Rapid screening of natural products for antimycobacterial activity by using luciferase-expressing strains of Mycobacterium bovis BCG and Mycobacterium intracellulare.
AuthorsShawar RM,Humble DJ,Van Dalfsen JM,Stover CK,Hickey MJ,Steele S,Mitscher LA,Baker W
JournalAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
PubMed ID9055994
The object of this study was to investigate the ability of a rapid luciferase assay to detect antimycobacterial activity in plant extracts. Recombinant strains of Mycobacterium bovis BCG (rBCG) and Mycobacterium intracellulare expressing firefly luciferase were used as the test organisms. Assays were conducted in a 96-well minitube format under ... More
Inhibition of growth and sensitization to cisplatin-mediated killing of ovarian cancer cells by polyphenolic chemopreventive agents.
AuthorsChan MM, Fong D, Soprano KJ, Holmes WF, Heverling H
JournalJ Cell Physiol
PubMed ID12447990
'The polyphenolic compounds curcumin and quercetin increased sensitivity of ovarian cancer cells (CAOV3 and SKOV3) to cisplatin. The effect was obtained when the compounds were added simultaneously with cisplatin, as well as when they were added 24 h before. High serum levels of certain cytokines, for example interleukin-6 (IL-6), have ... More
Mechanism of target cell recognition by natural killer cells: characterization of a novel triggering molecule restricted to CD3- large granular lymphocytes.
AuthorsFrey JL, Bino T, Kantor RR, Segal DM, Giardina SL, Roder J, Anderson S, Ortaldo JR
JournalJ Exp Med
PubMed ID1720812
'In an attempt to identify a molecule in target recognition by CD3- large granular lymphocytes (LGL), we have generated a rabbit antiidiotypic (anti-ID) serum against a monoclonal antibody (mAb 36) that reacted with the cell membrane of K562. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that the anti-ID serum bound selectively to CD3- ... More
Functional in vivo MHC class II loading by endogenously synthesized glycoprotein during viral infection.
AuthorsOxenius A, Bachmann MF, Mathis D, Benoist C, Zinkernagel RM, Hengartner H
JournalJ Immunol
PubMed ID9190921
'MHC class II presentation of antigenic peptides derived from soluble proteins is usually preceded by antigenic uptake via (nonreceptor-mediated) endocytosis by professional APCs, followed by processing in endosomal compartments. Although in vitro alternative pathways for MHC class II loading have been described for certain intracellularly synthesized proteins, the importance of ... More
Cell proliferation enhances entry of Listeria monocytogenes into intestinal epithelial cells by two proliferation-dependent entry pathways.
AuthorsVelge P, Bottreau E, Van-Langendonck N, Kaeffer B
JournalJ Med Microbiol
PubMed ID9511817
'Bacterial entry into intestinal host cells is the result of a fairly sophisticated manipulation of host cell machinery by the pathogens. To study further the potential cell target of Listeria spp., the in-vitro entry of L. monocytogenes strains into intestinal cells was examined in relation to the metabolism, proliferation and ... More
Apoptosis of lymphocytes induced by glucocorticoids and relationship to therapeutic efficacy in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
AuthorsSeki M, Ushiyama C, Seta N, Abe K, Fukazawa T, Asakawa J, Takasaki Y, Hashimoto H
JournalArthritis Rheum
PubMed ID9588733
'OBJECTIVE: Glucocorticoids (GCs) are the drugs of first choice for treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, the disease in some patients is resistant to these agents. This study evaluated the possibility of a relationship between response to GC treatment and the rate of apoptosis in vitro, and also analyzed ... More
Fluorometric assessment of In vitro antidermatophytic activities of antimycotics based on their keratin-penetrating power.
AuthorsOkeke CN, Tsuboi R, Kawai M, Ogawa H
JournalJ Clin Microbiol
PubMed ID10655333
'Keratin particles impregnated with amorolfine or clotrimazole in serial doubling dilutions (64 to 0.125 microg/ml) were used to evaluate the activities of these agents against 20 isolates each of Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Trichophyton rubrum in a yeast carbon broth medium incorporating Alamar Blue dye. The proposed MIC with keratin impregnation ... More
Induction of resting microglia in culture medium devoid of glycine and serine.
AuthorsTanaka J, Toku K, Matsuda S, Sudo S, Fujita H, Sakanaka M, Maeda N
JournalGlia
PubMed ID9728766
'Cultured microglial cells usually exhibit ameboid morphology and peripheral macrophage-like properties, which are distinct from those observed in the normal mature brain. This might be caused by the inappropriate culture of microglial cells in high concentrations (approximately 200-400 microM) of Gly and Ser, although the concentrations of the amino acids ... More
Relationship between resazurin reduction test, reactive oxygen species generation, and gamma-glutamyltransferase.
AuthorsZalata A, Hafez T, Mahmoud A, Comhaire F
JournalHum Reprod
PubMed ID7657753
'The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from spermatozoa has been measured by chemiluminescence in the two fractions of a Percoll gradient column (47 and 90%). Chemiluminescent signals were recorded in each fraction after addition of luminol and horse-radish peroxidase (basal state), and after stimulation with formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenyl-alanine (FMLP) and phorbol ... More
Cytotoxicity and arecoline mechanisms in human gingival fibroblasts in vitro.
AuthorsChang YC, Hu CC, Lii CK, Tai KW, Yang SH, Chou MY
JournalClin Oral Investig
PubMed ID11355099
'Betel nut chewing, like cigarette smoking, is a popular oral habit which impinges on the daily lives of a population of approximately 200 million. People who chew betel nuts have a higher prevalence of periodontal diseases than those who do not. Many of the undesirable effects of betel nuts have ... More
Multicenter evaluation of proposed standardized procedure for antifungal susceptibility testing of filamentous fungi.
AuthorsEspinel-Ingroff A, Bartlett M, Bowden R, Chin NX, Cooper C, Fothergill A, McGinnis MR, Menezes P, Messer SA, Nelson PW, Odds FC, Pasarell L, Peter J, Pfaller MA, Rex JH, Rinaldi MG, Shankland GS, Walsh TJ, Weitzman I
JournalJ Clin Microbiol
PubMed ID8968895
'A multicenter study was conducted to expand the generation and analysis of data that supports the proposal of a reference method for the antifungal susceptibility testing of filamentous fungi. Broth microdilution MICs of amphotericin B and itraconazole were determined in 11 centers against 30 coded duplicate pairs of Aspergillus spp., ... More
[Multisite evaluation of a colorimetric broth microdilution antifungal susceptibility testing]
AuthorsYamane N, Igari J
JournalRinsho Byori
PubMed ID9121005
'A new colorimetric microdilution antifungal susceptibility testing using an air-dried microplate containing serially diluted antifungal agents and an oxidation-reduction dye, sodium resazurin, as a color indicator to detect the growth of yeasts was evaluated at multiple sites. Six ATCC reference strains described in the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards ... More
A rapid procedure to ascertain the antimicrobial efficacy of oral care formulations.
AuthorsSreenivasan PK, Tambs G, Gittins E, Nabi N, Gaffar A
JournalOral Microbiol Immunol
PubMed ID14622343
'A rapid method examining the antimicrobial efficacy of oral care formulations with alamar blue, an oxidation-reduction dye with fluorescent end-points, is described. Significant correlations between increasing viable plate counts of the oral bacteria Actinomyces viscosus, Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus mutans and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and increased alamar fluorescence were noted. Metabolically active ... More
Production of a mouse monoclonal antibody reactive with a human nuclear antigen associated with cell proliferation.
AuthorsGerdes J, Schwab U, Lemke H, Stein H
JournalInt J Cancer
PubMed ID6339421
'The production of a mouse monoclonal antibody, Ki-67, is described. The Ki-67 antibody recognized a nuclear antigen present in proliferating cells, but absent in resting cells. Immunostainings with Ki-67 revealed nuclear reactivity in cells of germinal centres of cortical follicles, cortical thymocytes, neck cells of gastrointestinal mucosa, undifferentiated spermatogonia and ... More
A new method for determining the minimum inhibitory concentration of essential oils.
AuthorsMann CM, Markham JL
JournalJ Appl Microbiol
PubMed ID9633651
'A new microdilution method has been developed for determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of oil-based compounds. The redox dye resazurin was used to determine the MIC of a sample of the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) for a range of Gram-positive and -negative bacteria. Use of 0.15% ... More
A simple colorimetric method to screen drug cytotoxicity against Leishmania using the dye Alamar Blue.
AuthorsMikus J, Steverding D
JournalParasitol Int
PubMed ID11227767
'A quantitative colorimetric assay using the oxidation-reduction indicator Alamar Blue was developed to measure cytotoxicity of compounds against the protozoan parasite Leishmania. Absorbance increased linearly with the plating density of promastigotes of L. major MRHO/IR/76 vaccine strain up to at least 2.5 x 10(6) cells/ml when parasites were incubated for ... More
Assessment of a new cell culture perfusion apparatus for in vitro chronic toxicity testing. Part 1: technical description.
AuthorsKoppelstaetter C, Jennings P, Ryan MP, Morin JP, Hartung T, Pfaller W
JournalALTEX
PubMed ID15195225
'In vitro models for chronic toxicity, defined as a recurring exposure to compounds over a prolonged period of time, are still underrepresented in drug evaluation processes. The classical approach to cell culture is not readily suitable to long term repetitive applications. Therefore, we assessed the use of a commercially available ... More
Heteromeric, but not homomeric, connexin channels are selectively permeable to inositol phosphates.
AuthorsAyad WA, Locke D, Koreen IV, Harris AL
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID16601118
'Previous work has shown that channels formed by both connexin (Cx)26 and Cx32 (heteromeric Cx26/Cx32 hemichannels) are selectively permeable to cAMP and cGMP. To further investigate differential connexin channel permeability among second messengers, and the influence of connexin channel composition on the selectivity, the permeability of inositol phosphates with one ... More
Ability of 16 priority PAHs to be photocytotoxic to a cell line from the rainbow trout gill.
'Sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were screened for their ability to be photocytotoxic to a cell line from the rainbow trout gill, RTgill-W1. PAHs could be divided into one of three groups: incapable of being photocytotoxic, able to be both photocytotoxic and directly cytotoxic, or capable of being only photocytotoxic. ... More
Apoptosis and DNA fragmentation precede TNF-induced cytolysis in U937 cells.
AuthorsWright SC, Kumar P, Tam AW, Shen N, Varma M, Larrick JW
JournalJ Cell Biochem
PubMed ID1577874
'The hypothesis that activation of apoptosis and DNA fragmentation is involved in TNF-mediated cytolysis of U937 tumor cells was investigated. Morphological, biochemical, and kinetic criteria established that TNF activates apoptosis as opposed to necrosis. Within 2-3 h of exposure to TNF, U937 underwent the morphological alterations characteristic of apoptosis. This ... More
Validation of a rat pheochromocytoma (PC12)-based cell survival assay for determining biological potency of recombinant human nerve growth factor.
AuthorsGazzano-Santoro H, Chen A, Casto B, Chu H, Gilkerson E, Mukku V, Canova-Davis E, Kotts C
JournalJ Pharm Biomed Anal
PubMed ID10703962
'A method has been validated, according to the Guidelines of the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH), for precise quantitation of the biological activity of recombinant human nerve growth factor (rhNGF) for lot release testing. The assay is based on the survival of a subclone of rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells (PC12-CF) ... More
Oxygen requirements of yeasts.
AuthorsVisser W, Scheffers WA, Batenburg-van der Vegte WH, van Dijken JP
JournalAppl Environ Microbiol
PubMed ID2082825
'Type species of 75 yeast genera were examined for their ability to grow anaerobically in complex and mineral media. To define anaerobic conditions, we added a redox indicator, resazurin, to the media to determine low redox potentials. All strains tested were capable of fermenting glucose to ethanol in oxygen-limited shake-flask ... More
Toxicity testing and chemical analyses of recycled fibre-based paper for food contact.
'Food-contact materials, including paper, have to comply with a basic set of criteria concerning safety. This means that paper for food contact should not give rise to migration of components, which can endanger human health. The objectives of this pilot study were, first, to compare paper of different qualities as ... More
Studies on the basis for the toxicity of acrolein mercapturates.
AuthorsRamu K, Perry CS, Ahmed T, Pakenham G, Kehrer JP
JournalToxicol Appl Pharmacol
PubMed ID8887466
'Acrolein, 3-oxopropyl glutathione (oxoPrGSH), and S-3-hydroxypropyl N-acetylcysteine (hydroxyPrMCA) are confirmed metabolic products of cyclophosphamide. Other potential metabolites include the mercapturic acid S-3-oxopropyl N-acetylcysteine (oxoPrMCA), its sulfoxide, and their corresponding diacid forms. The reactivity of acrolein would appear to preclude its movement from the main site of formation (liver) to the ... More
Tracking the elusive antiestrogenic effect of melatonin: a new methodological approach.
AuthorsGirgert R, Bartsch C, Hill SM, Kreienberg R, Hanf V
JournalNeuro Endocrinol Lett
PubMed ID15073572
'OBJECTIVES: Detection of the antiestrogenic effect of melatonin on various breast cancer cell lines and its dependence of the differential expression of estrogen receptors (ERalpha and ERbeta) and melatonin receptors (mt1 and RZRalpha). SETTING AND DESIGN: Dose-response curves of estradiol were determined in 6 different breast cancer cell lines using ... More
Role of glutathione in nitric oxide-mediated injury to rat gastric mucosal cells.
AuthorsWakulich CA, Tepperman BL
JournalEur J Pharmacol
PubMed ID9042609
'Recent studies suggest that in some cell types, the activity of nitric oxide (NO) is influenced by the endogenous antioxidant, reduced glutathione (GSH). The present study has examined the role of GSH in NO-induced cytotoxicity in cells harvested from the rat gastric mucosa. Cell integrity was assessed by Trypan blue ... More
A new nondestructive cytometric assay based on resazurin metabolism and an organ culture model for the assessment of corneal viability.
AuthorsPerrot S, Dutertre-Catella H, Martin C, Warnet JM, Rat P
JournalCytometry A
PubMed ID12938183
'BACKGROUND: Three-dimensional culture or human corneal equivalents for safety testing are difficult to investigate with classic cytometric or biochemical methods. So a fluorometric method is proposed using resazurin probe. METHODS: Absorbance and fluorescence spectra of the oxidized and reduced forms of resazurin were performed to determine optimal measurement conditions. More ... More
Ca(2+)-mediated damage to rabbit gastric mucosal cells: modulation by nitric oxide.
AuthorsTepperman BL, Soper BD
JournalEur J Pharmacol
PubMed ID8666044
'Pertubations in cellular Ca2+ homeostasis can lead to oxidative stress whereas nitric oxide has been shown to inactivate oxygen radicals. Therefore the effects of inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) synthase activity on Ca2+-mediated disruption to rabbit dispersed gastric mucosal cells have been examined. Addition of the Ca2+ ionophore A23187 (3-25 ... More
The use of Yarrowia lipolytica for the expression of human cytochrome P450 CYP1A1.
AuthorsNthangeni MB, Urban P, Pompon D, Smit MS, Nicaud JM
JournalYeast
PubMed ID15164361
'Cytochromes P450 constitute a superfamily of haem-thiolate mono-oxygenases that are involved in the oxidative metabolism of lipophilic subtrates. These enzymes require association with cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) to achieve optimal activities. We have expressed human cytochrome P450 CYP1A1 under the POX2 promoter (pPOX2-CYP1A1) in Y. lipolytica, with or without overproduction ... More
In vitro pharmacology of cryptophycin 52 (LY355703) in human tumor cell lines.
AuthorsWagner MM, Paul DC, Shih C, Jordan MA, Wilson L, Williams DC
JournalCancer Chemother Pharmacol
PubMed ID9923816
'PURPOSE: Cryptophycin 52 (LY355703) is a new member of the cryptophycin family of antitumor agents that is currently undergoing clinical evaluation for cancer chemotherapy. The mechanism of action of the cryptophycin class of compounds is associated with an action on microtubules. This report details the pharmacological profile of this new ... More
Evaluation of hepatic subcellular fractions for Alamar blue and MTT reductase activity.
AuthorsGonzalez RJ, Tarloff JB
JournalToxicol In Vitro
PubMed ID11377098
'Alamar blue and MTT are indicators used to measure cytotoxicity of various chemicals in cultured cells. Both Alamar blue and MTT are reduced by mitochondrial enzymes. We observed enhanced fluorescence of Alamar blue when kidney epithelial cells were co-incubated with hepatic post-mitochondrial supernatant (S9) fractions as compared with cells incubated ... More
Hydrogen peroxide induced stress in human keratinocytes and its effect on bithionol toxicity.
AuthorsReid L, Clothier RH, Khammo N
JournalToxicol In Vitro
PubMed ID11566576
'Exposure to hydrogen peroxide causes oxidative stress in keratinocytes. Previous work has shown that the antiparasitic drug bithionol has an EC(50) of 0.7 microg/ml (2 microM) with primary human keratinocytes, but that these cells do not respond to photoactivated bithionol. Bithionol is known to be photoactivated by UV-A visible light, ... More
The Alamar Blue assay to determine drug sensitivity of African trypanosomes (T.b. rhodesiense and T.b. gambiense) in vitro.
AuthorsRäz B, Iten M, Grether-Bühler Y, Kaminsky R, Brun R
JournalActa Trop
PubMed ID9386789
'Alamar Blue, an indicator for metabolic cell function, was evaluated as a fluorescent and as a colorimetric dye in drug sensitivity assays for human pathogenic African trypanosomes, Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and T.b. gambiense. The experimental conditions were adjusted to find those where the relationship between trypanosome number and Alamar Blue ... More
Resazurin reduction as a function of respiratory burst in bovine neutrophils.
AuthorsFang W, Myllys V, Sandholm M
JournalAm J Vet Res
PubMed ID9185965
'OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the respiratory burst of neutrophils from bovine blood and milk can be analyzed by use of a fluorometric resazurin reduction assay. SAMPLE POPULATION: Neutrophils were obtained from EDTA-anticoagulated blood of 7 dairy cows. Neutrophils also were isolated from milk samples of a cow intramammarily challenge exposed ... More
Effect of protein on the determination of total bile acids in serum.
AuthorsHanson NQ, Freier EF
JournalClin Chem
PubMed ID6571720
'We measured total serum bile acids on a fluorescence-light-scattering micro centrifugal analyzer by the direct enzymatic method with 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.50) and with resazurin as a fluorogenic electron acceptor. We found that serum protein has an inhibitory effect on the measurement of bile acids, but this effect was ... More
A new Alamar Blue viability assay to rapidly quantify oligodendrocyte death.
AuthorsBack SA, Khan R, Gan X, Rosenberg PA, Volpe JJ
JournalJ Neurosci Methods
PubMed ID10522823
'We developed a rapid fluorometric viability assay for primary cultures of OL precursors (preOLs) or mature OLs that utilized the oxidation/reduction indicator dye Alamar Blue (AB). PreOLs had a lower rate of AB reduction than did mature OLs (0.02 +/- 0.01 units/min per cell versus 0.07 +/- 0.01). The assay ... More
Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) activates the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway to promote cell survival and induce actin filament remodeling.
AuthorsDawson CW, Tramountanis G, Eliopoulos AG, Young LS
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID12446712
'The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) is an integral membrane protein that functions as a constitutively activated member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family. Whereas LMP1 has been shown to activate the NF-kappaB and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, these effects alone are unable to account for ... More
Detection of weak estrogenic flavonoids using a recombinant yeast strain and a modified MCF7 cell proliferation assay.
AuthorsBreinholt V, Larsen JC
JournalChem Res Toxicol
PubMed ID9625730
'A newly developed recombinant yeast strain, in which the human estrogen receptor has been stably integrated into the genome of the yeast, was used to gain information on the estrogenic activity of a large series of dietary flavonoids. Among 23 flavonoids investigated, 8 were found to markedly stimulate the transcriptional ... More
Ability of commercial and reference antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods to detect vancomycin resistance in enterococci.
AuthorsTenover FC, Swenson JM, O'Hara CM, Stocker SA
JournalJ Clin Microbiol
PubMed ID7650179
'We evaluated the abilities of 10 commercially available antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods and four reference methods (agar dilution, broth microdilution, disk diffusion, and the agar screen plate) to classify enterococci correctly as vancomycin susceptible or resistant using 50 well-characterized strains of enterococci. There was a high level of agreement of ... More
Resazurin detection of energy metabolism changes in serum-starved PC12 cells and of neuroprotective agent effect.
AuthorsMagnani E, Bettini E
JournalBrain Res Brain Res Protoc
PubMed ID10906492
'Resazurin is a dye, which becomes fluorescent when reduced by oxidoreductases within viable cells. Measurement of resazurin fluorescence is therefore an indicator of the cell''s energy metabolism. Resazurin was used here to detect metabolic changes in PC12 cells following serum starvation. Serum withdrawal is a cytotoxic environmental change resulting in ... More
Cytotoxicity of endogenous isoquinolines to human dopaminergic neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells.
AuthorsTakahashi T, Maruyama W, Deng Y, Dostert P, Nakahara D, Niwa T, Ohta S, Naoi M
JournalJ Neural Transm
PubMed ID9085193
'Endogenous isoquinolines with and without catechol structure have been proposed to be neurotoxins specific for dopamine neurons. In this paper they were examined for the cytotoxicity of human dopaminergic neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. The cytotoxicity was quantitatively determined using Alamar Blue assay, by which the reduction-oxidation potency in the living cells ... More
The correlates and alleged biochemical background of the resazurin reduction test in semen.
AuthorsZalata AA, Lammertijn N, Christophe A, Comhaire FH
JournalInt J Androl
PubMed ID9805245
'Reduction of the blue dye resazurin to pink resorufin is used to estimate the concentration of metabolically active spermatozoa in semen samples. In order to quantify the reduction of resazurin, a spectrophotometric method was developed measuring the change from blue to pink in the butanol extracted colour. The biochemical mechanisms ... More
Perfluorocarbon emulsion improves cerebral oxygenation and mitochondrial function after fluid percussion brain injury in rats.
AuthorsDaugherty WP, Levasseur JE, Sun D, Spiess BD, Bullock MR
JournalNeurosurgery
PubMed ID15113478
'OBJECTIVE: Cerebral ischemia is a common secondary sequela of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Experimental models of stroke have demonstrated reductions in ischemia after perfluorocarbon (PFC) administration; however, there are no published reports of PFC efficacy after TBI. The current study analyzed the effect of the PFC emulsion Oxygent (AF0144; Alliance ... More
A new method for continual quantitation of viable cells on endothelialized polyurethanes.
AuthorsNikolaychik VV, Samet MM, Lelkes PI
JournalJ Biomater Sci Polym Ed
PubMed ID8836834
'Many of the segmented polyurethanes currently used in cardiovascular prostheses undergo either modification of their surface structure or are lined with a confluent monolayer of endothelial cells to improve their hemocompatibility. During the establishment of an endothelial cell lining on these biopolymers it is necessary to continually monitor the number ... More
Transferrin independent serum inhibition of Blastomyces dermatitidis.
AuthorsGiles S, Czuprynski C
JournalMicrob Pathog
PubMed ID11812214
'Human serum has been reported to inhibit the growth of several fungal pathogens. Serum inhibitory activity has predominantly been associated with transferrin-mediated iron binding. We found that serum from several animal species (human, dog, mouse and fetal bovine) inhibited the growth of the dimorphic fungal pathogen, Blastomyces dermatitidisin vitro. In ... More
Mitochondria are direct targets of the lipoxygenase inhibitor MK886. A strategy for cell killing by combined treatment with MK886 and cyclooxygenase inhibitors.
AuthorsGugliucci A, Ranzato L, Scorrano L, Colonna R, Petronilli V, Cusan C, Prato M, Mancini M, Pagano F, Bernardi P
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID12080072
'We have investigated the mitochondrial and cellular effects of the lipoxygenase inhibitor MK886. Low concentrations (1 microM) of MK886 selectively sensitized the permeability transition pore (PTP) to opening, whereas higher concentrations of MK886 (10 microM) caused depolarization through combination of an ionophoretic effect with inhibition of respiration. MK886 killed prostate ... More
Cytotoxicity, zinc protection, and stress protein induction in rat proximal tubule cells exposed to cadmium chloride in primary cell culture.
AuthorsLiu J, Squibb KS, Akkerman M, Nordberg GF, Lipsky M, Fowler BA
JournalRen Fail
PubMed ID8948521
'Primary cell culture was utilized to study the relationships between stress protein induction by zinc in vivo and cadmium toxicity in vitro. Effects of cadmium on cell viability were evaluated by the alamar blue assay, in conjunction with the ultrastructural morphology of cells by transmission electron microscopy. The expression of ... More
Effects of pH indicators on various activities of chromatophroes of Rhodospirillum rubrum.
AuthorsHosoi K, Soe G, Kakuno T, Horio T
JournalJ Biochem (Tokyo)
PubMed ID5425
'1. The effects of pH indicators on activities for ATP hydrolysis in the dark and ATP-Pi exchange in the dark were examined with chromatophores from Rhodospirillum rubrum. Of thirty-one pH indicators tested, eleven (metanil yellow, 2, 4-dinitrophenol, ethyl orange, bromocresol green, resazurin, neutral red, bromthymol blue, alpha-naphtholphthalein, o-cresolphthalein, phenolphthalein, and ... More
Toxicity of organomercury compounds: bioassay results as a basis for risk assessment.
AuthorsHempel M, Chau YK, Dutka BJ, McInnis R, Kwan KK, Liu D
JournalAnalyst
PubMed ID7741224
'A former mercury plant, where mercury salts and organomercurials for pesticide use were produced, caused soil contamination in high concentrations. Typical organomercurial products included ethylmercury, phenylmercury, methoxyethylmercury and ethoxyethylmercury compounds. Risk assessment of these sites must be carried out before any major clean-up processes can be planned. A sensitive speciation ... More
Nuclear export inhibitors and kinase inhibitors identified using a MAPK-activated protein kinase 2 redistribution screen.
AuthorsAlmholt DL, Loechel F, Nielsen SJ, Krog-Jensen C, Terry R, Bjørn SP, Pedersen HC, Praestegaard M, Møller S, Heide M, Pagliaro L, Mason AJ, Butcher S, Dahl SW
JournalAssay Drug Dev Technol
PubMed ID15090206
'Redistribution (BioImage) A/S, Søborg, Denmark) is a novel high-throughput screening technology that monitors translocation of specific protein components of intracellular signaling pathways within intact mammalian cells, using green fluorescent protein as a tag. A single Redistribution assay can be used to identify multiple classes of compounds that act at, or ... More
Quality control guidelines for National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards recommended broth macrodilution testing of amphotericin B, fluconazole, and flucytosine.
AuthorsPfaller MA, Bale M, Buschelman B, Lancaster M, Espinel-Ingroff A, Rex JH, Rinaldi MG, Cooper CR, McGinnis MR
JournalJ Clin Microbiol
PubMed ID7615713
'Amphotericin B, fluconazole, and flucytosine (5FC) were tested in a multilaboratory study to establish quality control (QC) guidelines for yeast antifungal susceptibility testing. Ten candidate QC strains were tested in accordance with National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards M27-P guidelines against the three antifungal agents in each of six laboratories. ... More
Spectrophotometric analysis of resazurin reduction test and semen quality in men.
AuthorsReddy KV, Bordekar AD
JournalIndian J Exp Biol
PubMed ID10709326
'The resazurin reduction test (RRT) was performed on semen samples obtained from 225 untreated subfertile and 10 pregnancy confirmed fertile males. The results of RRT were determined visually using resazurin colour chart and again the extent of resazurin reduction in each sample was additionally read by spectrophotometer to assess the ... More
Spectrophotometric application of resazurin reduction assay to evaluate boar semen quality.
AuthorsZrimsek P, Kunc J, Kosec M, Mrkun J
JournalInt J Androl
PubMed ID14718048
'The resazurin reduction assay depends on the ability of metabolically active cells to reduce the resazurin redox dye to resorufin. In the present study we applied and made a diagnostic evaluation of a spectrophotometric application of the resazurin reduction assay to assess the colour change of resazurin reduction in butanol ... More
Properties and cytotoxicity of water soluble Na2O-CaO-P2O5 glasses.
AuthorsUo M, Mizuno M, Kuboki Y, Makishima A, Watari F
JournalBiomaterials
PubMed ID9884040
'Various compositions of Na2OCaO-P2O5 glasses are prepared to estimate glass formation, dissolution properties and cytotoxicity. In the wide composition range of 40 mol% of P2O5 or more, clear glass samples were obtained. The estimated glass forming region was consistent with other ternary phosphate glass systems. The glass transition temperatures and ... More
An enzymatic fluorimetric assay for glucose-6-phosphate: application in an in vitro Warburg-like effect.
AuthorsZhu A, Romero R, Petty HR,
JournalAnal Biochem
PubMed ID19454216
'Recently, there has been a resurgence of interest in the regulatory role of cell metabolism in tumor biology and immunology. To assess changes in metabolite levels in cell populations and tissues, especially from small clinical samples, highly sensitive assays are required. Based on the reaction of glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) and the ... More
Magnetic beads (Dynabead) toxicity to endothelial cells at high bead concentration: implication for tissue engineering of vascular prosthesis.
AuthorsTiwari A, Punshon G, Kidane A, Hamilton G, Seifalian AM
JournalCell Biol Toxicol
PubMed ID14703114
'Magnetic beads (Dynabeads) have been used for the purification of endothelial cells. One application for this procedure may be for single-stage seeding of bypass grafts. The number of endothelial cells (EC) isolated is crucial and therefore to increase the number of cells extracted, a higher number of Dynabeads per cell ... More
Assessment of a new cell culture perfusion apparatus for in vitro chronic toxicity testing. Part 2: toxicological evaluation.
'The goal of replacement, refinement and reduction of animal testing is critically dependent on the development and assessment of novel in vitro methodologies and the further development of existing methodologies. Here, we evaluated the use of a modified perfusion cell culture apparatus for application to chronic in vitro nephrotoxicity testing ... More
Measurement of serum bactericidal activity specific for Haemophilus influenzae type b by using a chromogenic and fluorescent metabolic indicator.
AuthorsRomero-Steiner S, Spear W, Brown N, Holder P, Hennessy T, Gomez De Leon P, Carlone GM
JournalClin Diagn Lab Immunol
PubMed ID14715550
'We evaluated alamarBlue as a metabolic indicator in a standardized assay for the measurement of serum bactericidal activity (SBA) to Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) using sera containing natural and vaccine-induced anticapsular (polyribosylribitol phosphate) antibodies. SBA assays with a colorimetric and a fluorometric end point in the presence of alamarBlue ... More
Bactericidal effect of cysteine exposed to atmospheric oxygen.
'Peptostreptococcus anaerobius VPI 4330-1 was exposed to atmospheric oxygen in a dilution bland (0.2% gelatin, salts, resazurin) solution. The organisms were rapidly killed when the solution contained cysteine. The organisms were effectively protected by catalase and horseradish peroxidase as well as by the metal ion-chelating agents 8-hydroxyquinoline and 2,2''-bipyridine. Superoxide ... More
A rapid and sensitive assay for measuring mitochondrial metabolic activity in isolated neural tissue.
AuthorsSpringer JE, Azbill RD, Carlson SL
JournalBrain Res Brain Res Protoc
PubMed ID9630663
'In the present study, we used the oxidation-reduction sensitive dye Alamar Blue, a fluorometric/colorimetric indicator of metabolic activity, as a tool for examining mitochondrial function in rat spinal cord synaptosomes. At 15 min following incubation, Alamar Blue fluorescence levels were found to increase by 3-fold, and could be detected in ... More
Use of multiple assay endpoints to investigate the effects of incubation time, dose of toxin, and plating density in cell-based cytotoxicity assays.
AuthorsRiss TL, Moravec RA
JournalAssay Drug Dev Technol
PubMed ID15090210
'Here we show the results of comparing cell viability, cytotoxicity, and apoptosis assays for measuring the time- and dose-dependent toxic effects of tamoxifen on HepG2 cells. The quantitation of adenosine 5''-triphosphate (ATP), 5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4,5- dimethylthiazolyl)-3-(4-sulfophenyl) tetrazolium, inner salt (MTS) tetrazolium reduction, and resazurin reduction methods used to estimate the number of ... More
Environmental polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons affect androgen receptor activation in vitro.
AuthorsVinggaard AM, Hnida C, Larsen JC
JournalToxicology
PubMed ID10771140
'Nine structurally different polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were tested for their ability to either agonize or antagonize the human androgen receptor (hAR) in a sensitive reporter gene assay based on CHO cells transiently cotransfected with a hAR vector and an MMTV-LUC vector. Benz[a]anthracene (B[a]A), benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), fluoranthene, chrysene and 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene ... More
N-acetylcysteine does not protect HepG2 cells against acetaminophen-induced apoptosis.
AuthorsManov I, Hirsh M, Iancu TC
JournalBasic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol
PubMed ID15125691
'Acetaminophen in large doses is well-known as hepatotoxic, and early therapy with N-acetylcysteine is frequently life-saving. However, in later stages of acetaminophen poisoning, treatment with N-acetylcysteine is not always effective. Although some of the pathways of acetaminophen toxicity and the effect of N-acetylcysteine have been elucidated, in depth information on ... More
GTSF-2: a new, versatile cell culture medium for diverse normal and transformed mammalian cells.
'The aim of this study was to test the versatility of a new basal cell culture medium, GTSF-2. In addition to traditional growth-factors, GTSF-2 contains a blend of three sugars (glucose, galactose, and fructose) at their physiological levels. For these studies, we isolated normal endothelial cells from human, bovine, and ... More
Evaluation of bacterial survival and phagocyte function with a fluorescence-based microplate assay.
AuthorsShiloh MU, Ruan J, Nathan C
JournalInfect Immun
PubMed ID9234774
'To compare antibacterial function in macrophages from mice deficient in the respiratory burst oxidase or inducible nitric oxide synthase, we developed a fluorescence-based microplate assay of bacterial survival. As bacteria grow, they convert a formulation of resazurin termed AlamarBlue from its nonfluorescent oxidized state to its fluorescent reduced state. The ... More
In vitro susceptibility of Malassezia furfur against azole compounds.
AuthorsSchmidt A, Rühl-Hörster B
JournalMycoses
PubMed ID9009652
'The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for 30 isolates of Malassezia furfur of four azole compounds-bifonazole, climbazole, clotrimazole and ketoconazole were determined as these substances are used in the topical therapy of M. furfur-associated skin conditions. M. furfur is a lipophilic fungus with complex growth requirements; the MICs were measured in ... More
Blockade of sulfur mustard cytotoxicity in human epidermal keratinocytes with the purinergic receptor antagonist suramin.
AuthorsDoebler JA
JournalVet Hum Toxicol
PubMed ID12583689
'Studies were conducted to determine whether sulfur mustard (HD)-induced cytotoxicity in human epidermal keratinocytes (HEK) could be prevented by the P2 purinergic receptor antagonist suramin. Alamar blue and calcein-AM cytotoxicity assays were conducted 48 h after HD exposure. Short (10-15 min) pre-incubations with 1-5 mM suramin blocked the cytotoxic effect ... More
A Bcl-2 antisense oligonucleotide increases alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA) toxicity in cortical cultures.
AuthorsWhite MJ, Chen J, Zhu L, Irvin S, Sinor A, DiCaprio MJ, Jin K, Greenberg DA
JournalAnn Neurol
PubMed ID9382469
'Both alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA) receptor-mediated neurotoxicity and the induction of death-regulatory genes have been implicated in the pathophysiology of delayed ischemic neuronal injury. To assess the role of the antiapoptotic gene Bcl-2 in the modulation of AMPA toxicity, we exposed neuron-enriched cultures from rat cerebral cortex to AMPA, in the ... More
Application of sensitive mouse lymph node assay for detection of contact sensitization capacity of dyes.
AuthorsIkarashi Y, Tsuchiya T, Nakamura A
JournalJ Appl Toxicol
PubMed ID8854222
'A sensitive mouse lymph node assay (SLNA) is a test method for the detection of contact allergens. The sensitization potential of test chemicals is determined by assessing total lymph node activation response induced by application of the chemical. In this study, we examined whether the SLNA would have a sufficient ... More
In vitro cytotoxicity tests on cultured human skin fibroblasts to predict skin irritation potential of surfactants.
AuthorsLee JK, Kim DB, Kim JI, Kim PY
JournalToxicol In Vitro
PubMed ID10906441
'Cultured human skin cells are a potentially useful model for skin irritancy testing. We have investigated the use of human skin fibroblasts for in vitro screening for skin toxicity. To assess the cytotoxic effects of surfactants, cell viability was measured by the NRU (neutral red uptake) assay and AB (Alamar ... More
Identification and characterization of a new member of the TNF family that induces apoptosis.
AuthorsWiley SR, Schooley K, Smolak PJ, Din WS, Huang CP, Nicholl JK, Sutherland GR, Smith TD, Rauch C, Smith CA
JournalImmunity
PubMed ID8777713
'A novel tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family member has been cloned and characterized. This protein, designated TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), consists of 281 and 291 aa in the human and murine forms, respectively, which share 65% aa identity. TRAIL is a type II membrane protein, whose C-terminal extracellular domain shows ... More
Role of calcium in thromboxane B2-mediated injury to rabbit gastric mucosal cells.
AuthorsWong HM, Soper BD, Tepperman BL
JournalDig Dis Sci
PubMed ID7555460
'A sustained increase in cytosolic Ca2+ can damage gastric mucosal cells. The present study has examined the role of Ca2+ in thromboxane B2 (TXB2)-mediated damage of rabbit isolated gastric mucosal cells. Cells were isolated from rabbit oxyntic mucosa by collagenase-EDTA digestion. Cell metabolic activity and cell damage were estimated by ... More
A new, simple, nonradioactive, nontoxic in vitro assay to monitor corneal endothelial cell viability.
'PURPOSE: This study was designed to determine whether Alamar blue could be used to evaluate corneal endothelial cell viability in vitro. METHODS: Alamar blue incorporates a proprietary redox indicator that changes color in response to metabolic activity. Primary rabbit endothelial cells were subcultured on 96-well plates at densities ranging from ... More
Fluorometric and colorimetric enzymic determination of triglycerides (triacylglycerols) in serum.
'We describe two fully enzymic methods, fluorometric and colorimetric, for determination of triglycerides (triacylglycerols) in serum. Samples are incubated with microbial lipase for 10 min, and the glycerol released from the triglycerides is oxidized by NAD+ in the presence of glycerol dehydrogenase. In the fluorometric method, the resulting NADH is ... More
Effects of resazurin on bovine oocyte fertilization and embryo development in vitro.
'Resazurin is a redox dye (7-hydroxy-3H-phenoxazin-3-one-10-oxide) used for assessing potential fertility of spermatozoa and functional status of eukaryotic cells. In this study, the fertilizing capacity of spermatozoa treated with resazurin and effects of resazurin on bovine embryo development in vitro was examined. Abattoir-derived bovine oocytes were collected and subjected to ... More
Cryopreservation of keratinocytes in a monolayer.
AuthorsPasch J, Schiefer A, Heschel I, Rau G
JournalCryobiology
PubMed ID10529309
'The cryopreservation of cells in tissues is one of the major challenges in current cryobiology, especially with regard to the progressively increasing field of tissue engineering. It is very questionable whether protocols which were developed for the cryopreservation of isolated cells are also applicable for cells in more complex structures, ... More
Effects of human serum on bacterial competition with neutrophils for molecular oxygen.
AuthorsBritigan BE, Cohen MS
JournalInfect Immun
PubMed ID3086230
'A dialyzable factor(s) in human serum is known to stimulate gonococcal oxygen consumption. Its effect on other human pathogens was investigated. A 10% serum solution increased peak O2 consumption for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus to 157% (P less than 0.05) and 199% (P less than 0.02), respectively, of their ... More
Photocatalytic and free radical interactions of the heterocyclic N-oxide resazurin with NADH, GSH, and Dopa.
AuthorsPrütz WA, Butler J, Land EJ
JournalArch Biochem Biophys
PubMed ID8619609
'Electron donating free radicals NAD(.), (.)CO2(-), MV(.)+, and e(aq)-, generated by pulse radiolysis, reduce resazurin (RNO) with rate constants of 1.9 x 10(9), 2.8 x 10(9), 4.8 x 10(9), and 2.3 x 10(10) M(-1) s(-1), respectively, neutral solution. The semireduced dye (RN(.)-O- disproportionates slowly to RN (resorufin) and RNO. There ... More
Antimycobacterial activity of 1-substituted indolizines.
AuthorsGundersen LL, Negussie AH, Rise F, ØStby OB
JournalArch Pharm (Weinheim)
PubMed ID12822185
'Indolizine derivatives were tested as antimycobacterials against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H(37)Rv (ATCC 27294)in BACTEC 12B medium using the Microplate Alamar Blue Assay. The most active compounds examined carry an alpha-hydroxybenzyl substituent in the indolizine 1-position. MICs against Mycobacterium tuberculosis for these compounds were 6.25 microg/mL' ... More
The dehydrogenase assay with resazurin: practical performance as a monitoring system and Ph-dependent toxicity of phenolic compounds.
AuthorsStrotmann UJ, Butz B, Bias WR
JournalEcotoxicol Environ Saf
PubMed ID7682921
'The dehydrogenase assay with resazurin as an oxidoreduction dye was used for monitoring the performance of six laboratory-scale sewage treatment plants. The dehydrogenase activity measured proved to be a reliable monitoring parameter, although it did not always positively correlate with the simultaneously estimated respiration activity. With the help of the ... More
Multisite reproducibility of colorimetric broth microdilution method for antifungal susceptibility testing of yeast isolates.
AuthorsPfaller MA, Vu Q, Lancaster M, Espinel-Ingroff A, Fothergill A, Grant C, McGinnis MR, Pasarell L, Rinaldi MG, Steele-Moore L
JournalJ Clin Microbiol
PubMed ID7929747
'MICs of fluconazole and amphotericin B were determined independently for 100 coded yeast isolates by each of six laboratories to determine reproducibility of results by using a colorimetric oxidation-reduction-based broth microdilution test. In addition, each site tested five quality control isolates on at least four different occasions during the study. ... More
Comparison of flow cytometric and Alamar Blue tests with the proportional method for testing susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to rifampin and isoniazid.
AuthorsReis RS, Neves I, Lourenço SL, Fonseca LS, Lourenço MC
JournalJ Clin Microbiol
PubMed ID15131202
'The performance of flow cytometry and the microplate Alamar Blue assay in determining susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was assessed by testing 150 Brazilian isolates. The overall agreement was 97.3 and 98% for isoniazid and 94.7 and 100% for rifampin by flow cytometry and MABA, respectively. This study was entirely done ... More
The determination and excretion of individual human fecal bile acids.
AuthorsBeher WT, Lin GJ, Bajraszewski F
JournalSteroids
PubMed ID6545489
'A fluorometric method, using resazurin, for the analysis of individual fecal bile acids separated by thin layer chromatography of crude fecal extracts is described. The method is precise and accurate. The assay was used to investigate the constancy of excretion of individual fecal bile acids in small random stool samples ... More
Comparison of resazurin test results with various sperm parameters.
AuthorsFuse H, Okumura M, Kazama T, Katayama T
JournalAndrologia
PubMed ID8517555
'The resazurin reduction test was performed on semen samples from 83 untreated infertile and 9 pregnancy-confirmed fertile males, and the results were compared with other sperm parameters. The highest correlations with resazurin grade were found for motile sperm concentration (r = 0.65, P < 0.001), per cent motility (r = ... More
Inhibition of RPE cell-mediated matrix adhesion and collagen gel contraction by crovidisin, a collagen-binding snake venom protein.
AuthorsYang CH, Liu CZ, Huang TF, Yang CM, Lui KR, Chen MS, Hung PT
JournalCurr Eye Res
PubMed ID9395771
'PURPOSE: Cell-mediated collagen gel contraction plays an important role in the pathogenesis of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). Anti-adhesion therapy has been suggested as a promising strategy in the treatment of PVR. Crovidisin, a snake venom protein isolated from Crotalus viridis, has been shown to bind selectively to collagen and to inhibit ... More
A Genetically engineered cell-based system for detecting metabolism-mediated toxicity.
AuthorsBull S, Langezaal I, Clothier R, Coecke S
JournalAltern Lab Anim
PubMed ID11709044
'Xenobiotics undergoing bioactivation by CYP450 enzymes form reactive metabolites that may exert direct metabolism-mediated toxicity. An in vitro model was developed to study the direct toxic effects that follow the metabolic activation of chemicals. The model uses monolayer cultures of genetically engineered NIH-3T3 or V79 cells that express individual human ... More
The role of various biomedical polymers concentration on the adhesion rate and viability of monocyte and monocyte derived macrophages.
AuthorsBenghuzzi HA
JournalBiomed Sci Instrum
PubMed ID7654948
'The relationship between various polymers used in surgical implantation and cellular response at that particular site has not been fully elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of various biomedical polymers on the adherence and viability of monocyte and monocyte derived macrophages. The monocytes were isolated ... More
An automated biological assay to determine levels of the trypanocidal drug melarsoprol in biological fluids.
AuthorsOnyango JD, Burri C, Brun R
JournalActa Trop
PubMed ID10643913
'For the investigation of the pharmacokinetic properties of a drug, methods for sensitive and precise quantification are a prerequisite. Only few functional methods exist for the determination of the trypanocidal drug melarsoprol in biological fluids: A bioassay which requires microscopical evaluation and two HPLC methods, which require sample extraction and ... More
Human amylin induces "apoptotic" pattern of gene expression concomitant with cortical neuronal apoptosis.
AuthorsTucker HM, Rydel RE, Wright S, Estus S
JournalJ Neurochem
PubMed ID9681440
'Amylin forms large beta-pleated neurotoxic oligomers but shows only 38% sequence similarity to A beta. As patterns of gene expression during neuronal apoptosis appear stimulus and cell type specific, we compared the pattern of amylin-induced gene expression in rat cortical neurons with that shown previously to be induced by A ... More
Reassessment of FDG uptake in tumor cells: high FDG uptake as a reflection of oxygen-independent glycolysis dominant energy production.
AuthorsWaki A, Fujibayashi Y, Yonekura Y, Sadato N, Ishii Y, Yokoyama A
JournalNucl Med Biol
PubMed ID9352538
'To determine appropriate use of 2-[18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) in the diagnosis of malignant tumors, the mechanism of enhanced FDG uptake in tumor cells was reassessed using in vitro cultured cell lines and 3H-deoxyglucose (DG), in combination with possible parameters of aerobic and anaerobic energy production. The high DG uptake in the ... More
Imatinib mesylate is a potent inhibitor of the ABCG2 (BCRP) transporter and reverses resistance to topotecan and SN-38 in vitro.
AuthorsHoughton PJ, Germain GS, Harwood FC, Schuetz JD, Stewart CF, Buchdunger E, Traxler P
JournalCancer Res
PubMed ID15059881
'Imatinib mesylate (Gleevec, STI571) is a kinase inhibitor selective for Bcr-Abl, activated c-Kit kinases, and platelet-derived growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase. Imatinib mesylate, similar to many other tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), such as members of the 4-anilinoquinazoline class, competes for ATP binding. Previously, 4-anilinoquinazoline TKIs have been shown to inhibit ... More
Enlarged spectrum of seminological diagnoses using the resazurin colour reaction; a spectrophotometric application.
AuthorsRahman NA, Kula K
JournalInt J Androl
PubMed ID9202986
'Two sets of investigations were carried out in the present study to establish whether, in semen samples processed for the resazurin reaction (RT), the colour change and its intensity were informative for both the quality and quantity of spermatozoa. First, the results of RT were read visually using single semen ... More
Colorimetric method for determining MICs of antimicrobial agents for Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
AuthorsYajko DM, Madej JJ, Lancaster MV, Sanders CA, Cawthon VL, Gee B, Babst A, Hadley WK
JournalJ Clin Microbiol
PubMed ID7494021
'A colorimetric method for quantitative measurement of the susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to antimicrobial agents is described. The method utilizes an oxidation-reduction dye, Alamar blue, as an indicator of growth. By this method, MICs of isoniazid, rifampin, streptomycin, and ethambutol were determined for 50 strains of M. tuberculosis. Colorimetric MIC ... More
Arterial and venular endothelial cell costimulation of cytokine secretion by human T cell clones.
AuthorsJohnson DR, Hauser IA, Voll RE, Emmrich F
JournalJ Leukoc Biol
PubMed ID9581806
'Vascular endothelial cell (EC) costimulation of cytokine secretion by T lymphocytes may be important in inflammation and allograft rejection. Venous and arterial iliac endothelial cells (VIEC, AIEC) both costimulate interleukin-2 (IL-2) production by peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) or T cell clones stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production is costimulated ... More
Effects of esradiol and progesterone on the proliferation of human gingival fibroblasts.
AuthorsChristoffers AB, Kreisler M, Willershausen B
JournalEur J Med Res
PubMed ID14711600
'AIM: The aim of the in vitro study was to examine the effect of estradiol and progesterone on the proliferation rate of human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) derived from a healthy and a diabetic (type II) individual. METHODS: In the first experiment, cells in the logarithmic proliferative phase were incubated with ... More
A non-radioactive complement-dependent cytotoxicity assay for anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody.
AuthorsGazzano-Santoro H, Ralph P, Ryskamp TC, Chen AB, Mukku VR
JournalJ Immunol Methods
PubMed ID9107305
'A simple and non-radioactive complement-dependent cytotoxicity assay was developed to determine the relative potency of an anti-CD20 mAb, IDEC-C2B8. The assay measures the relative number of viable cells based on the uptake and metabolism of the redox dye, Alamar blue. A linear relationship between the relative fluorescence unit generated and ... More
CD95 expression and CD95-mediated apoptosis of T cells in multiple sclerosis. No differences from normal individuals and no relation to HLA-DR2.
AuthorsZipp F, Faber E, Sommer N, Müller C, Dichgans J, Krammer PH, Martin R, Weller M
JournalJ Neuroimmunol
PubMed ID9521618
'CD95-mediated apoptosis is a potent endogenous pathway of T cell elimination that has been suggested to be altered in multiple sclerosis (MS). MS is associated with the HLA-DR2, Dw2, DQ6 HLA class II haplotype. We have previously reported that T cell lines from HLA-DR2-positive individuals show enhanced production of tumor ... More
Rapid screening for high-titer retroviral packaging cell lines using an in situ fluorescence assay.
AuthorsGreen BJ, Rasko JE
JournalHum Gene Ther
PubMed ID12067434
'The production of high-titer recombinant retrovirus is a major determinant of the efficiency of target cell transduction. Titer assessment for producer clones that contain vectors encoding proteins that can be detected using fluorescence is typically performed by flow cytometry. However, this method is both costly and labor intensive, severely limiting ... More
Comparison of a novel redox dye cell growth assay to the ATP bioluminescence assay.
AuthorsSquatrito RC, Connor JP, Buller RE
JournalGynecol Oncol
PubMed ID7789873
'Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ASOs) are being studied with increasing frequency to determine their potential role as anticancer drugs. The overwhelming majority of this research continues to be done in vitro. Reliable and accurate determination of cell proliferation and/or inhibition, therefore, is essential for the production of meaningful results. The Alamar Blue ... More
Nile Red binding to HepG2 cells: an improved assay for in vitro studies of hepatosteatosis.
AuthorsMcMillian MK, Grant ER, Zhong Z, Parker JB, Li L, Zivin RA, Burczynski ME, Johnson MD
JournalIn Vitr Mol Toxicol
PubMed ID11846991
'Nile Red is a fluorescent dye used extensively to study fat accumulation in many types of cells; unfortunately protocols that work well for most cells are not effective for studying drug-induced lipid accumulation in cultured liver cells and hepatocyte-derived cell lines. Using human hepatoma (HepG2) cells, we have developed a ... More