracing and immunohistochemical study.
AuthorsGiovannini MG, Giovannelli L, Bianchi L, Kalfin R, Pepeu G
JournalEur J Neurosci
PubMed ID9283822
'The microdialysis technique with one or two probes was used to investigate the modulation of cortically projecting cholinergic neurons by glutamatergic input in the rat in vivo. Male albino Wistar rats (250-300 g) were used. Under chloral hydrate anaesthesia microdialysis membranes were positioned in the parietal cortex, nucleus basalis magnocellularis ... More
Corticocortical associative neurons expressing latexin: specific cortical connectivity formed in vivo and in vitro.
AuthorsArimatsu Y, Ishida M, Sato M, Kojima M
JournalCereb Cortex
PubMed ID10498275
'Latexin, a carboxypeptidase A inhibitor, is expressed in a subset of neurons in the infragranular layers of the lateral cortex in the rat. We here show that latexin-expressing neurons exhibit ultrastructural features common to cortical pyramidal neurons. We show in combined retrograde tracing and immunofluorescent experiments that latexin-expressing neurons contribute ... More
Reformation of long axon pathways in adult rat central nervous system by human forebrain neuroblasts.
AuthorsWictorin K, Brundin P, Gustavii B, Lindvall O, Björklund A
JournalNature
PubMed ID1699131
'The failure of lesioned axons to regenerate over long distances in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) is not due to an inability of central neurons to regenerate, but rather to the non-permissive nature of the CNS tissue environment. Regenerating CNS axons, which grow well within a peripheral nerve, for ... More
Location, immunohistochemical features, and spinal connections of autonomic neurons innervating the rat seminal vesicles.
AuthorsKepper ME, Keast JR
JournalBiol Reprod
PubMed ID9369184
'With the use of retrograde tracing techniques, selective spinal nerve transections, and immunohistochemistry to label noradrenergic and peptidergic pathways, this study has for the first time defined in detail the autonomic innervation to the rat seminal vesicles. The majority of this innervation originates from the bilateral major pelvic ganglia, whereas ... More
Identification of somatostatin sst2(a) receptor expressing neurones in central regions involved in nociception.
AuthorsSchindler M, Holloway S, Hathway G, Woolf CJ, Humphrey PP, Emson PC
JournalBrain Res
PubMed ID9666064
Somatostatin is a neuromodulator and neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. Administration of somatostatin to the spinal cord or brain areas involved in nociception has been shown to result in analgesia. Little information is available about the somatostatin receptor types which may be involved in mediating the neuromodulatory and analgesic ... More
Altered expression of immune-related antigens by neuronophages does not improve neuronal survival after severe lesion of the facial nerve in rats.
AuthorsAngelov DN, Krebs C, Walther M, Martinez-Portillo FJ, Gunkel A, Lay CH, Streppel M, Guntinas-Lichius O, Stennert E, Neiss WF
JournalGlia
PubMed ID9728762
'Injection of Fluoro-Gold (FG) into the whiskerpad muscles of rats yields a permanent retrograde labeling of motoneurons in the facial nucleus. Following subsequent resection of 10 mm of the facial nerve, one-third of the facial motoneurons die and the microglia phagocytize the dead FG-labeled neurons, take up FG, and get ... More
Influence of the axotomy to cell body distance in rat rubrospinal and spinal motoneurons: differential regulation of GAP-43, tubulins, and neurofilament-M.
AuthorsFernandes KJ, Fan DP, Tsui BJ, Cassar SL, Tetzlaff W
JournalJ Comp Neurol
PubMed ID10531542
'Axotomized motoneurons regenerate their axons regardless of whether axotomy occurs proximally or distally from their cell bodies. In contrast, regeneration of rubrospinal axons into peripheral nerve grafts has been detected after cervical but not after thoracic injury of the rubrospinal tract. By using in situ hybridization (ISH) combined with reliable ... More
A light-microscopic study of the intermediolateral nucleus following injection of CB-HRP and fluorogold into the superior cervical ganglion of the rat.
AuthorsTang FR, Tan CK, Ling EA
JournalJ Auton Nerv Syst
PubMed ID7714327
'Sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the intermediolateral nucleus of the thoracic spinal cord of the adult rat which innervate the superior cervical ganglion (SPN-scg) were identified by means of retrograde transport of cholera subunit B-conjugated horseradish peroxidase and fluorogold. In horizontal sections of the spinal cord, the SPN-scg were observed to ... More
Distributions of estrogen receptors alpha and beta in sympathetic neurons of female rats: enriched expression by uterine innervation.
AuthorsZoubina EV, Smith PG
JournalJ Neurobiol
PubMed ID12115890
'Estrogen modulates many features of the sympathetic nervous system, including cell numbers and ganglion synapses, and can induce uterine sympathetic nerve degeneration. However, distributions of estrogen receptors alpha and beta within sympathetic neurons have not been described, and their regulation by target tissue or estrogen levels has not been explored. ... More
Dorsal medullary pathways subserving oromotor reflexes in the rat: implications for the central neural control of swallowing.
AuthorsCunningham ET, Sawchenko PE
JournalJ Comp Neurol
PubMed ID10701866
'Retrograde and anterograde axonal transport techniques were used to investigate the organization of inputs from the dorsomedial medulla, a region known to elicit patterned swallowing reflexes following focal stimulation, to the fifth (MoV), seventh (VII), tenth (nucleus ambiguus, NA), and twelfth (XII) cranial nerve motor nuclei in the rat, those ... More
Zinc-positive afferents to the rat septum originate from distinct subpopulations of zinc-containing neurons in the hippocampal areas and layers. A combined fluoro-gold tracing and histochemical study.
AuthorsSørensen JC, Tønder N, Slomianka L
JournalAnat Embryol (Berl)
PubMed ID8214627
'The purpose of the present study was to examine whether zinc-positive and zinc-negative hippocampal neurons in rats differed with respect to their projections to the septum. By combining retrograde axonal transport of the fluorescent tracer Fluoro-Gold with histochemical demonstration of zinc selenide complexes in zinc-containing neurons after intraperitoneal injection of ... More
Neurons in the sacral parasympathetic nucleus that project to the hypothalamus do not also project through the pelvic nerve--a double labeling study combining Fluoro-gold and cholera toxin B in the rat.
AuthorsBurstein R, Wang JL, Elde RP, Giesler GJ
JournalBrain Res
PubMed ID2302554
'We recently reported that neurons in the sacral parasympathetic nucleus (SPN) project directly to the hypothalamus. In the present study, we examined the possibility that individual neurons in SPN send both an axon into the pelvic nerve and an ascending projection to the hypothalamus. We used a new double-labeling technique ... More
Development of direct GABAergic projections from the zona incerta to the somatosensory cortex of the rat.
AuthorsNicolelis MA, Chapin JK, Lin RC
JournalNeuroscience
PubMed ID7777173
'The postnatal development of direct thalamocortical projections from the zona incerta of the ventral thalamus to the whisker representation area of the rat primary somatosensory cortex was investigated. Cytoarchitectonic analysis based on Nissl staining, cytochrome oxidase histochemistry and immunohistochemistry for glutamic acid decarboxylase, GABA, parvalbumin and calbindin D28K revealed that ... More
Dual-label retrograde transport: CNS innervation of the mouse thymus distinct from other mediastinum viscera.
AuthorsTollefson L, Bulloch K
JournalJ Neurosci Res
PubMed ID2319621
'Two different retrogradely transported tracers were identified and used to distinguish between the innervation of the thymus gland and the innervation of adjacent tissues residing within the mouse mediastinum. To determine the best procedure for peripheral dual-labeled retrograde transport, several different tracers, vehicles, and injection protocols were developed and/or tested. ... More
Large cholinergic nerve terminals on subsets of motoneurons and their relation to muscarinic receptor type 2.
AuthorsHellström J, Oliveira AL, Meister B, Cullheim S
JournalJ Comp Neurol
PubMed ID12717708
'The cholinergic C-bouton is a large nerve terminal found exclusively apposing motoneuron cell somata and proximal dendrites. The origin and function of the C-bouton is not known. An antiserum against the vesicular acetylcholine transporter was used to identify large cholinergic nerve terminals putatively of the C-type in close apposition to ... More
Tectal projections to the parvicellular reticular formation and the upper cervical spinal cord in the rat, with special reference to axon collateral innervation.
AuthorsYasui Y, Ono K, Tsumori T, Yokota S, Kishi T
JournalBrain Res
PubMed ID9729348
'After Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin injection into the lateral part of the superior colliculus (SC) in the rat, labeled fibers and axon terminals in the lower brainstem were distributed not only in the medial reticular formation but also in the lateral tegmental field including the parvicellular reticular formation (RFp). More caudally, ... More
The projection of the amygdaloid nuclei to various areas of the limbic cortex in the rat.
'The connections of the amygdaloid body with the areas of the limbic cortex in the rat were studied by means of the method on the axonal retrograde transport of the fluorescent tracer FluoroGold. The tracer was injected into the anterior and posterior limbic cortices (cingulate gyrus, granular and agranular retrosplenial ... More
Regulation of immediate-early gene expression in rat retinal ganglion cells after axotomy and during regeneration through a peripheral nerve graft.
AuthorsHüll M, Bähr M
JournalJ Neurobiol
PubMed ID8113786
'To determine mechanisms of structural plasticity in adult CNS neurons, we investigated the expression of immediate early genes (IEGs) in the rat retina. Gene products of different IEG families (JUN and FOS proteins) and cAMP-responsive element binding protein (CREBP) were examined by immunohistochemistry under three different paradigms. Normal rats which ... More
Differential regulation of c-JUN expression in rat retinal ganglion cells after proximal and distal optic nerve transection.
AuthorsHüll M, Bähr M
JournalNeurosci Lett
PubMed ID7816335
'In adult rats, the distance between the site of axotomy and the cell body influences the ability of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) to survive and regenerate an axon. Optic nerves of adult rats were transected 2 mm or 6 mm from the optic bulb and RGCs labeled with the fluorescent ... More
Fluoro-Gold: An alternative viability stain for multicolor flow cytometric analysis.
AuthorsBarber L, Prince HM, Rossi R, Bertoncello I
JournalCytometry
PubMed ID10404151
'BACKGROUND: The viability stains propidium iodide (PI) and 7-amino-actinomycin D (7-AAD) are excited at 488 nm, as are the commonly used antibody conjugates fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), phycoerythrin (PE), and cyanine 5 dye covalently coupled to R-phycoerythrin (RPE-Cy5). When excited by a single laser, spectral overlap in the emission of PI ... More
Calcitonin gene-related peptide increase in the rat spinal dorsal horn and dorsal column nucleus following peripheral nerve injury: up-regulation in a subpopulation of primary afferent sensory neurons.
AuthorsMiki K, Fukuoka T, Tokunaga A, Noguchi K
JournalNeuroscience
PubMed ID9466443
'Calcitonin gene-related peptide in sensory primary afferent neurons has an excitatory effect on postsynaptic neurons and potentiates the effect of substance P in the rat spinal dorsal horn. It has been established that calcitonin gene-related peptide expression in dorsal root ganglion neurons is depressed, and the effect of calcitonin gene-related ... More
Induction of T alpha 1 alpha-tubulin mRNA during neuronal regeneration is a function of the amount of axon lost.
AuthorsMathew TC, Miller FD
JournalDev Biol
PubMed ID8344463
'Axotomy of mature peripheral neurons leads to upregulation of T alpha 1 alpha-tubulin mRNA. To distinguish whether this increase is due to interruption of target contact or to loss of the axon itself, we developed a model system that allowed us to axotomize mature sympathetic neurons proximal or distal to ... More
Expression of glutamate receptor subunit/subtype messenger RNAS for NMDAR1, GLuR1, GLuR2 and mGLuR5 by accumbal projection neurons.
AuthorsLu XY, Ghasemzadeh MB, Kalivas PW
JournalBrain Res Mol Brain Res
PubMed ID9878792
'Nucleus accumbens neurons are the targets of glutamatergic inputs. By coupling in situ hybridization for glutamate receptor mRNAs with retrograde transport of Fluoro-Gold, the present study examined the relationship between the distribution patterns of glutamate receptor subtypes/subunits and the output pathways of the nucleus accumbens to the ventral pallidum and ... More