Search
Search
查看更多产品信息 Luminex 200™ Calibration Kit - FAQs (LX2RCALK25)
40 个常见问题解答
以下是此问题的可能原因和解决方案：
o 检查协议设置（确保选择正确的 DD 设置）。
o 检查鞘液液位并清空废液。
o 在获取板之前，在 Luminex 仪器上运行校准和验证珠。
以下是可能的原因和问题的解决方案：
•这通常表明微珠已经光漂白。这个问题也可能由于将微珠暴露于有机溶剂中引起。不幸的是，必须重复该检测，因为微珠不能恢复。必须保护珠子免受光和有机溶剂的影响。
•或者，仪器可能在其测量中关闭，或者可能存在校准问题。致电制造商进行服务预约。
这表示最后一步使用了不正确的缓冲液。必须使用试剂盒中提供的洗涤液洗涤微珠并在微珠上样至Luminex仪器之前将其重悬。溶液的渗透压将影响微珠的尺寸，而微珠尺寸的任何变化都将改变仪器的检测。
以下是一些建议：
o 在获取板之前，在 Luminex 仪器上运行校准和验证珠。
o 查看仪器设置并确保它们适合正在运行的检测（调整针高，确保选择正确的珠门和正确的 DD 设置）。
o 在仪器上采集前摇动板以重新悬浮珠子。
o 将珠子涡旋 30 秒，然后再将它们添加到板中。
o 清洗：在清空板之前，不要忘记将板放在手持式磁性洗板机上约 2 分钟。
这种模式表明样本基质效应。以下是一些建议：
o 确认样品已澄清且不含碎片和脂质（建议离心 5-10 分钟）。
o 确认血清、血浆样品的样品与测定稀释剂的比例至少为 1:1。对于细胞裂解物或组织匀浆，确认样品已在测定缓冲液中适当稀释，以将裂解缓冲液中的去污剂浓度降低至≤0.01%。对于其他样品类型，可能需要进一步的样品优化。
以下是一些建议：
o 您感兴趣的蛋白质水平可能低于检测的检测限。高灵敏度多重试剂盒可用于大多数细胞因子。
o 验证您的标准曲线（寻找平台、异常曲线拟合、异常值）。
以下是一些建议：
o 可能需要样品优化：用合适的稀释剂稀释样品并重新运行。
o 验证您的标准曲线（寻找平台、异常曲线拟合、异常值）。
下述方案已经应用于多种人类和小鼠细胞系。您应该为您自己的应用优化细胞提取操作。
细胞裂解操作
非贴壁细胞：
低速离心以沉淀细胞。从沉淀中移去培养基，用冰冷的PBS洗涤两次。去除PBS，将细胞沉淀重悬于细胞裂解缓冲液中（推荐细胞裂解液浓度为2-5 mg/mL）。在冰上孵育15分钟，偶尔涡旋。将裂解物转移至微量离心管中，并在2-8℃下以14000rpm离心10分钟。 将澄清的裂解液等分至干净的微量离心管中，并测定总蛋白浓度。
贴壁细胞：
从细胞中去除培养基，用冰冷的PBS洗涤两次。去除PBS，加入细胞裂解缓冲液（推荐细胞裂解液浓度为2-5μg/mL），并在冰上孵育15分钟。收集细胞裂解液，并将其转移至微量离心管中。在2-8℃下以14000rpm离心10分钟。 将澄清的裂解液等分至干净的微量离心管中，并测定总蛋白浓度。裂解液应在-80°C下冷冻储存，或在收集后立即进行分析。冷冻样品避免多次反复冻融。分析前，将样品完全解冻、充分混合并通过离心（14000rpm，10分钟）来澄清，以防止堵塞过滤板。
推荐的细胞裂解缓冲液：
NP40细胞裂解缓冲液（货号FNN0021）
注意：使用NP40裂解缓冲液制备的裂解液必须在检测之前稀释至少5倍。
或者使用下述配方进行配置：50 mM Tris，pH 7.4，50 mM NaF，260 mM NaCl，1 mM Na3VO4，5 mM EDTA，0.02% NaN3，1% Nonidet P40
NP40细胞裂解缓冲液（不含蛋白酶抑制剂混合物和PMSF）在2-8°C下的稳定期为2-3周，或在-20°C下分装保存6个月。
使用前在NP40细胞裂解缓冲液中新鲜添加：
•1 mM PMSF（DMSO中的0.3 M原液）
•蛋白酶抑制剂混合物（Sigma，货号P-2714）
替代细胞提取缓冲液
细胞提取缓冲液（货号FNN0011）
注意：使用细胞提取缓冲液制备的裂解液必须在检测之前稀释至少10倍。
或者
10 mM Tris，pH 7.4
2 mM Na3VO4
100 mM NaCl
1% Triton X-100
1 mM EDTA
10% 甘油
1 mM EGTA
0.1% SDS
1 mM NaF
0.5% 脱氧胆酸盐
20 mM Na4P2O7
细胞提取缓冲液（不含蛋白酶抑制剂混合物和PMSF）在2-8°C下的稳定期为2-3周，或在-20°C下等分保存6个月。
使用前在细胞提取缓冲液中新鲜添加：
•1 mM PMSF（DMSO中的0.3 M原液）
•蛋白酶抑制剂混合物（Sigma，货号P-2714）
我们没有在内部专门测试唾液样本，因此这些说明只是我们的建议。唾液含有几种蛋白水解酶。将样品离心并确保不要将任何细胞材料或碎片移入测定板是很重要的。我们建议在样品中添加一些抗蛋白酶（例如，trasylol 或 aprotinine，10 至 50 U/mL）以保护蛋白质免受酶降解。然后，您可以在 4 摄氏度以 1000 x g 的速度将样品离心 10 分钟以去除颗粒。立即使用或在 -80 摄氏度下储存等分试样。避免多次冻融循环。
隔离牙齿周围的部位，将一张牙周滤纸插入牙齿周围的牙龈袋中，持续30秒。取出滤纸，在室温下使用50μL PBS提取4次，每次5分钟。每次提取物可以组合和单独进行分析。在应用于检测之前，用检测稀释液稀释2倍。
收集后，应立即将宫颈取样海绵放置于冰上。样品应在-20°C下储存长达一周，然后储存于-80°C直至需要检测准备。解冻后，应将海绵称重并放入Eppendorf管中，每次转移均要使用乙醇处理过的镊子进行。向每个管中加入200μL冰冷的提取缓冲液（配方见下文），并在4℃下孵育过夜。 然后将海绵和提取缓冲液转移到具有0.2μm醋酸纤维素过滤器的微量离心管中，并在4℃下以13000rpm离心10分钟。 然后测试洗脱液中的细胞因子表达。
提取缓冲液
50 mM HEPES，pH 7.5
1 mM Na3VO4
150 mM NaCl
1 mM NaF
1 mM EDTA
0.1% Tween 20
25 mM EGTA
10% 甘油
支气管肺泡灌洗（BAL）液应收集于无菌注射器中，并在分析之前持续保存于冰上。或者，可以将BAL等分至需用样品大小并冷冻（以便只会经历一次冻融）。分析前，所有样品需要通过离心（14000rpm，10分钟）和/或过滤来澄清，以防止堵塞过滤板。在应用于检测板之前，用检测稀释液稀释2倍。
分析前，所有样品需要通过离心（14000rpm，10分钟）和/或过滤来澄清，以防止堵塞过滤板。然而，CSF具有相对较低的粘度，并且除非存在感染状态（WBC的丰度），否则其不需要澄清并可以直接应用于检测。使用神经科学缓冲液试剂盒（货号LNB0001）中提供的检测稀释液稀释2倍。
将关节液收集到非肝素化管中，并在样品采集的30分钟内以1000×g离心10分钟。在进行随后的分析之前，关节液的无细胞部分应储存在-80℃。分析前，所有样品需要通过离心（14000rpm，10分钟）和/或过滤来澄清，以防止堵塞过滤板。在加入检测之前，用检测稀释液以1：1稀释样品。参考文献：Raza K等人（2005） 关节炎研究与治疗7（4）: R784–R795。
我们建议遵循下面提供的的方案，这是基于组织提取试剂I（货号FNN0071）开发并显示了ELISA和Luminex技术之间的良好相关性。该方法已应用于多种组织类型。但是，我们建议您针对所使用的每种组织样品进行优化。可以使用类似的提取试剂/裂解缓冲液。
1.在使用前将蛋白酶抑制剂添加到组织提取试剂中。
2.称量组织样品。
3.每1克组织加入10 mL组织提取试剂。
4.匀化组织。
5.以10000rpm离心样品5分钟以沉淀组织碎屑。
6.收集上清液。按照试剂盒中提供的操作步骤进行适当的稀释；这是为了防止/最小化提取液或裂解缓冲液中存在的去垢剂对抗体 - 抗原结合的潜在抑制。通常，组织匀浆或细胞裂解物（取决于所用的裂解缓冲液）需要稀释5至10倍，以将去垢剂浓度降低至≤0.01％。然而，基于目标细胞因子/蛋白质的浓度，不同的试剂盒/样品可能需要用检测稀释液或标准品稀释液进一步稀释。
注意：如果要储存样品，请将其等分并冷冻于-80°C。避免多次反复冻融。
细胞应处于对数生长期。在适当的细胞培养瓶中根据需要刺激细胞。使用无菌技术，用移液器吸移所需体积的条件细胞培养基，并将培养基转移到干净的聚丙烯微量离心管中。在冷冻微量离心机中，4℃ 14000rpm将培养基离心10分钟，以去除细胞或细胞碎屑。将澄清的培养基等分至干净的聚丙烯微量离心管。这些样品即可用于检测。或者，可将澄清的培养基样品等分并储存在-80℃用于将来分析。避免多次反复冻融。将冷冻样品置于冰上使其解冻，并应在解冻后立即进行测试。分析前，解冻的样品应立即在冷冻微量离心机中通过离心（4℃ 14000rpm离心10分钟）澄清，以防止堵塞Luminex探针和/或过滤板。遵循试剂盒提供的检测程序进行适当的稀释。
在冷冻离心机中以2000×g离心10分钟，将细胞从血浆样品中分离。需要在该力下离心以去除样品中的血小板。用无菌巴斯德移液器将上清液转移到冷却的干净聚丙烯管中。处理时使样品保持在2-8°C。
如果血浆有待日后分析，请将其分装至聚丙烯微量离心管并储存在-80℃。 避免多次反复冻融。分析之前，将样品置于冰上，使其解冻。所有血浆样品应在分析前在冷冻微量离心机中通过离心（4℃下以14000rpm转速离心10分钟）澄清。遵循试剂盒提供的检测程序进行适当的稀释。
应使用无热原/无内毒素的试管采集血清样品。将全血在室温下静置15-30分钟，使其凝固。在4℃冷冻离心机中以1000-2000×g离心10分钟以分离细胞。用无菌巴斯德移液器将上清液转移到冷却的干净聚丙烯管中。处理时使样品保持在2-8°C。
如果血清有待日后分析，请将其以0.5 mL体积分装后储存在-80℃。 避免多次反复冻融。如果可能，避免使用溶血或有脂血症的血清。我们建议，分析前，在解冻后立即通过离心（14000rpm，10分钟）和/或过滤来澄清样品，以防止堵塞过滤板和/或探针。按照试剂盒提供的检测程序进行适当的稀释。
Luminex xMAP技术基于聚苯乙烯或顺磁微球或微珠，其内部用不同强度的红色和红外荧光团标记。每个带颜色的微珠都有一个唯一的编号，称为“微珠区域”，以区分不同的微珠。对于Invitrogen多重免疫检测试剂盒，每个微珠组用一种捕获抗体包被以用于一种特定分析物的检测。然后可将多种分析物特异性微珠在96孔检测板的单个孔中混合，使用其中一种Luminex仪器同时进行多种靶标的检测和定量。我们提供使用聚苯乙烯珠或顺磁磁珠进行的多重检测试剂盒。观看视频(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kEdLGcGXrs4&feature=youtu.be)，了解如何在Luminex仪器平台上使用Invitrogen多重微珠试剂盒同时检测多种蛋白质。
具有确定光谱特性的微珠与蛋白质特异性捕获抗体偶联，并与样品（包括已知蛋白质浓度的标准品、对照样品和测试样品）一起添加到微孔板的孔中。靶蛋白在2小时的孵育过程中与捕获抗体结合。洗涤微珠后，加入蛋白质特异性生物素化的检测抗体，并与微珠一起孵育1小时。然后，去除过量的生物素化检测抗体，加入偶联有藻红蛋白的链霉亲和素，并孵育30分钟。 SAV-RPE与生物素化的检测抗体结合，形成四元固相夹心。洗涤去除未结合的SAV-RPE后，用Luminex检测系统分析微珠。通过监测微珠的光谱特性和相关的藻红蛋白（RPE）荧光的量，可以测定一种或多种蛋白质的浓度。Luminex技术与以下Luminex分析仪兼容：
•MAGPIX系统 — 经济实惠、高效、紧凑设计
•Luminex100/200系统 — 多功能、高效、广泛用于多重检测
•FLEXMAP 3D系统 — 高通量（同时分析高达500个）和自动化兼容
Here are possible causes and solutions for this issue:
- Check the protocol settings (make sure you select the correct DD settings).
- Check the level of sheath fluid and empty the waste.
- Before acquiring the plate, run calibration and verification beads on the Luminex instrument.
Find additional tips, troubleshooting help, and resources within our Protein Assays and Analysis Support Center.
Here are possible causes and solutions for this issue:
This usually indicates that the beads have been photobleached. This problem can also be caused by exposing the beads to organic solvents. Unfortunately, the assay will have to be repeated because the beads cannot be restored. The beads must be protected from light and organic solvents.
Alternatively, the instrument may be off in its measurements or you may have a calibration issue. Call the manufacturer for a service appointment.
Find additional tips, troubleshooting help, and resources within our Protein Assays and Analysis Support Center.
This indicates that an incorrect buffer was used for the final step. The Wash Solution provided in the kit must be used for washing the beads and the Reading Buffer should be used for resuspending the beads before loading them into the Luminex instrument. The osmolarity of the solution will impact the size of the bead, and any change in the bead size will alter detection by the instrument.
Find additional tips, troubleshooting help, and resources within our Protein Assays and Analysis Support Center.
Here are some suggestions:
- Before acquiring the plate, run calibration and verification beads on the Luminex instrument.
- Review the instrument settings and make sure they are appropriate for the assay being run (adjustment of needle height, make sure you select the correct bead gates and the correct DD settings).
- Shake the plate before acquisition on the instrument to resuspend the beads.
- Vortex the beads for 30 sec before adding them into the plate.
- Washing: Do not forget to keep the plate for about 2 mins on the Hand-Held Magnetic Plate Washer before emptying the plate.
Find additional tips, troubleshooting help, and resources within our Protein Assays and Analysis Support Center.
This pattern is indicative of a sample matrix effect. Here are some suggestions:
- Confirm that the sample has been clarified and is free of debris and free of lipids (5-10 min centrifugation recommended).
- Confirm that there is at least a 1:1 ratio of sample to assay diluent for serum, plasma samples. For cell lysates or tissue homogenates, confirm that the sample has been diluted appropriately in assay buffer to reduce the concentration of detergent in the lysis buffer to ⋜0.01%. For other sample types, further sample optimization may be required.
Find additional tips, troubleshooting help, and resources within our Protein Assays and Analysis Support Center.
Here are some suggestions:
- It is possible that the levels of your protein of interest fall below the detection limits of the assay. High Sensitivity Multiplex kits are available for most cytokines.
- Qualify your standard curve (look for plateaus, abnormal curve fits, outliers).
Find additional tips, troubleshooting help, and resources within our Protein Assays and Analysis Support Center.
Here are some suggestions:
- Sample optimization may be needed: Dilute the sample with an appropriate diluent and re-run.
- Qualify your standard curve (look for plateaus, abnormal curve fits, outliers).
Find additional tips, troubleshooting help, and resources within our Protein Assays and Analysis Support Center.
To process cell lysates (extract cellular proteins), follow the instructions provided here (https://assets.thermofisher.com/TFS-Assets/LSG/manuals/MAN0017835_PrepareCellLysates_Procartaplex_PI.pdf).
Find additional tips, troubleshooting help, and resources within our Protein Assays and Analysis Support Center.
We have not specifically tested saliva samples in-house and therefore these instructions are only our recommendation. Saliva contains several proteolytic enzymes. It would be important to centrifuge samples and be sure not to pipet any cellular material or debris into the assay plate. We would suggest adding some anti-protease in the sample (for example, trasylol or aprotinine, 10 to 50 U/mL) to protect the protein from enzyme degradation. You may then centrifuge the samples at 1000 x g at 4 degrees C for 10 mins to remove particulates. Use immediately or store aliquots at -80 degrees C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.
Find additional tips, troubleshooting help, and resources within our Protein Assays and Analysis Support Center.
We have not specifically tested oral mucosal transudate samples in-house and therefore these instructions are only our recommendation. Isolate the site around the tooth and insert a piece of periodontal filter paper into the gum pocket around the tooth for 30 seconds. Remove the filter paper and extract 4 times with 50 µL PBS for 5 min each at room temperature. The individual extractions can be combined and analyzed. Dilute 2-fold with Assay Diluent before applying to the assay.
Find additional tips, troubleshooting help, and resources within our Protein Assays and Analysis Support Center.
We have not specifically tested cervical secretion samples in-house and therefore these instructions are only our recommendation. Cervical sponges should be placed on ice immediately upon collection. Samples should be stored at -20 degrees C for up to one week and then stored at -80 degrees C until ready for assay. After thawing, sponges should be weighed and placed into Eppendorf tubes, using forceps cleaned with ethanol after each transfer. Add 200 µL of ice-cold extraction buffer (recipe below) to each tube and incubate overnight at 4 degrees C. The sponges and extraction buffer can then be transferred to microcentrifuge tubes with 0.2 µm cellulose acetate filters and centrifuged at 13,000 rpm for 10 min at 4 degrees C. The eluate can then be tested for cytokine expression.
Extraction Buffer
50 mM HEPES, pH 7.5
1 mM Na3VO4
150 mM NaCl
1 mM NaF
1 mM EDTA
0.1% Tween 20
25 mM EGTA
10% glycerol
Find additional tips, troubleshooting help, and resources within our Protein Assays and Analysis Support Center.
We have not specifically tested bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples in-house and therefore these instructions are only our recommendation. The bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) should be collected in a sterile syringe and kept on ice until you are ready to analyze it. Alternatively, BAL can be aliquoted and frozen in usable sample sizes (such that exposure to freeze-thaw is limited to one time). All samples need to be clarified by centrifugation (14,000 rpm for 10 min) and/or filtered prior to analysis to prevent clogging of the filter plates. Dilute 2-fold with Assay Diluent before applying to the plate.
Find additional tips, troubleshooting help, and resources within our Protein Assays and Analysis Support Center.
Centrifuge samples at 1,400 rpm for 10 mins at 4 degrees C to remove particulates. Use immediately or store aliquots at -80 degrees C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.
Find additional tips, troubleshooting help, and resources within our Protein Assays and Analysis Support Center.
We have not specifically tested synovial fluid samples in-house and therefore these instructions are only our recommendation. Collect synovial fluid into non-heparinized tubes and spin at 1,000 x g for 10 min within 30 min of sample collection. The acellular portion of synovial fluid should be stored at -80 degrees C before subsequent analysis. All samples need to be clarified by centrifugation (14,000 rpm for 10 min) and/or filtered prior to analysis to prevent clogging of the filter plates. Dilute samples 1:1 with Assay Diluent prior to addition to the assay. Reference: Raza K et al. (2005) Arthritis Research &Therapy 7(4): R784-R795.
Find additional tips, troubleshooting help, and resources within our Protein Assays and Analysis Support Center.
Collect spleen, lung, brain, kidney, liver, or heart tissue and treat with or without LPS (100 µg, i.p., for 15 mins, 30 mins, 1 hr, 2 hrs, or 3 hrs). Weigh tissue in a 2 mL microcentrifuge tube. Add 500 µL of Cell Lysis Buffer (Cat. No. EPX-99999-000) per 100 mg of tissue. Add one 5-mm Stainless Steel Bead, then assemble tubes into TissueLyser according to the manufacturer’s recommendations. We recommend using 5-mm Stainless Steel Beads from Qiagen (Cat. No. 69989). Homogenize tissue at 25 Hz for 0.5-3 mins as indicated in the table below. Centrifuge the sample at 16,000 × g for 10 mins at 4 degrees C. Transfer the supernatant to a new microcentrifuge tube. Measure the total protein concentration. Dilute samples to 10 mg protein/mL with 1X PBS. To proceed with ProcartaPlex protocol, add 25 µL of Universal Assay Buffer (Cat. No. EPX-11111-000) to 25 µL of the diluted sample to each sample well.
Find additional tips, troubleshooting help, and resources within our Protein Assays and Analysis Support Center.
Cells should be in log-phase growth. Stimulate cells as desired in appropriate cell culture flasks. Using sterile technique, remove the desired volume of conditioned cell culture medium with a pipette and transfer the medium to clean polypropylene microcentrifuge tubes. Centrifuge the medium at 14,000 rpm for 10 min at 4 degrees C in a refrigerated microcentrifuge to remove any cells or cellular debris. Aliquot the clarified medium into clean polypropylene microcentrifuge tubes. These samples are ready for the assay. Alternatively, clarified medium samples can be aliquoted and stored at -80 degrees C for future analysis. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. Frozen samples should be allowed to thaw on ice just prior to running the assay. Thawed samples should be clarified by centrifuging at 14,000 rpm for 10 min at 4 degrees C in a refrigerated microcentrifuge prior to analysis to prevent clogging of the Luminex probe and/or filter plate. Follow the assay procedure provided with the kit for appropriate dilutions.
Find additional tips, troubleshooting help, and resources within our Protein Assays and Analysis Support Center.
Separate the cells from the plasma samples by centrifugation at 2,000 x g for 10 min in a refrigerated centrifuge. Centrifugation at this force is necessary to deplete the sample of platelets. Transfer the supernatant to a chilled clean polypropylene tube with a sterile Pasteur pipette. Maintain the samples at 2-8 degrees C while handling.
If the plasma is to be analyzed at a later date, apportion it into aliquots in polypropylene microcentrifuge tubes and store at -80 degrees C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. When you are ready to analyze them, allow the samples to thaw on ice. All plasma samples should be clarified by centrifugation (14,000 rpm for 10 min at 4 degrees C) in a refrigerated microcentrifuge immediately prior to analysis. Follow the assay procedure provided with the kit for appropriate dilutions.
Find additional tips, troubleshooting help, and resources within our Protein Assays and Analysis Support Center.
Serum samples should be collected in pyrogen/endotoxin-free tubes. Whole blood should be allowed to clot for 20-30 mins at 20-25°C. Centrifuge at 1,000 x g for 10 mins at 20-25°C and collect the serum fraction. Alternatively, a serum separator tube can be used following the manufacturer's instructions. Use immediately or store aliquots at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.
Find additional tips, troubleshooting help, and resources within our Protein Assays and Analysis Support Center.
Luminex xMAP technology is based on polystyrene or paramagnetic microspheres, or beads, that are internally dyed with red and infrared fluorophores of differing intensities. Each dyed bead is given a unique number, known as a “bead region”, allowing the differentiation of beads. For ProcartaPlex multiplex immunoassay kits, individual bead sets are then coated with a capture antibody qualified for one specific analyte. Multiple analyte-specific beads can then be combined in a single well of a 96-well assay to detect and quantify multiple targets simultaneously, using one of the Luminex instruments for analysis.
Find additional tips, troubleshooting help, and resources within our Protein Assays and Analysis Support Center.
The Luminex assay is a bead-based immunoassay that uses beads of defined spectral properties conjugated to protein-specific capture antibodies and added along with samples (including standards of known protein concentration and test samples) into the wells of a microplate. The target protein binds to the capture antibodies over the course of a 2 hr incubation. After incubation on a shaker, the beads are washed by putting the 96-well plate on a flat magnet for 30 seconds, after which the fluid is discarded by flicking the wells or by using an automated plate washer. The magnet is removed, and the beads are resuspended in the detection antibody. Another incubation and wash are followed by the addition of streptavidin–R-phycoerythrin (SAPE). The beads are then washed and are ready to analyze. The Luminex technology is compatible with the following Luminex analyzers:
MAGPIX System-affordable, efficient, and compact
Luminex 200 System-versatile, efficient, and widely used in multiplexing
FLEXMAP 3D System-high throughput (up to 500 simultaneous assays) and automation compatible
Find additional tips, troubleshooting help, and resources within our Protein Assays and Analysis Support Center.