[Validation of a filtration vessel to determine regional blood flow of the heart using fluorescent microspheres]
AuthorsRaab S, Thein E, Harris AG, Habler O, Kleen M, Pape A, Meisner F, Messmer K
JournalBiomed Tech (Berl)
PubMed ID9859480
Role of intestinal mucus on the uptake of latex beads by Peyer's patches and on their transport to mesenteric lymph nodes in rats.
AuthorsKhan J, Iiboshi Y, Cui L, Wasa M, Okada A
JournalJPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr
PubMed ID9888413
BACKGROUND: The effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) as a mucolytic agent on the uptake of fluorescent polystyrene microparticles by Peyer's patches, on intestinal permeability, and on subsequent transport to mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) were investigated to establish the role of mucus gel layer in this process. METHODS: Twenty rats were divided ... More
Polarity influences the efficiency of recombinant adenoassociated virus infection in differentiated airway epithelia.
AuthorsDuan D, Yue Y, Yan Z, McCray PB, Engelhardt JF
JournalHum Gene Ther
PubMed ID9874274
To better understand mechanisms that limit rAAV transduction in the lung, we have evaluated several unique features of rAAV infection in polarized primary airway epithelial cultures. rAAV was found to transduce the basolateral surface of airway epithelia 200-fold more efficiently than the apical membrane. These differences in membrane infection correlated ... More
Pulmonary blood flow redistribution with low levels of positive end-expiratory pressure.
AuthorsKallas HJ, Domino KB, Glenny RW, Anderson EA, Hlastala MP
JournalAnesthesiology
PubMed ID9605690
BACKGROUND: Recent studies have questioned the importance of the gravitational model of pulmonary perfusion. Because low levels of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) are commonly used during anesthesia, the authors studied the distribution of pulmonary blood flow with low levels of PEEP using a high spatial resolution technique. They hypothesized that ... More
Contribution of the vertebral artery to cerebral circulation in the rat snake Elaphe obsoleta.
AuthorsZippel KC, Lillywhite HB, Mladinich CR
JournalJ Morphol
PubMed ID9768502
Blood supplying the brain in vertebrates is carried primarily by the carotid vasculature. In most mammals, cerebral blood flow is supplemented by the vertebral arteries, which anastomose with the carotids at the base of the brain. In other tetrapods, cerebral blood is generally believed to be supplied exclusively by the ... More
Innervation of tracheal epithelium and smooth muscle by neurons in airway ganglia.
AuthorsDey RD, Satterfield B, Altemus JB
JournalAnat Rec
PubMed ID9972801
The neurochemical profiles of neurons in ferret tracheal ganglia has been characterized, but their projections to smooth muscle and epithelium in ferret trachea has not been examined. The purpose of this study is to determine the location of cell bodies that project VIP-, SP-, and NPY-containing fibers to the ferret ... More
Enhanced laser thrombolysis with photomechanical drug delivery: an in vitro study.
AuthorsShangguan HQ, Gregory KW, Casperson LW, Prahl SA
JournalLasers Surg Med
PubMed ID9779649
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Current techniques for laser thrombolysis are limited because they can not completely clear thrombotic occlusions in arteries, typically leaving residual thrombus on the walls of the artery. The objective of this study was to investigate the possibility of using photomechanical drug delivery to enhance laser thrombolysis by ... More
Redistribution of pulmonary blood flow during unilateral hypoxia in prone and supine dogs.
We used fluorescent-labeled microspheres in pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs to study the effects of unilateral alveolar hypoxia on the pulmonary blood flow distribution. The left lung was ventilated with inspired O2 fraction of 1.0, 0.09, or 0.03 in random order; the right lung was ventilated with inspired O2 fraction of 1.0. The ... More
Major glutamatergic projection from subplate into visual cortex during development.
AuthorsFinney EM, Stone JR, Shatz CJ
JournalJ Comp Neurol
PubMed ID9703030
Subplate neurons, the first neurons of the cerebral cortex to differentiate and mature, are thought to be essential for the formation of connections between thalamus and cortex, such as the system of ocular dominance columns within layer 4 of visual cortex. To learn more about the requirement for subplate neurons ... More
Gravity is an important but secondary determinant of regional pulmonary blood flow in upright primates.
AuthorsGlenny RW, Bernard S, Robertson HT, Hlastala MP
JournalJ Appl Physiol
PubMed ID9931200
Original studies leading to the gravitational model of pulmonary blood flow and contemporary studies showing gravity-independent perfusion differ in the recent use of laboratory animals instead of humans. We explored the distribution of pulmonary blood flow in baboons because their anatomy, serial distribution of vascular resistances, and hemodynamic responses to ... More
Chemo-embolization of experimental liver metastases. Part I: distribution of biodegradable microspheres of different sizes in an animal model for the locoregional therapy.
AuthorsBastian P, Bartkowski R, Köhler H, Kissel T
JournalEur J Pharm Biopharm
PubMed ID9885295
An experimental in vivo rat model was established to simulate the embolization therapy of non-resectable liver metastases with microparticulate systems. The effects of biodegradable microspheres on a transplanted liver-tumor cell line in rat livers were investigated with respect to particle size. The distribution of fluorescence-labelled microspheres was investigated to characterize ... More
Altered systemic organ blood flow after combined injury with burn and smoke inhalation.
AuthorsSakurai H, Traber LD, Traber DL
JournalShock
PubMed ID9617888
Systemic organ blood flow was longitudinally determined with fluorescent microspheres after severe thermal injury in unanesthetized sheep. After chronic instrumentation, 20 sheep were subjected to combined injury with 40% body surface area third-degree burn and 48 breaths of cotton smoke insufflation. During the next 72 h of the experimental period, ... More
Spatial-frequency tuning and geniculocortical projections in the visual cortex (areas 17 and 18) of the pigmented ferret.
AuthorsBaker GE, Thompson ID, Krug K, Smyth D, Tolhurst DJ
JournalEur J Neurosci
PubMed ID9767395
We have examined the spatial-frequency selectivity of neurons in areas 17 and 18 of the adult pigmented ferret, by measuring how the amplitude of response depends on the spatial-frequency of moving sinusoidal gratings of optimal orientation and fixed contrast. Neurons in area 17 of the ferret respond optimally to low ... More
A method for quantifying differential expansion within hydrating hydrophilic matrixes by tracking embedded fluorescent microspheres.
AuthorsAdler J, Jayan A, Melia CD
JournalJ Pharm Sci
PubMed ID10052997
A method is described for quantifying the pattern of deformation within a matrix and is demonstrated by analyzing the expansion of polymer hydrophilic matrix tablets. The fundamental features of the method are the incorporation of nondiffusing markers into the matrix and the subsequent tracking of these markers during deformation. Since ... More
Flow cytometric characterization and classification of multiple dual-color fluorescent microspheres using fluorescence lifetime.
AuthorsKeij JF, Steinkamp JA
JournalCytometry
PubMed ID9822342
FlowMetrix (Luminex, Austin, TX) microspheres were recently introduced as a platform for bead-based assays involving antibodies, enzymes, toxins, and nucleic acids. The procedure involves classification of the microspheres by their orange and red fluorescence and quantitation of the BODIPY-tagged biological probes by their green fluorescence. In an attempt to increase ... More
Microparticle manipulation in millimetre scale ultrasonic standing wave chambers.
AuthorsHawkes JJ, Barrow D, Coakley WT
JournalUltrasonics
PubMed ID9735860
Ultrasonic standing wave chambers with acoustic pathlengths of 1.1 and 0.62 mm have been constructed. The chambers were driven at frequencies over the range 0.66-12.2 MHz. The behaviour of 2 microns diameter latex microparticles and 5 microns diameter yeast in the chambers has been elucidated. One (flow) chamber had a ... More
Blood velocity in an experimental iris tumor.
AuthorsPeyman GA, Khoobehi B, Moshfeghi A, Sonmez M, Moshfeghi D, Shaibani S, Alghadyan A
JournalOphthalmic Surg Lasers
PubMed ID9640574
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Greene strain melanoma was implanted into the irides of eight nonpigmented rabbits to evaluate the blood flow in tumor vasculature. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Conventional scanning laser ophthalmoscopy was used in conjunction with fluorescent microsphere angiography (FMA). Changes were documented on SVHS videotape for later analysis. Individual microsphere ... More
Pulmonary gas-exchange analysis by using simultaneous deposition of aerosolized and injected microspheres.
AuthorsAltemeier WA, Robertson HT, Glenny RW
JournalJ Appl Physiol
PubMed ID9843562
Numerical methods for determining end-capillary gas contents for ventilation-to-perfusion ratios were first developed in the late 1960s. In the 1970s these methods were applied to validate distributions of ventilation-to-perfusion ratios measured by the multiple inert-gas-elimination technique. We combined numerical gas analysis and fluorescent-microsphere measurements of ventilation and perfusion to predict ... More
The use of intravital microscopy in surgical research. 26-years of experience analyzed by studies presented at the Surgical Forum of the Annual Congress of the German Society of Surgery.
AuthorsVollmar B, Menger MD
JournalLangenbecks Arch Surg
PubMed ID9776457
Recent developments in intravital microscopy make this technique an attractive approach to studying microvascular, cellular, and molecular mechanisms of distinct surgical diseases. We investigated the value of this technique in surgical research laboratories by analyzing the studies presented during the past 26 years (1972-1997) at the Surgical Forum of the ... More
Site-specific confocal fluorescence imaging of biological microstructures in a turbid medium.
AuthorsSaloma C, Palmes-Saloma C, Kondoh H
JournalPhys Med Biol
PubMed ID9651037
Normally transparent biological structures in a turbid medium are imaged using a laser confocal microscope and multiwavelength site-specific fluorescence labelling. The spatial filtering capability of the detector pinhole in the confocal microscope limits the number of scattered fluorescent photons that reach the photodetector. Simultaneous application of different fluorescent markers on ... More
Hyperoxia and local organ blood flow in the developing chick embryo.
Authorsvan Golde JM, Mulder TA, Scheve E, Prinzen FW, Blanco CE
JournalJ Physiol
PubMed ID9925893
1. Hyperoxia can cause local vasoconstriction in adult animal organs as a protective mechanism against hyperoxia-induced toxicity. It is not known at what time during development this vasoconstrictor capacity is present. Therefore, we measured the cardiac output (CO) distribution in different organs during a period of acute hyperoxia (100 % ... More
Positive end-expiratory pressure redistributes perfusion to dependent lung regions in supine but not in prone lambs.
OBJECTIVE: To examine the influence of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) and posture on the distribution of pulmonary blood flow. DESIGN: Experimental study. SETTING: University animal laboratory. SUBJECTS: Seven anesthetized and mechanically-ventilated lambs. INTERVENTIONS: Four conditions were studied in random order: prone or supine position, with or without 5 cm H2O ... More
Acoustic standing-wave enhancement of a fiber-optic Salmonella biosensor.
AuthorsZhou C, Pivarnik P, Rand AG, Letcher SV
JournalBiosens Bioelectron
PubMed ID9684310
An enhanced fluorescent fiber-optic biosensor system using ultrasonic concentration of particles and cells has been developed and applied in the detection of Salmonella typhimurium. A biosensor test chamber also serves as an ultrasonic standing-wave cell that allows microspheres or cells to be concentrated in parallel layers or in a column ... More
Continuous wave excitation two-photon fluorescence microscopy exemplified with the 647-nm ArKr laser line.
AuthorsBooth MJ, Hell SW
JournalJ Microsc
PubMed ID9674155
We report on efficient two-photon fluorescence imaging in beam scanning microscopy by exciting UV dyes at the 647-nm line of a continuous wave ArKr mixed gas laser. For a numerical aperture of 1.4 (oil), we used an illumination power of up to 210 mW at the sample. High-resolution images were ... More
Delivery of colloidal particles and red blood cells to tissue through microvessel ruptures created by targeted microbubble destruction with ultrasound.
AuthorsPrice RJ, Skyba DM, Kaul S, Skalak TC
JournalCirculation
PubMed ID9751673
BACKGROUND: We have previously shown that the application of ultrasound to thin-shelled microbubbles flowing through small microvessels (<7 microm in diameter) produces vessel wall ruptures in vivo. Because many intravascular drug- and gene-delivery vehicles are limited by the endothelial barrier, we hypothesized that this phenomenon could be used to deliver ... More
Evaluation of a flow cytometric method for simultaneous leukocyte phenotyping and quantification by fluorescent microspheres.
AuthorsSchlenke P, Frohn C, Klüter H, Saballus M, Hammers HJ, Zajac SR, Kirchner H
JournalCytometry
PubMed ID9822341
We describe a flow cytometric method using a newly designed product, fluorochrome-containing microspheres (Flow Count fluorospheres), which facilitates the precise quantification of cells in whole blood samples or heterogeneous cell suspensions on a single-cell level. These microparticles are easily distinguishable from other events of interest and can be detected by ... More
Neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus that project to the rostral ventrolateral medulla are not activated by hypotension.
AuthorsBadoer E
JournalBrain Res
PubMed ID9729400
The retrogradely-transported tracer, rhodamine-tagged microspheres was injected into the pressor region of the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) to enable detection of paraventricular neurons in the hypothalamus that project to the RVLM. The protein, Fos, was detected immunohistochemically and used to highlight neurons that were activated by hypotension (-16+/-5 mmHg) induced ... More
Brainstem origin of corticotropin-releasing factor afferents to the nucleus interpositus anterior of the cat.
AuthorsBishop GA
JournalJ Chem Neuroanat
PubMed ID9797072
Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) has been described within varicosities that have a uniform distribution throughout the cerebellar nuclei of the cat. To date, however, no data are available as to the source of these nuclear afferents. Thus, a double-label technique was used to identify brainstem neurons which give rise to the ... More
Expression of a dopamine D2 receptor-activated K+ channel on identified striatopallidal and striatonigral neurons.
AuthorsWaszczak BL, Martin LP, Greif GJ, Freedman JE
JournalProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
PubMed ID9736755
One view of the efferent circuitry of the basal ganglia holds that dopamine D1 and D2 receptors are segregated to striatonigral and striatopallidal neurons, respectively. The present studies investigated whether functional D2-like receptors are, in fact, restricted to striatopallidal neurons. Single, freshly dissociated cells from rat striatum were identified as ... More
Macrophages induce cellular immunity by activating Th1 cell responses and suppressing Th2 cell responses.
AuthorsDesmedt M, Rottiers P, Dooms H, Fiers W, Grooten J
JournalJ Immunol
PubMed ID9605128
Differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells (Th0) into Th1 or Th2 cells determines whether antigen will raise a cellular or a humoral immune response. The maturation pathway chosen by the Th0 cell is often decisive for the outcome of disease and depends among others on the (co-)stimulatory attributes of the ... More
Lamina-specific cell adhesion on living slices of hippocampus.
AuthorsFörster E, Kaltschmidt C, Deng J, Cremer H, Deller T, Frotscher M
JournalDevelopment
PubMed ID9693143
Laminar distribution of fiber systems is a characteristic feature of hippocampal organization. Ingrowing afferents, e.g. the fibers from the entorhinal cortex, terminate in specific layers, which implies the existence of laminar recognition cues. To identify cues that are involved in the laminar segregation of fiber systems in the hippocampus, we ... More
Regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation using paclitaxel-loaded poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(lactide/glycolide) nanospheres.
AuthorsSuh H, Jeong B, Rathi R, Kim SW
JournalJ Biomed Mater Res
PubMed ID9773830
Available data suggest that drugs should be delivered to a vascular lesion at a high concentration over an extended period of time to control vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation. This study was undertaken to formulate a paclitaxel, an antimicrotubule agent, into a biodegradable poly (ethylene oxide)-poly(lactide/glycolide) (PEO-PLGA) nanosphere as ... More
Multiplexed analysis of human cytokines by use of the FlowMetrix system.
AuthorsOliver KG, Kettman JR, Fulton RJ
JournalClin Chem
PubMed ID9733011
Quantification and distribution of cerebral emboli during cardiopulmonary bypass in the swine: the impact of PaCO2.
AuthorsPlöchl W, Cook DJ
JournalAnesthesiology
PubMed ID9915327
BACKGROUND: Patients undergoing cardiac surgery have a substantial incidence of neurologic complications related to cerebral embolization during cardiopulmonary bypass. The purpose of this study was to determine if adjustments in the arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2) level can reduce cerebral and ocular embolization. METHODS: Twenty pigs underwent cardiopulmonary bypass at 38 ... More
Pyridoxalated hemoglobin polyoxyethylene conjugate reverses hyperdynamic circulation in septic sheep.
We investigated the effects of modified hemoglobin on regional blood flow and function of different organs during hyperdynamic sepsis. Fourteen sheep were surgically prepared for the study. After a 5-day recovery period, a continuous infusion of live Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria was begun and maintained for 48 h. At 24 h, ... More
Use of optical traps in single-molecule study of nonprocessive biological motors.
AuthorsMehta AD, Finer JT, Spudich JA
JournalMethods Enzymol
PubMed ID9751902
Regional myocardial perfusion and mechanics: a model-based method of analysis.
AuthorsMazhari R, Omens JH, Waldman LK, McCulloch AD
JournalAnn Biomed Eng
PubMed ID9779946
A new parametric model-based method has been developed that allows epicardial strain distributions to be computed on the left ventricular free wall in normal and ischemic myocardium and integrated with the regional distributions of anatomic and physiological measurements so that underlying relationships can be explored. An array of radiopaque markers ... More
Morphological and functional evidence, and clinical importance, of vascular anastomoses in the latissimus dorsi muscle of the sheep.
Mobilisation of the latissimus dorsi muscle as a functional graft necessarily involves division of perforating arteries that enter the distal portion of the muscle, rendering it vulnerable to ischaemic damage when the muscle is stimulated electrically. Using a fluorescent microsphere technique we showed that the blood flow contributed by the ... More
Evaluation of dynamic changes in microvascular flow during ischemia-reperfusion by myocardial contrast echocardiography.
AuthorsGaliuto L, DeMaria AN, May-Newman K, Del Balzo U, Ohmori K, Bhargava V, Flaim SF, Iliceto S
JournalJ Am Coll Cardiol
PubMed ID9768738
BACKGROUND: Dynamic changes of myocardial blood flow have been observed after reperfusion of an occluded coronary artery. MCE performed by intracoronary contrast injection can provide an estimate of microvascular flow. We hypothesized that MCE performed using intravenous infusion of a new generation contrast agent and electrocardiogram-gated harmonic imaging would be ... More
Relating the phagocytosis of microparticles by alveolar macrophages to surface chemistry: the effect of 1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine.
AuthorsEvora C, Soriano I, Rogers RA, Shakesheff KN, Hanes J, Langer R
JournalJ Control Release
PubMed ID9685911
This study examines the potential of 1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), a major component of lung surfactant, to reduce the phagocytosis of microspheres by altering the cellular interactions occurring in the alveoli. These microspheres could be designed to act as a controlled delivery system for small molecules, peptides or proteins for pulmonary administration. ... More
Effects of cholecystokinin on gastric injury and gastric mucosal blood flow.
AuthorsCross JM, Chang L, Mercer DW
JournalJ Gastrointest Surg
PubMed ID9834417
Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a vasodilator and prevents gastric injury from ethanol. Its effects against other irritants are unknown. This study was conducted to (1) assess whether CCK or oleate, a CCK secretagogue, could prevent gastric injury from other damaging agents and (2) examine the role of blood flow in CCK-induced ... More
A rapid, sensitive, multiplexed assay for detection of viral nucleic acids using the FlowMetrix system.
AuthorsSmith PL, WalkerPeach CR, Fulton RJ, DuBois DB
JournalClin Chem
PubMed ID9733009
[Validation of a robot for determination of regional perfusion with fluorescent microspheres]
AuthorsThein E, Raab S, Harris AG, Kleen M, Habler O, Pape A, Meisner F, Messmer K
JournalBiomed Tech (Berl)
PubMed ID9859479
Partial functional deficiency of E160D flap endonuclease-1 mutant in vitro and in vivo is due to defective cleavage of DNA substrates.
AuthorsFrank G, Qiu J, Somsouk M, Weng Y, Somsouk L, Nolan JP, Shen B
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID9830061
To assess the roles of the active site residues Glu160 and Asp181 of human FEN-1 nuclease in binding and catalysis of the flap DNA substrate and in vivo biological processes of DNA damage and repair, five different amino acids were replaced at each site through site-directed mutagenesis of the FEN-1 ... More
Flow-function relations during graded coronary occlusions in the dog: effects of transmural location and segment orientation.
AuthorsMcCulloch AD, Sung D, Wilson JM, Pavelec RS, Omens JH
JournalCardiovasc Res
PubMed ID9659447
OBJECTIVE: The sensitive relationship between regional myocardial perfusion and local systolic deformation during acute myocardial ischemia is not independent of the transmural location or segment orientation. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of fiber orientation and transmural location on the relationships between regional myocardial flow and ... More
Phagocytic function of salivary PMN after smoking or secondary smoking.
AuthorsNumabe Y, Ogawa T, Kamoi H, Kiyonobu K, Sato S, Kamoi K, Deguchi S
JournalAnn Periodontol
PubMed ID9722694
Alterations in polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) functions, such as phagocytosis, chemotaxis, and oxidative burst, play a pivotal role in periodontal pathogenesis. In addition, previous studies have demonstrated a strong relationship between smoking and periodontal disease. In the present study, the effect of cigarette smoking or passive smoking (secondary smoking) on the ... More
Fluorescent microspheres are superior to radioactive microspheres in chronic blood flow measurements.
The accuracy of the fluorescent (FM) and radioactive microsphere (RM) techniques is similar in acute experiments but has not been established in chronic experiments. In the present study various combinations (at least pairs) of FM and/or RM labels were injected simultaneously between 2 mo and 5 min before each animal ... More
Coordinated clearance of periciliary liquid and mucus from airway surfaces.
AuthorsMatsui H, Randell SH, Peretti SW, Davis CW, Boucher RC
JournalJ Clin Invest
PubMed ID9739046
Airway surface liquid is comprised of mucus and an underlying, watery periciliary liquid (PCL). In contrast to the well-described axial transport of mucus along airway surfaces via ciliary action, theoretical analyses predict that the PCL is nearly stationary. Conventional and confocal microscopy of fluorescent microspheres and photoactivated fluorescent dyes were ... More
The emergence of flow cytometry for sensitive, real-time measurements of molecular interactions.
AuthorsNolan JP, Sklar LA
JournalNat Biotechnol
PubMed ID9661195
The analysis of macromolecular interactions is an essential element of biomedical research. Flow cytometry is uniquely capable of making sensitive and quantitative measurements of molecular interactions. These measurements can be made in real time with subsecond kinetic resolution using purified biomolecules or living cells. Combined with automated sample handling, these ... More
Specific cell wall proteins confer resistance to nisin upon yeast cells.
AuthorsDielbandhoesing SK, Zhang H, Caro LH, van der Vaart JM, Klis FM, Verrips CT, Brul S
JournalAppl Environ Microbiol
PubMed ID9758839
The cell wall of a yeast cell forms a barrier for various proteinaceous and nonproteinaceous molecules. Nisin, a small polypeptide and a well-known preservative active against gram-positive bacteria, was tested with wild-type Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This peptide had no effect on intact cells. However, removal of the cell wall facilitated access ... More
MRL/lpr and MRL+/+ macrophage DNA synthesis in the absence and the presence of colony-stimulating factor-1 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor.
AuthorsHamilton JA, Chan J, Byrne RJ, Bischof RJ, Jaworowski A, Kanagasundaram V
JournalJ Immunol
PubMed ID9862711
Macrophage accumulation and proliferation as well as altered macrophage properties have been observed in autoimmune MRL mice. To determine whether there might be innate differences in the proliferative responses, we examined the DNA synthesis responses of peritoneal macrophages and macrophages derived in vitro from bone marrow precursors (bone marrow-derived macrophages ... More
Functional diameters of alveolar microvessels at high lung volume in zone II.
AuthorsConhaim RL, Rodenkirch LA
JournalJ Appl Physiol
PubMed ID9655754
To estimate the functional diameter of alveolar microvessels, we perfused isolated rat lungs with fluorescent latex particles (1 diameter/lung) at inflation, pulmonary arterial, and left atrial pressures of 25, 30, and 0 cmH2O, respectively. We used confocal microscopy to count latex particles within septal microvessels and flow cytometry to count ... More
Reversal of blood flow in experimental branch retinal vein occlusion.
AuthorsPeyman GA, Khoobehi B, Moshfeghi A, Moshfeghi D
JournalOphthalmic Surg Lasers
PubMed ID9674011
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate that the obstructed vascular lumen of the experimentally induced branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) induces retrograde blood flow, resulting in flow from the occluded vein to the feeder arterioles. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Photocoagulation was used to create occlusion of the branch retinal vein in a ... More
Multiplexed quantification of human IgG, IgA, and IgM with the FlowMetrix system.
AuthorsGordon RF, McDade RL
JournalClin Chem
PubMed ID9299987
Colocalization of substance P or enkephalin in serotonergic neuronal afferents to the hypoglossal nucleus in the rat.
AuthorsHenry JN, Manaker S
JournalJ Comp Neurol
PubMed ID9486827
The serotonergic innervation of the hypoglossal nucleus originates from the caudal raphe nuclei. Non-serotonergic neurons in the caudal raphe nuclei also project to the hypoglossal nucleus. We employed a triple-fluorescence technique to determine whether the substance P- or the enkephalin-containing neurons in the caudal raphe nuclei that projected to the ... More
Sources of subcortical projections to the superior colliculus in the ferret.
AuthorsJiang ZD, Moore DR, King AJ
JournalBrain Res
PubMed ID9175895
We have identified brainstem and other subcortical afferents to the superior colliculus (SC) in the ferret, by examining the pattern of retrograde labelling that resulted from unilateral injections of red and green fluorescent latex microspheres or of wheat germ agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase into different regions of this midbrain ... More
Intramural blood flow of skeletal muscle ventricles functioning as aortic counterpulsators.
Authorsvan Doorn CA, Degens H, Bhabra MS, Till CB, Shaw TE, Jarvis JC, Salmons S, Hooper TL
JournalAnn Thorac Surg
PubMed ID9236340
BACKGROUND: Skeletal muscle ventricles (SMVs) working as aortic counterpulsators have provided long-term left ventricular assistance under experimental conditions. However, gradual deterioration of SMV pump function and rupture have been observed, and this may be related to compromised intramural blood flow during synchronized counterpulsation under systemic working conditions. METHODS: Transformed, double-layered ... More
Sensitive bioaffinity assays with individual microparticles and time-resolved fluorometry.
Future immunoassays and nucleic acid hybridization assays will be performed in miniaturized formats that utilize microchips or microparticles. This will require a sensitive detection technology that allows spatial resolution. By using fluorescent europium chelates and time-resolved microfluorometry, one can detect 11,000 europium molecules on individual microparticles. In a miniaturized noncompetitive ... More
Alteration of hepatic microcirculation by oxethazaine and some vasoconstrictors in the perfused rat liver.
AuthorsMasuda Y, Ozaki M, Oguma T
JournalBiochem Pharmacol
PubMed ID9256152
We previously reported that, in isolated perfused rat livers in a constant flow system, oxethazaine (OXZ) rapidly increased portal pressure (PP) accompanied by inhibition of oxygen uptake and the subsequent metabolic effects. In this study, hemodynamic changes were studied by using an indicator dilution technique and by microscopic observation of ... More
Platelet adhesion onto artificial surfaces: inhibition by benzamidine, pentamidine, and pyridoxal-5-phosphate as demonstrated by flow cytometric quantification of platelet adhesion to microspheres.
AuthorsGemmell CH
JournalJ Lab Clin Med
PubMed ID9452131
An appreciable effort is directed toward designing strategies to minimize platelet interactions with artificial surfaces, because their reactivity is thought to promote thrombus formation and lead to materials failure. Although platelet glycoprotein Ib/IX (GPIb/IX) and glycoprotein IIb/IIa (GPIIb/IIIa) receptors are thought to mediate adhesion, whether GPIIb/IIIa receptors are activated and ... More
A rapid and sensitive method for non-isotopic quantitation of HIV-1 RNA using thermophilic SDA and flow cytometry.
AuthorsMehrpouyan M, Bishop JE, Ostrerova N, Van Cleve M, Lohman KL
JournalMol Cell Probes
PubMed ID9375293
Thermophilic strand displacement amplification (tSDA) is an isothermal DNA amplification technique that proceeds at 55-60 degrees C using both a thermostable restriction enzyme and a DNA polymerase. A modification of this system has been developed that allows the simultaneous amplification and detection of a DNA target by the addition of ... More
Niche overlap among three species of pinworm parasitic in the hindgut of the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana.
AuthorsConnor S, Adamson M
JournalJ Parasitol
PubMed ID9576494
Individual American cockroaches, Periplaneta americana, often harbor 3 species of pinworm (Oxyurida: Nematoda) Thelastoma bulhoesi, Leidynema appendiculatum, and Hammerschmidtiella diesingi, simultaneously. We looked for evidence of trophic niche segregation based on differences in size preference among the 3 species. Fluorescent beads of 1, 3, 6, and 10 microm diameter were ... More
Enhanced oral uptake of tomato lectin-conjugated nanoparticles in the rat.
AuthorsHussain N, Jani PU, Florence AT
JournalPharm Res
PubMed ID9165532
PURPOSE: To investigate the usefulness of a surface-conjugated, bioadhesive molecule, tomato lectin, to augment intestinal uptake of orally administered inert nanoparticles. METHODS: Fluorescent 500 nm polystyrene nanoparticles with tomato lectin covalently surface coupled using a carbodiimide reaction were administered to female Wistar rats by oral gavage daily for 5 days. ... More
The sensitive detection and quantitation of antibody to HCV by using a microsphere-based immunoassay and flow cytometry.
AuthorsMcHugh TM, Viele MK, Chase ES, Recktenwald DJ
JournalCytometry
PubMed ID9332816
Antibody to HCV core and NS3 was quantified by using a microsphere immunoassay and flow cytometry. Antibody to core and NS3 was elevated in the 85 seropositive blood donors tested. The amount of either antibody varied over two logs although greater variation was seen with the antibody to NS3 than ... More
Hind leg heat balance in obese Zucker rats during exercise.
To analyse the effect of obesity on exercise-derived heat dissipation, lean and obese Zucker rats were exercised on an inclined treadmill until they would no longer run with gentle prodding. We measured their oxygen consumption, water vapour loss, the concentrations of adenosine tri- and diphosphate, creatine phosphate, and lactate in ... More
Fetal sheep adrenal blood flow responses to hypoxemia after splanchnicotomy using fluorescent microspheres.
AuthorsBuchwalder LF, Lin M, McDonald TJ, Nathanielsz PW
JournalJ Appl Physiol
PubMed ID9451621
Adrenal gland blood flow (ABF) increases during hypoxemia in fetal sheep, but regulation of ABF is poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of splanchnic nerve section on fetal ABF responses to hypoxemia using the fluorescent microsphere (FM) technique. At 125 days of gestation, 14 ... More
Neuropeptide FF in the lateral spinal and lateral cervical nuclei: evidence of contacts on spinothalamic neurons.
AuthorsAarnisalo AA, Panula P
JournalExp Brain Res
PubMed ID9535565
Neuropeptide FF (NPFF, F8Famide) is best known for its modulating effect on opioid analgesia and morphine tolerance. However, the exact mode of action of NPFF in sensory transmission is not known. We compared the distribution of NPFF-immunoreactive (ir) fibers and terminal-like thickenings with the retrograde, tracer-filled spinothalamic (ST) neurons in ... More
Differential localization of myosin and myosin phosphatase subunits in smooth muscle cells and migrating fibroblasts.
AuthorsMurata K, Hirano K, Villa-Moruzzi E, Hartshorne DJ, Brautigan DL
JournalMol Biol Cell
PubMed ID9247646
Myosin II light chains (MLC20) are phosphorylated by a Ca2+/calmodulin-activated kinase and dephosphorylated by a phosphatase that has been purified as a trimer containing the delta isoform of type 1 catalytic subunit (PP1C delta), a myosin-binding 130-kDa subunit (M130) and a 20-kDa subunit. The distribution of M130 and PP1C as ... More
Role of nitric oxide-related mechanisms in renal function in ageing rats.
BACKGROUND: The impaired renal function and vasodilatation that accompany age need to be re-addressed based upon the new knowledge concerning vascular nitric oxide (NO)-dependent systems. The present study examined the effects of age on the NO-related renal response. METHODS: The study was performed in euvolaemic, conscious Wistar rats, aged 5 ... More
Anesthetic-induced preconditioning: previous administration of isoflurane decreases myocardial infarct size in rabbits.
AuthorsCason BA, Gamperl AK, Slocum RE, Hickey RF
JournalAnesthesiology
PubMed ID9366471
BACKGROUND: Experimental evidence suggests that ATP-sensitive potassium channels are involved in myocardial ischemic preconditioning. Because some pharmacologic effects of isoflurane are mediated by K(ATP) channels, the authors tested the hypothesis: Isoflurane administration, before myocardial ischemia, can induce or mimic myocardial preconditioning. METHODS: Myocardial infarct size was measured in three groups ... More
Detection and analysis of tracers in experimental drowning.
AuthorsBajanowski T, Brinkmann B, Stefanec AM, Barckhaus RH, Fechner G
JournalInt J Legal Med
PubMed ID9541851
In animal experiments, studies on the mechanisms involved in drowning were carried out using latex and gold tracers of defined size and concentration. The tracers were detectable by fluorescence microscopy (latex tracers) and by electron microscopy (gold tracers) in the lungs, kidneys and lymph nodes and were analysed further by ... More
Sustained local drug delivery to the arterial wall via biodegradable microspheres.
AuthorsDev V, Eigler N, Fishbein MC, Tian Y, Hickey A, Rechavia E, Forrester JS, Litvack F
JournalCathet Cardiovasc Diagn
PubMed ID9213032
This study was designed to evaluate the feasibility of applying locally delivered polylactic acid microspheres for drug delivery to the arterial wall. To study drug persistence, rhodamine-loaded microspheres were infused into one carotid artery of 14 rabbits and plain rhodamine solution into the other by using a porous balloon. To ... More
The coupling of alpha6beta4 integrin to Ras-MAP kinase pathways mediated by Shc controls keratinocyte proliferation.
AuthorsMainiero F, Murgia C, Wary KK, Curatola AM, Pepe A, Blumemberg M, Westwick JK, Der CJ, Giancotti FG
JournalEMBO J
PubMed ID9171350
The signaling pathways linking integrins to nuclear events are incompletely understood. We have examined intracellular signaling by the alpha6beta4 integrin, a laminin receptor expressed in basal keratinocytes and other cells. Ligation of alpha6beta4 in primary human keratinocytes caused tyrosine phosphorylation of Shc, recruitment of Grb2, activation of Ras and stimulation ... More
Basilar membrane vibration in the gerbil hemicochlea.
AuthorsRichter CP, Evans BN, Edge R, Dallos P
JournalJ Neurophysiol
PubMed ID9582202
Excised gerbil cochleae were cut along the mid-modiolar plane (hemicochlea). Along one-half turn of this preparation, fluorescent microbeads were placed on the basilar membrane (BM). The BM was vibrated with click stimuli (50 micros) produced mechanically by a piezo pusher. The stimulus delivery probe could be positioned either more apical ... More
Cytokine control of PMN phagocytosis: regulatory effects of hypoxemia and hypoxemia-reoxygenation.
We investigated the effects of hypoxemia and hypoxemia-reoxygenation (H/R) on interleukin-8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), or IL-1beta stimulation of whole blood polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) phagocytosis and bactericidal activity. Whole blood PMN were rendered hypoxemic (venous PO2 < 15 mmHg), normoxic (venous PO2 60-80 mmHg), or reoxygenated after hypoxemia (H/ ... More
Expression of cholecystokinin messenger RNA in reciprocally-connected auditory thalamus and cortex in the rat.
AuthorsSenatorov VV, Trudeau VL, Hu B
JournalNeuroscience
PubMed ID9219954
Cholecystokinin exerts a potent antiepileptic action in mammalian auditory system and undergoes seizure-mediated up-regulation. The present study investigated cholecystokinin messenger RNA expression in the reciprocally-connected auditory thalamus and cortex in the rat. Immunofluorescence in situ hybridization was performed using a 24-base cholecystokinin-messenger RNA oligonucleotide probe. Corticothalamic projection neurons were identified ... More
Pulmonary blood flow redistribution by increased gravitational force.
AuthorsHlastala MP, Chornuk MA, Self DA, Kallas HJ, Burns JW, Bernard S, Polissar NL, Glenny RW
JournalJ Appl Physiol
PubMed ID9516194
This study was undertaken to assess the influence of gravity on the distribution of pulmonary blood flow (PBF) using increased inertial force as a perturbation. PBF was studied in unanesthetized swine exposed to -Gx (dorsal-to-ventral direction, prone position), where G is the magnitude of the force of gravity at the ... More
Advanced multiplexed analysis with the FlowMetrix system.
AuthorsFulton RJ, McDade RL, Smith PL, Kienker LJ, Kettman JR
JournalClin Chem
PubMed ID9299971
The FlowMetrix System is a multiplexed data acquisition and analysis platform for flow cytometric analysis of microsphere-based assays that performs simultaneous measurement of up to 64 different analytes. The system consists of 64 distinct sets of fluorescent microspheres and a standard benchtop flow cytometer interfaced with a personal computer containing ... More
Conversion by Peyer's patch lymphocytes of human enterocytes into M cells that transport bacteria.
The epithelium that lines the gut is impermeable to macromolecules and microorganisms, except in Peyer's patches (PPs), where the lymphoid follicle-associated epithelium (FAE) contains M cells that transport antigens and microorganisms. A cultured system that reproduces the main characteristics of FAE and M cells was established by cultivation of PP ... More
A flow cytometric immunoassay for beta2-microglobulin in whole blood.
AuthorsBishop JE, Davis KA
JournalJ Immunol Methods
PubMed ID9502586
Flow cytometers can discriminate a single particle type in an unwashed whole blood sample. Utilizing this capability. we devised a homogeneous bead-immobilized sandwich immunoassay for soluble beta2M (beta2-microglobulin) in whole blood, utilizing an antibody that discriminates soluble from cellular beta2M. A 4 microm bead was chosen that fluoresces only in ... More
Activation of human dendritic cells following infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
AuthorsHenderson RA, Watkins SC, Flynn JL
JournalJ Immunol
PubMed ID9218578
Dendritic cells (DC) play an essential role in the initiation of primary T cell responses to foreign Ag. It is likely that these potent APC are critical in the initiation of immune responses to pathogens, such as bacteria or parasites. However, little is known about the interaction of these important ... More
Cardiac output distribution in the chick embryo from stage 36 to 45.
AuthorsMulder TL, van Golde JC, Prinzen FW, Blanco CE
JournalCardiovasc Res
PubMed ID9231035
OBJECTIVE: The distribution of cardiac output to different organs is well described in the mammalian fetus. Chick embryos are not often used in perinatal cardiovascular research and therefore it is not known whether they can serve as an animal model for this purpose. In this study we documented cardiac output ... More
Expression of chemokine receptors by endothelial cells: detection by intravital microscopy using chemokine-coated fluorescent microspheres.
AuthorsFingar VH, Guo HH, Lu ZH, Peiper SC
JournalMethods Enzymol
PubMed ID9356993
Photonic force microscope based on optical tweezers and two-photon excitation for biological applications.
AuthorsFlorin EL, Pralle A, Hörber JK, Stelzer EH
JournalJ Struct Biol
PubMed ID9245760
A new scanning probe microscope, the photonic force microscope (PFM), based on optical tweezers and two-photon absorption processes for biological applications is described. Optical tweezers are used to trap a fluorescent latex bead with a diameter of 200 nm in an aqueous solution in all three dimensions. The fluorescent dye ... More
Removal of retrogradely transported material from rat lumbosacral alpha-motor axons by paranodal axon-Schwann cell networks.
AuthorsGatzinsky KP, Persson GH, Berthold CH
JournalGlia
PubMed ID9179596
The aim of this study was to investigate the potential ability of Schwann cells to sequester axonally transported material via so called axon-Schwann cell networks (ASNs). These are entities consisting of sheets of Schwann cell adaxonal plasma membrane that invade the axon and segregate portions of axoplasm in paranodes of ... More
Determination of bacterial cell surface hydrophobicity of single cells in cultures and in wastewater in situ.
AuthorsZita A, Hermansson M
JournalFEMS Microbiol Lett
PubMed ID9273312
Bacterial cell surface hydrophobicity is one of the most important factors that influence bacterial adhesion. A new method microsphere adhesion to cells, for measuring bacterial cell surface hydrophobicity was developed. Microsphere adhesion to cells is based on microscopic enumeration of hydrophobic, fluorescent microspheres attaching to the bacterial surface. Cell surface ... More
Immunofluorescence in situ hybridization (IFISH) in neurones retrogradely labelled with rhodamine latex microspheres.
AuthorsSenatorov VV, Trudeau VL, Hu B
JournalBrain Res Brain Res Protoc
PubMed ID9385047
The method of non-radioactive in situ hybridization was developed as an alternative to radioactive assay because of the difficulties and disadvantages of the safety measures required, extensive time required for autoradiography (especially with 3H-labelled probes) and limited cellular resolution obtained using 32P- and 35S-labelled probes. This method holds great potential ... More
Relative chlorinating, nitrating, and oxidizing capabilities of neutrophils determined with phagocytosable probes.
AuthorsJiang Q, Hurst JK
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID9407050
The capabilities of stimulated neutrophils to initiate intraphagosomal and extracellular chlorination, nitration, and other oxidative reactions has been evaluated using a fluorescent particle and soluble phenolic compounds as target molecules. Neutrophils activated by the soluble stimulus, phorbol myristate acetate, both chlorinated fluorescein that was covalently attached to polyacrylamide microspheres and ... More
Effects of surgical approaches for acetabular fractures with associated gluteal vascular injury.
OBJECTIVES: To examine the viability of the abductor muscles following extensile exposures to the acetabulum in the presence of superior gluteal artery (SGA) or vein (SGV) injury. DESIGN: In vivo animal study. INTERVENTION: Twenty-two dogs underwent either an extensile or combined two-incision acetabular approach; either the SGA, the SGV, or ... More
Serotonin inhibition of 1-methylxanthine metabolism parallels its vasoconstrictor activity and inhibition of oxygen uptake in perfused rat hindlimb.
AuthorsRattigan S, Appleby GJ, Miller KA, Steen JT, Dora KA, Colquhoun EQ, Clark MG
JournalActa Physiol Scand
PubMed ID9366958
The effect of serotonin (5-HT) on the metabolism of infused 1-methylxanthine (1-MX), a putative substrate of capillary endothelial xanthine oxidase (XO), and on the distribution of infused fluorescent microspheres (15 microns) by the artificially constant-flow perfused rat hindlimb preparation was investigated. 1-MX (5-100 microM) caused a slight inhibition of oxygen ... More
Effects of macrophage transplantation in the injured adult rat spinal cord: a combined immunocytochemical and biochemical study.
AuthorsFranzen R, Schoenen J, Leprince P, Joosten E, Moonen G, Martin D
JournalJ Neurosci Res
PubMed ID9486767
Early and robust invasion by macrophages may be one of the reasons why axonal regeneration is more effective in the PNS than in the CNS. Therefore, we have grafted autologous peritoneal macrophages labeled with fluorescent latex microspheres into spinal cord compression lesions. At various survival times, we have studied their ... More
Visualization of single RNA transcripts in situ.
AuthorsFemino AM, Fay FS, Fogarty K, Singer RH
JournalScience
PubMed ID9554849
Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and digital imaging microscopy were modified to allow detection of single RNA molecules. Oligodeoxynucleotide probes were synthesized with five fluorochromes per molecule, and the light emitted by a single probe was calibrated. Points of light in exhaustively deconvolved images of hybridized cells gave fluorescent intensities ... More
Auditory brainstem projections to the ferret superior colliculus: anatomical contribution to the neural coding of sound azimuth.
AuthorsKing AJ, Jiang ZD, Moore DR
JournalJ Comp Neurol
PubMed ID9455897
The mammalian superior colliculus (SC) contains a neural map of auditory space. It is not known whether this topographic representation emerges at the level of the SC or is relayed there from other auditory areas. We have used retrograde labelling techniques in ferrets to examine the sources and pattern of ... More
Effects of oophorectomy on interstitial fluid pressure, blood flow and vascularity in a rat mammary tumour.
AuthorsHultborn R, Tveit E, Angerås M, Köpf I, Weiss L
JournalAnticancer Res
PubMed ID9216638
Interstitial fluid pressure (IFP), tumour size, blood flow and vascularity were measured in dimethyl-benz-alpha-anthracene-induced rat mammary tumours after oophorectomy. IFP was measured in the tumours by the wick-in-needle technique, blood flow by the labelled microsphere technique and vascularity by fluorescence vascular staining. Tumour volume was determined by measuring two diameters. ... More
Cardiac output distribution in response to hypoxia in the chick embryo in the second half of the incubation time.
AuthorsMulder AL, van Golde JC, Prinzen FW, Blanco CE
JournalJ Physiol
PubMed ID9490852
1. The fetus develops cardiovascular adaptations to protect vital organs in situations such as hypoxia and asphyxia. These include bradycardia, increased systemic blood pressure and redistribution of the cardiac output. The extent to which they involve maternal or placenta influences is not known. The objective of the present work was ... More
Bilateral projections of the pontine micturition center to the sacral parasympathetic nucleus in the rat.
AuthorsNuding SC, Nadelhaft I
JournalBrain Res
PubMed ID9518605
Previous work has revealed that pontine micturition center (PMC) neurons send projections to the sacral parasympathetic nucleus (SPN) of the intermediolateral (IML) regions of L6-S1 spinal cord segments in rats. Although unilateral SPN injections will retrogradely label PMC neurons bilaterally, it is not known whether single PMC neurons project bilaterally ... More
Effect of inferior alveolar nerve axotomy on periodontal and pulpal blood flow subsequent to experimental tooth movement in rats.
AuthorsVandevska-Radunovic V, Kvinnsland IH, Kvinnsland S
JournalActa Odontol Scand
PubMed ID9537736
The aims of this study were to evaluate the effect of inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) axotomy on periodontal (PDL) and pulpal blood flow incident to experimental tooth movement and to investigate whether nerve fiber regeneration coincides with blood flow changes. The first right mandibular molar was moved mesially for 3, ... More
Increased apoptosis, changes in intracellular Ca2+, and functional alterations in lymphocytes and macrophages after in vitro exposure to static magnetic field.
AuthorsFlipo D, Fournier M, Benquet C, Roux P, Le Boulaire C, Pinsky C, LaBella FS, Krzystyniak K
JournalJ Toxicol Environ Health A
PubMed ID9588349
Electromagnetic-related alteration of cellular functions is well documented for extremely low-frequency low-energy pulsing electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF). In this study we examined the in vitro effects of static magnetic fields (SMF) on the cellular immune parameters of the C57BI/6 murine macrophages, spleen lymphocytes, and thymic cells. The cells were exposed in ... More
Neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus that project to the rostral ventrolateral medulla are activated by haemorrhage.
AuthorsBadoer E, Merolli J
JournalBrain Res
PubMed ID9593966
The retrogradely-transported tracer, rhodamine-tagged microspheres, was injected into the pressor region of the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) to identify paraventricular neurons in the hypothalamus that project to the RVLM. The protein, Fos, was detected immunohistochemically and used to highlight neurons that were activated by a hypotensive haemorrhage. Compared to controls, ... More
Regional intestinal blood flow and nitric oxide synthase inhibition during sepsis in the rat.
AuthorsKlemm K, Moody FG
JournalAnn Surg
PubMed ID9445120
OBJECTIVE: Regional circulatory changes in intestinal mucosa were evaluated after the onset of septic shock and the effect of nitric oxide (NO) inhibition on mucosal blood flow was investigated at different locations along the intestine. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: The response of intestinal blood flow to different physiologic and pharmacologic stimuli ... More