Here are possible causes and solutions:
- Membrane or filter paper was insufficiently equilibrated in Thermo Scientific 1-Step Transfer Buffer: Equilibrate membrane and filter paper in Thermo Scientific 1-Step Transfer Buffer before transfer for a minimum of 5 minutes. Use a sufficient amount of buffer for the equilibration step.
- Insufficient transfer time: Increase transfer time from 7-10 minutes to 10-12 minutes.
- PVDF membrane was not pre-wetted with methanol or ethanol: Wet PVDF membrane with methanol or ethanol and equilibrate for 10-15 minutes in Thermo Scientific 1-Step Transfer Buffer before transfer.
- Air bubbles trapped between gel and membrane: When assembling transfer stack, use a roller or pipette to remove any air bubbles between the gel and the membrane.
- Filter paper used in the fast transfer exceeded 1.8 mm: Use filter paper <1.8 mm thick.
Find additional tips, troubleshooting help, and resources within our
Protein Electrophoresis and Western Blotting Support Center.