C-peptide is internalised in human endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells via early endosomes.
AuthorsLuppi P, Geng X, Cifarelli V, Drain P, Trucco M,
JournalDiabetologia
PubMed ID19662378
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: There is increasing evidence that C-peptide exerts intracellular effects in a variety of cells and could be beneficial in patients with type 1 diabetes. Exactly how C-peptide achieves these effects, however, is unknown. Recent reports showed that C-peptide internalised in the cytoplasm of HEK-293 and Swiss 3T3 cells, where ... More
The utilization of pathogen-like cellular trafficking by single chain block copolymer.
Amphiphilic triblock copolymer, poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(propylene oxide)-b-poly(ethylene oxide), Pluronic P85, is unexpectedly shown to utilize sophisticated cellular trafficking mechanisms and enter brain microvessel endothelial cells and primary neurons that are poorly penetrable. Though caveolae serve as a primary entry site for the copolymer single chains, in cells devoid of caveolae, the ... More
Mechanism for amyloid precursor-like protein 2 enhancement of major histocompatibility complex class I molecule degradation.
AuthorsTuli A, Sharma M, Capek HL, Naslavsky N, Caplan S, Solheim JC,
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID19808674
Earlier studies have demonstrated interaction of the murine major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecule K(d) with amyloid precursor-like protein 2 (APLP2), a ubiquitously expressed member of the amyloid precursor protein family. Our current findings indicate that APLP2 is internalized in a clathrin-dependent manner, as shown by utilization of inhibitors ... More
Insoluble, speckled cytosolic distribution of retinoic acid receptor alpha protein as a marker of hepatic stellate cell activation in vitro.
AuthorsMezaki Y, Yamaguchi N, Yoshikawa K, Miura M, Imai K, Itoh H, Senoo H,
JournalJ Histochem Cytochem
PubMed ID19332432
Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are the major site of retinoid storage, and their activation is a key process in liver fibrogenesis. We have previously shown that expression of the retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARalpha) is upregulated in activated rat HSCs at a posttranscriptional level and that these RARalpha proteins showed ... More