When I label with Qtracker cell labeling reagents, I get a punctate label pattern. How do I make it more uniform?
Qtracker cell labeling reagents are taken up by the cell through endocytosis and sequestered in endosomes. This gives the label a punctate or vesicular appearance. This is normal. There is nothing that can be done to make it appear uniform throughout the cytoplasm.
Glycoprotein D actively induces rapid internalization of two nectin-1 isoforms during herpes simplex virus entry.
Authors:Stiles KM, Krummenacher C,
Journal:Virology
PubMed ID:20089288
'Entry of herpes simplex virus (HSV) occurs either by fusion at the plasma membrane or by endocytosis and fusion with an endosome. Binding of glycoprotein D (gD) to a receptor such as nectin-1 is essential in both cases. We show that virion gD triggered the rapid down-regulation of nectin-1 with ... More
Alzheimer disease macrophages shuttle amyloid-beta from neurons to vessels, contributing to amyloid angiopathy.
Authors:Zaghi J, Goldenson B, Inayathullah M, Lossinsky AS, Masoumi A, Avagyan H, Mahanian M, Bernas M, Weinand M, Rosenthal MJ, Espinosa-Jeffrey A, de Vellis J, Teplow DB, Fiala M,
Journal:Acta Neuropathol
PubMed ID:19139910
'Neuronal accumulation of oligomeric amyloid-beta (Alphabeta) is considered the proximal cause of neuronal demise in Alzheimer disease (AD) patients. Blood-borne macrophages might reduce Abeta stress to neurons by immigration into the brain and phagocytosis of Alphabeta. We tested migration and export across a blood-brain barrier model, and phagocytosis and clearance ... More
Cell survival, DNA damage, and oncogenic transformation after a transient and reversible apoptotic response.
Authors:Tang HL, Tang HM, Mak KH, Hu S, Wang SS, Wong KM, Wong CS, Wu HY, Law HT, Liu K, Talbot CC, Lau WK, Montell DJ, Fung MC,
Journal:Mol Biol Cell
PubMed ID:22535522
'Apoptosis serves as a protective mechanism by eliminating damaged cells through programmed cell death. After apoptotic cells pass critical checkpoints, including mitochondrial fragmentation, executioner caspase activation, and DNA damage, it is assumed that cell death inevitably follows. However, this assumption has not been tested directly. Here we report an unexpected ... More
'ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells with the potential to differentiate into bone, cartilage, fat and muscle cells and are being investigated for their utility in cell-based transplantation therapy. Yet, adequate methods to track transplanted MSCs in vivo are limited, precluding functional studies. Quantum Dots (QDs) offer ... More
Engineering the brain tumor microenvironment enhances the efficacy of dendritic cell vaccination: implications for clinical trial design.
Authors:Mineharu Y, King GD, Muhammad AK, Bannykh S, Kroeger KM, Liu C, Lowenstein PR, Castro MG,
Journal:Clin Cancer Res
PubMed ID:21632862
'Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a deadly primary brain tumor. Clinical trials for GBM using dendritic cell (DC) vaccination resulted in antitumor immune responses. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that combining in situ (intratumoral) Ad-Flt3L/Ad-TK-mediated gene therapy with DC vaccination would increase therapeutic efficacy and antitumor immunity. We first assessed the ... More