Interleukin-10-independent anti-inflammatory actions of glucagon-like peptide 2.
AuthorsIvory CP, Wallace LE, McCafferty DM, Sigalet DL,
JournalAm J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol
PubMed ID18845573
'Glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) is an important intestinal growth factor with anti-inflammatory activity. We hypothesized that GLP-2 decreases mucosal inflammation and the associated increased epithelial proliferation by downregulation of Th1 cytokines attributable to reprogramming of lamina propria immune regulatory cells via an interleukin-10 (IL-10)-independent pathway. The effects of GLP-2 treatment ... More
Cannabinoid Receptor Type 1 Protects Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic Neurons against MPTP Neurotoxicity by Inhibiting Microglial Activation.
AuthorsChung YC, Bok E, Huh SH, Park JY, Yoon SH, Kim SR, Kim YS, Maeng S, Hyun Park S, Jin BK,
JournalJ Immunol
PubMed ID22079984
This study examined whether the cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB(1)) receptor contributes to the survival of nigrostriatal dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mouse model of Parkinson's disease. MPTP induced significant loss of nigrostriatal DA neurons and microglial activation in the substantia nigra (SN), visualized with tyrosine hydroxylase or ... More
Vitamin D3 modulates the expression of bile acid regulatory genes and represses inflammation in bile duct-ligated mice.
AuthorsOgura M, Nishida S, Ishizawa M, Sakurai K, Shimizu M, Matsuo S, Amano S, Uno S, Makishima M,
JournalJ Pharmacol Exp Ther
PubMed ID18988769
Vitamin D receptor (VDR), a nuclear receptor that regulates calcium homeostasis, has been found to function as a receptor for secondary bile acids. Because the in vivo role of VDR in bile acid metabolism remains unknown, we investigated the effect of VDR activation in a mouse model of cholestasis. We ... More