Sustained high levels of serum interferon-? during HIV-1 infection: a specific trend different from other cytokines.
AuthorsWatanabe D, Uehira T, Yonemoto H, Bando H, Ogawa Y, Yajima K, Taniguchi T, Kasai D, Nishida Y, Shirasaka T,
JournalViral Immunol
PubMed ID21142447
The expression levels of various cytokines increase with the progression of HIV-1 infection. However, the effects of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on serum cytokine levels have not been fully determined. In this study we measured serum cytokine levels of 35 HIV-1-infected Japanese adults. We first performed a cross-sectional study and observed ... More
The ESX-5 secretion system of Mycobacterium marinum modulates the macrophage response.
AuthorsAbdallah AM, Savage ND, van Zon M, Wilson L, Vandenbroucke-Grauls CM, van der Wel NN, Ottenhoff TH, Bitter W,
JournalJ Immunol
PubMed ID18981138
The ESX-5 secretion system of pathogenic mycobacteria is responsible for the secretion of various PPE and PE-PGRS proteins. To better understand the role of ESX-5 effector proteins in virulence, we analyzed the interactions of Mycobacterium marinum ESX-5 mutant with human macrophages (Mphi). Both wild-type bacteria and the ESX-5 mutant were ... More