Rotavirus NSP4 induces a novel vesicular compartment regulated by calcium and associated with viroplasms.
AuthorsBerkova Z, Crawford SE, Trugnan G, Yoshimori T, Morris AP, Estes MK
JournalJ Virol
PubMed ID16731945
'Rotavirus is a major cause of infantile viral gastroenteritis. Rotavirus nonstructural protein 4 (NSP4) has pleiotropic properties and functions in viral morphogenesis as well as pathogenesis. Recent reports show that the inhibition of NSP4 expression by small interfering RNAs leads to alteration of the production and distribution of other viral ... More
Interactions between multiple rhythm generators produce complex patterns of oscillation in the developing rat spinal cord.
AuthorsDemir R, Gao BX, Jackson MB, Ziskind-Conhaim L
JournalJ Neurophysiol
PubMed ID11826073
'Neural networks capable of generating coordinated rhythmic activity form at early stages of development in the spinal cord. In this study, voltage-imaging techniques were used to examine the spatiotemporal pattern of rhythmic activity in transverse slices of lumbar spinal cord from embryonic and neonatal rats. Real-time images were recorded in ... More
Dynamic imaging of functional nerve terminals and Schwann cells in presynaptic 'nerve plates' isolated from the skate electric organ
AuthorsDowdall M, Green A, Richardson C
JournalJ Exp Biol
PubMed ID9317554
'The cholinergic innervation and its glial support were isolated in a functional state from the electric organ of the skate (Raja species) using a combined enzymatic and mechanical dissociation technique. Examination using light and electron microscopy showed that this ''nerve plate'' is a disc-shaped structure several hundred micrometres in diameter ... More
Near infrared two-photon excitation cross-sections of voltage-sensitive dyes.
AuthorsFisher JA, Salzberg BM, Yodh AG
JournalJ Neurosci Methods
PubMed ID16129493
'Microscopy based on voltage-sensitive dyes has proven effective for revealing spatio-temporal patterns of neuronal activity in vivo and in vitro. Two-photon microscopy using voltage-sensitive dyes offers the possibility of wide-field visualization of membrane potential on sub-cellular length scales, hundreds of microns below the tissue surface. Very little information is available, ... More
Imaging of cerebellar surface activation in vivo using voltage sensitive dyes.
AuthorsKim JH, Dunn MB, Hua Y, Rydberg J, Yae H, Elias SA, Ebner TJ
JournalNeuroscience
PubMed ID2594193
'The understanding of the information processing performed by complex neuronal networks in the central nervous system will require techniques permitting the simultaneous monitoring of the electrical activity of neuronal ensembles. Voltage sensitive dyes offer the potential for non-invasive optical monitoring of the activity in large populations of neurons. In this ... More
Simultaneous optical recording of membrane potential and intracellular calcium from brain slices.
AuthorsSinha SR, Saggau P
JournalMethods
PubMed ID10356352
'Optical recording techniques provide a constantly evolving and increasingly powerful set of tools for investigations of cellular physiology. These techniques rely on the use of optical indicators, molecules that change their optical properties depending on the cellular parameter of interest. In this paper we discuss some of the general considerations ... More
In vivo observations of pre- and postsynaptic changes during the transition from multiple to single innervation at developing neuromuscular junctions.
AuthorsBalice-Gordon RJ, Lichtman JW
JournalJ Neurosci
PubMed ID8426240
'Synaptic rearrangements in developing muscle were studied by visualizing individual neuromuscular junctions in the sternomastoid muscle of living neonatal mice as they underwent the transition from multiple to single innervation. Vital staining of ACh receptors (AChRs) with rhodamine-conjugated alpha-bungarotoxin showed that while junctions were still multiply innervated (usually by two ... More
Odor-elicited activity monitored simultaneously from 124 regions of the salamander olfactory bulb using a voltage-sensitive dye.
AuthorsKauer JS, Senseman DM, Cohen LB
JournalBrain Res
PubMed ID3676715
'In response to controlled, odor pulse stimulation of the olfactory receptor mucosa, large fluorescence signals were recorded simultaneously from 124 contiguous anatomical regions of the salamander olfactory bulb using the potentiometric probe RH 414. The amplitudes and waveforms of the signals varied systematically across the bulbar surface in apparent correspondence ... More
Vital staining of the hearing organ: visualization of cellular structure with confocal microscopy.
AuthorsFlock A, Scarfone E, Ulfendahl M
JournalNeuroscience
PubMed ID9466411
'Cells inside the intact organ of Corti were labelled with fluorescent probes reflecting various aspects of structure and function. The dyes were introduced into the perilymphatic space by perfusion of the scala tympani of the temporal bone from the guinea-pig maintained in isolation. The dyes were able to diffuse through ... More
Voltage-sensitive dye recording of action potentials and synaptic potentials from sympathetic microcultures.
AuthorsChien CB, Pine J
JournalBiophys J
PubMed ID1681956
'Given the appropriate multicell electrophysiological techniques, small networks of cultured neurons (microcultures) are well suited to long-term studies of synaptic plasticity. To this end, we have developed an apparatus for optical recording from cultured vertebrate neurons using voltage-sensitive fluorescent dyes (Chien, C.-B., and J. Pine. 1991. J. Neurosci. Methods. 38:93-105). ... More
Fluorescent styryl dyes applied as fast optical probes of cardiac action potential.
AuthorsMüller W, Windisch H, Tritthart HA
JournalEur Biophys J
PubMed ID3816701
'Several styryl dyes were tested as fast optical probes of membrane action potentials in mammalian heart muscle tissue. After staining, atrial specimens were superfused in physiological salt solution, and fluorescence was excited by an argon ion laser. Excitation spot size on the surface of the preparation was 60 microns in ... More
Optical recording of electrical activity from axons and glia of frog optic nerve: potentiometric dye responses and morphometrics.
AuthorsKonnerth A, Orkand PM, Orkand RK
JournalGlia
PubMed ID2852172
'Voltage-sensitive dyes were used to study the changes in membrane potential in axons and glial cells of the frog optic nerve following electrical stimulation. The lack of a signal in the unstained nerve and the multiphasic action spectra after staining indicated that the optical responses were from the extrinsic dyes. ... More
Origin of the in vivo rat piriform cortex activity recorded with voltage-sensitive dyes: comparison of the optical signals and the field potentials.
AuthorsLitaudon P, Cattarelli M
JournalBrain Res
PubMed ID1467937
'The comparison of optical recordings and evoked field potentials recorded on the rat piriform cortex pointed out that both signals were strongly correlated. As the field potentials, the two waves of the optical signals originated from the mono- (direct olfactory bulb afferents) and polysynaptic (intrinsic association fibers) excitatory postsynaptic potentials. ... More
Excitotoxic degeneration is initiated at non-random sites in cultured rat cerebellar neurons.
AuthorsBindokas VP, Miller RJ
JournalJ Neurosci
PubMed ID7472456
'Prolonged stimulation of cultured cerebellar neurons by kainic acid (KA) leads to death of neurons first evident from the swelling of soma and neurites. Stimulation is accompanied by increases in [Ca2+]i and [Na+]i as monitored using digital imaging microfluorimetry. "Blebs" tended to form on neurites with the highest increases in ... More
Imaging of L-type Ca2+ channels in olfactory bulb neurones using fluorescent dihydropyridine and a styryl dye.
AuthorsSchild D, Geiling H, Bischofberger J
JournalJ Neurosci Methods
PubMed ID8531485
'We have imaged the fluorescence of dihydropyridine-Bodipy (fDHP) in cultured olfactory bulb neurones in order to investigate the subcellular distribution of L-type calcium channels in these neurones. The neurones were stained with both fDHP and the voltage-sensitive styryl dye RH414. The fluorescence emission maxima of these dyes were in the ... More
Activity-dependent fluorescent staining and destaining of living vertebrate motor nerve terminals.
AuthorsBetz WJ, Mao F, Bewick GS
JournalJ Neurosci
PubMed ID1371312
'Living motor nerve terminals from several species can be stained in an activity-dependent fashion by certain styryl dyes, such as RH414, RH795, and a new dye, FM1-43, which can be imaged independently of the others. The dyes evidently become trapped within recycled synaptic vesicles. In frog cutaneus pectoris muscle, bright ... More
Optical imaging of excitation propagation evoked by stimulation to the trigeminal caudalis.
AuthorsSeo K, Fujiwara N, Takeuchi K, Maeda T, Someya G
JournalNeuroreport
PubMed ID11742224
'The present study reports on a characteristic spatio-temporal propagation of differential fluorescent images in the rat brain stem slice by a high-speed optical imaging technique. Coronal or sagittal slices were stained with a voltage-sensitive dye RH-414, and the superficial layer of the trigeminal caudalis (Vc) was then electrically stimulated. The ... More
Persistent polyneuronal innervation in partially denervated rat muscle after reinnervation and recovery from prolonged nerve conduction block.
AuthorsBarry JA, Ribchester RR
JournalJ Neurosci
PubMed ID7472398
'The contribution of activity to the long-term stability of synaptic connections is a subject of ongoing debate. In the present study we examined the effects of recovery from chronic disuse on the pattern of reinnervation of partially denervated adult rat skeletal muscles, using tension measurements, intracellular recordings, and observations of ... More
Fluorescence microscopy with diffraction resolution barrier broken by stimulated emission.
AuthorsKlar TA, Jakobs S, Dyba M, Egner A, Hell SW
JournalProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
PubMed ID10899992
'The diffraction barrier responsible for a finite focal spot size and limited resolution in far-field fluorescence microscopy has been fundamentally broken. This is accomplished by quenching excited organic molecules at the rim of the focal spot through stimulated emission. Along the optic axis, the spot size was reduced by up ... More
Confocal microscopy: applications in neurobiology.
AuthorsFine A, Amos WB, Durbin RM, McNaughton PA
JournalTrends Neurosci
PubMed ID2469194
Real-time optical mapping of neuronal activity: from single growth cones to the intact mammalian brain.
AuthorsGrinvald A
JournalAnnu Rev Neurosci
PubMed ID3885828
Optical imaging of neuronal activity.
AuthorsGrinvald A, Frostig RD, Lieke E, Hildesheim R
JournalPhysiol Rev
PubMed ID3054949
Voltage-sensitive dyes and functional activity in the olfactory pathway.
AuthorsCinelli AR, Kauer JS
JournalAnnu Rev Neurosci
PubMed ID1575446
Voltage-sensitive dye imaging: Technique review and models.
AuthorsChemla S, Chavane F,
JournalJ Physiol Paris
PubMed ID19909809
In this review, we present the voltage-sensitive dye imaging (VSDI) method. The possibility offered for in vivo (and in vitro) brain imaging is unprecedented in terms of spatial and temporal resolution. However, the unresolved multi-component origin of the optical signal encourages us to perform a detailed analysis of the method ... More
Optical analysis of synaptic vesicle recycling at the frog neuromuscular junction.
AuthorsBetz WJ, Bewick GS
JournalScience
PubMed ID1553547
The fluorescent dyes FM1-43 and RH414 label motor nerve terminals in an activity-dependent fashion that involves dye uptake by synaptic vesicles that are recycling. This allows optical monitoring of vesicle recycling in living nerve terminals to determine how recycled vesicles reenter the vesicle pool. The results suggest that recycled vesicles ... More
Optical recording with single cell resolution from monolayered slice cultures of rat hippocampus.
AuthorsBonhoeffer T, Staiger V
JournalNeurosci Lett
PubMed ID3200484
Voltage-sensitive dyes were used to optically record the membrane potentials from neurons in hippocampal slice cultures. Multi-channel recordings from these monolayered but otherwise 'organotypic' slice cultures had very good spatial as well as good temporal resolution (15 x 15 micron, 0.5 ms respectively). We show that in this preparation action ... More
High-speed voltage-sensitive dye imaging of an in vivo insect brain.
AuthorsOkada K, Kanzaki R, Kawachi K
JournalNeurosci Lett
PubMed ID8736644
We have developed an improved optical recording technique with high spatio-temporal resolution to investigate neural activity from an in vivo insect brain. Optical images were acquired from hawk moth antennal lobe (AL) neurons. When activity was elicited by electrical stimulation of the antennal nerve using a stereoscopic microscope, depolarization followed ... More
Optical mapping of electrical activity in rat somatosensory and visual cortex.
AuthorsOrbach HS, Cohen LB, Grinvald A
JournalJ Neurosci
PubMed ID4020423
We have investigated the use of optical methods for monitoring neuron activity in mammalian cortex. The cortex was stained with a voltage-sensitive dye and fluorescence was simultaneously measured from 124 areas using a photodiode array. Optical signals were detected in rat somatosensory cortex in response to small whisker movements and ... More
Mechanism of presynaptic inhibition by neuropeptide Y at sympathetic nerve terminals.
AuthorsToth PT, Bindokas VP, Bleakman D, Colmers WF, Miller RJ
JournalNature
PubMed ID8394510
Calcium influx through voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channels is the normal physiological stimulus for the activity-dependent release of neurotransmitters at synaptic contacts. It has been postulated that presynaptic inhibition of transmitter release is due to a reduction in Ca2+ influx at the nerve terminal, which could result from the direct inhibition of ... More
Imaging exocytosis and endocytosis.
AuthorsBetz WJ, Mao F, Smith CB
JournalCurr Opin Neurobiol
PubMed ID8794083
From the secretion of neurotransmitters via synaptic vesicles to the expulsion of cellular waste via contractile vacuoles, exocytosis and its sequel, endocytosis, are being explored with a variety of new optical tools. Fluorescent markers, especially styryl dyes such as FM1-43 (which reversibly labels endosomal membranes), have been used to follow ... More
Fluorescence recordings of electrical activity in goldfish optic tectum in vitro.
AuthorsManis PB, Freeman JA
JournalJ Neurosci
PubMed ID3339422
Optical methods for recording electrical activity in the goldfish optic tectum were evaluated. Tectal slices, with a short section of the optic nerve attached, were stained with a fluorescent styryl dye. Potential-dependent fluorescence changes following optic nerve stimulation were monitored with a photodiode. We found that large optical signals could ... More
Vital imaging of glomeruli in the mouse olfactory bulb.
AuthorsLaMantia AS, Pomeroy SL, Purves D
JournalJ Neurosci
PubMed ID1545246
We have monitored the pattern of identified glomeruli in the olfactory bulbs of newborn, juvenile, and adult mice over intervals of several hours to several weeks. Our purpose was to assess the development and stability of these complex units in the mammalian brain. Glomeruli can be observed by vital fluorescent ... More
Ca2+- and K+-dependent communication between central nervous system myelinated axons and oligodendrocytes revealed by voltage-sensitive dyes.
AuthorsLev-Ram V, Grinvald A
JournalProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
PubMed ID2428038
The interactions between myelinated axons and surrounding glia cells, in rat optic nerve, were investigated by optical recording with voltage-sensitive dyes. Electrical stimulation of the nerve evoked an optical signal revealing two clearly distinct components: a fast propagating component, corresponding to the compound action potential, and a prominent slow component. ... More
Optical recording of synaptic potentials from processes of single neurons using intracellular potentiometric dyes.
AuthorsGrinvald A, Salzberg BM, Lev-Ram V, Hildesheim R
JournalBiophys J
PubMed ID3580490
To record post synaptic potentials or electrical activity from processes of single cells in a central nervous system (CNS) preparation in situ, voltage sensitive dyes can be injected intracellularly, thereby staining only the cell under investigation. We report the structure, evaluation, and synthesis of 11 fluorescent styryl dyes developed for ... More
Real-time optical imaging of naturally evoked electrical activity in intact frog brain.
AuthorsGrinvald A, Anglister L, Freeman JA, Hildesheim R, Manker A
JournalNature
PubMed ID6717577
A major obstacle to understanding the function and development of the vertebrate brain is the difficulty in monitoring dynamic patterns of electrical activity in the millesecond time domain; this has limited investigations of such phenomena as modular organization of functional units, seizure activities and spreading depression. The use of voltage-sensitive ... More
Optical recordings of the cortical response to whisker stimulation before and after the addition of an epileptogenic agent.
AuthorsLondon JA, Cohen LB, Wu JY
JournalJ Neurosci
PubMed ID2723769
Optical recording methods using voltage-sensitive dyes were used to monitor activity in rat somatosensory cortex. We measured evoked signals in response to whisker stimulation before (control) and after the addition of the epileptogenic agent, bicuculline, and also detected spontaneous interictal events that occurred after bicuculline. Bicuculline led to an increase ... More
Functional architecture of cortex revealed by optical imaging of intrinsic signals.
AuthorsGrinvald A, Lieke E, Frostig RD, Gilbert CD, Wiesel TN
JournalNature
PubMed ID3785405
Optical imaging of cortical activity offers several advantages over conventional electrophysiological and anatomical techniques. One can map a relatively large region, obtain successive maps to different stimuli in the same cortical area and follow variations in response over time. In the intact mammalian brain this imaging has been accomplished with ... More
Properties of "reconstructed" motor synapses of the garter snake.
AuthorsWilkinson RS, Lunin SD
JournalJ Neurosci
PubMed ID8182475
We have developed a technique, called synaptic reconstruction, that permits nerve terminals of living vertebrate neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) to be isolated and then manually recombined with vacant endplate sites to form functional synapses. By reconstructing NMJs with various combinations of pre- and postsynaptic partners, or with varying degrees of pre- ... More
A K+-selective cGMP-gated ion channel controls chemosensation of sperm.
AuthorsStrünker T, Weyand I, Bönigk W, Van Q, Loogen A, Brown JE, Kashikar N, Hagen V, Krause E, Kaupp UB
JournalNat Cell Biol
PubMed ID16964244
Eggs attract sperm by chemical factors, a process called chemotaxis. Sperm from marine invertebrates use cGMP signalling to transduce incident chemoattractants into changes in the Ca2+ concentration in the flagellum, which control the swimming behaviour during chemotaxis. The signalling pathway downstream of the synthesis of cGMP by a guanylyl cyclase ... More
Optical detection of neuromodulatory effects of conditioned taste aversion in the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis.
AuthorsKojima S, Hosono T, Fujito Y, Ito E
JournalJ Neurobiol
PubMed ID11598919
Multiple site optical recording was used to analyze the neural activity changes caused by conditioned taste aversion (CTA) training in the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis. In response to electrical stimulation of the median lip nerve, which transmits chemosensory signals of appetitive taste to the central nervous system, we optically detected ... More
Direct membrane retrieval into large vesicles after exocytosis in sea urchin eggs.
AuthorsWhalley T, Terasaki M, Cho MS, Vogel SS
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID8522582
At fertilization in sea urchin eggs, elevated cytosolic Ca2+ leads to the exocytosis of 15,000-18,000 1.3-microns-diam cortical secretory granules to form the fertilization envelope. Cortical granule exocytosis more than doubles the surface area of the egg. It is thought that much of the added membrane is retrieved by subsequent endocytosis. ... More
Mini-dystrophin restores L-type calcium currents in skeletal muscle of transgenic mdx mice.
AuthorsFriedrich O, Both M, Gillis JM, Chamberlain JS, Fink RH
JournalJ Physiol
PubMed ID14594987
L-type calcium currents (iCa) were recorded using the two-microelectrode voltage-clamp technique in single short toe muscle fibres of three different mouse strains: (i) C57/SV129 wild-type mice (wt); (ii) mdx mice (an animal model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy; and (iii) transgenically engineered mini-dystrophin (MinD)-expressing mdx mice. The activation and inactivation properties ... More
Effects of uniform extracellular DC electric fields on excitability in rat hippocampal slices in vitro.
AuthorsBikson M, Inoue M, Akiyama H, Deans JK, Fox JE, Miyakawa H, Jefferys JG
JournalJ Physiol
PubMed ID14978199
The effects of uniform steady state (DC) extracellular electric fields on neuronal excitability were characterized in rat hippocampal slices using field, intracellular and voltage-sensitive dye recordings. Small electric fields (</40/ mV mm(-1)), applied parallel to the somato-dendritic axis, induced polarization of CA1 pyramidal cells; the relationship between applied field and ... More
Simultaneous optical recording of evoked and spontaneous transients of membrane potential and intracellular calcium concentration with high spatio-temporal resolution.
AuthorsSinha SR, Patel SS, Saggau P
JournalJ Neurosci Methods
PubMed ID8544487
We have developed a system for simultaneous optical recording of transients of membrane potential and intracellular calcium concentration from mammalian brain slice preparations with high spatio-temporal resolution. Simultaneous recording was achieved by using two dedicated photodetectors together with two fluorescent indicators. Specifically, the calcium-sensitive dye Calcium Orange and the voltage-sensitive ... More
Single-bouton-mediated synaptic transmission: postsynaptic conductance changes in their relationship with presynaptic calcium signals.
AuthorsKirischuk S, Veselovsky N, Grantyn R
JournalPflugers Arch
PubMed ID10555571
Most central neurons contact their dendritic targets at several sites. However, it is not known whether all synapses formed by a single parent axon make the same contribution to the postsynaptic response. In order to answer this question it is necessary to isolate the synaptic currents generated by individual axon ... More
Fluorescent styryl dyes as probes for Na,K-ATPase reaction mechanism: significance of the charge of the hydrophilic moiety of RH dyes.
AuthorsFedosova NU, Cornelius F, Klodos I
JournalBiochemistry
PubMed ID8527456
The fluorescence responses of a series of potential-sensitive styryl-based dyes (either zwitterionic RH160, RH421, di-4-ANEPPS, or positively charged RH795, RH414, RH461) to phosphorylation of Na,K-ATPase from ATP or inorganic phosphate, and ouabain binding to phospho- or dephosphoforms, have been characterized and compared in broken membrane preparations of the enzyme. Zwitterionic ... More
Measurements of growth cone adhesion to culture surfaces by micromanipulation.
AuthorsZheng J, Buxbaum RE, Heidemann SR
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID7806581
Neurons were grown on plastic surfaces that were untreated, or treated with polylysine, laminin, or L1 and their growth cones were detached from their culture surface by applying known forces with calibrated glass needles. This detachment force was taken as a measure of the force of adhesion of the growth ... More
Odors elicit three different oscillations in the turtle olfactory bulb.
AuthorsLam YW, Cohen LB, Wachowiak M, Zochowski MR
JournalJ Neurosci
PubMed ID10632604
We measured the spatiotemporal aspects of the odor-induced population response in the turtle olfactory bulb using a voltage-sensitive dye, RH414, and a 464-element photodiode array. In contrast with previous studies of population activity using local field potential recordings, we distinguished four signals in the response. The one called DC covered ... More
Co-regulation of synaptic efficacy at stable polyneuronally innervated neuromuscular junctions in reinnervated rat muscle.
AuthorsCostanzo EM, Barry JA, Ribchester RR
JournalJ Physiol
PubMed ID10581308
1. Intracellular recordings and quantal analysis of synaptic transmission were made at neuromuscular junctions receiving stable convergent innervation in reinnervated rat lumbrical muscles, following recovery from chronic nerve conduction block. The polyneuronally innervated motor endplates (pi-junctions) were identified by vital staining of lateral plantar nerve (LPN) and sural nerve (SN) ... More
Endothelial cell-surface gp60 activates vesicle formation and trafficking via G(i)-coupled Src kinase signaling pathway.
AuthorsMinshall RD, Tiruppathi C, Vogel SM, Niles WD, Gilchrist A, Hamm HE, Malik AB
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID10973995
We tested the hypothesis that the albumin-docking protein gp60, which is localized in caveolae, couples to the heterotrimeric GTP binding protein G(i), and thereby activates plasmalemmal vesicle formation and the directed migration of vesicles in endothelial cells (ECs). We used the water-soluble styryl pyridinium dye N-(3-triethylaminopropyl)-4-(p-dibutylaminostyryl) pyridinium dibromide (FM 1-43) ... More
Reversible vacuolation of the transverse tubules of frog skeletal muscle: a confocal fluorescence microscopy study.
AuthorsKrolenko SA, Amos WB, Lucy JA
JournalJ Muscle Res Cell Motil
PubMed ID7499480
A confocal microscope was used to investigate the reversible vacuolation of frog skeletal muscle fibres produced by the efflux and entry of glycerol (80-100 mM). The formation, development and disappearance of vacuoles was observed in the fibres by staining simultaneously with two fluorescent membrane probes, RH414 and DiOC6(3). The styryl ... More
Evidence for the role of alveolar epithelial gp60 in active transalveolar albumin transport in the rat lung.
AuthorsJohn TA, Vogel SM, Minshall RD, Ridge K, Tiruppathi C, Malik AB
JournalJ Physiol
PubMed ID11389211
1. Transcytosis of albumin, involving the 60 kDa albumin-binding glycoprotein, gp60, was studied in cultured type II alveolar epithelial cells obtained from rat lungs. 2. Type II cells internalized the interfacial fluorescent dye RH 414, which marks for plasmalemma vesicles. Fluorescent forms of albumin and anti-gp60 antibody colocalized in the ... More
Relationship between presynaptic calcium transients and postsynaptic currents at single gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic boutons.
AuthorsKirischuk S, Veselovsky N, Grantyn R
JournalProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
PubMed ID10377447
Postsynaptic responses to stereotyped activation of single axons are known to fluctuate, but the origin of synaptic variability in the vertebrate central nervous system is still unclear. To test the hypothesis that fluctuations of inhibitory postsynaptic currents reflect variations in presynaptic Ca2+ concentration, we examined single GABAergic axodendritic contacts in ... More
Activity-dependent modulation of K+ currents at presynaptic terminals of mammalian central synapses.
AuthorsQian J, Saggau P
JournalJ Physiol
PubMed ID10457060
1. The activity-dependent regulation of presynaptic K+ currents at the CA3-CA1 synapse in the rat hippocampus was investigated during a train of evoked afferent action potentials. The waveforms of presynaptic compound action potentials (cAPs) and presynaptic Ca2+ transients ([Ca2+]pre,t) were measured with fluorescent voltage-sensitive and Ca2+-sensitive indicators in rat brain ... More
Endocytosis and exocytosis events regulate vesicle traffic in endothelial cells.
AuthorsNiles WD, Malik AB
JournalJ Membr Biol
PubMed ID9878078
We used water-soluble styryl pyridinium dyes that fluoresce at the membrane-water interface to study vesicle traffic in endothelial cells. Cultured endothelial cells derived from bovine and human pulmonary microvessels were incubated in styryl probes, washed to remove dye from the plasmalemmal outer face, and observed by digital fluorescence microscopy. Vesicles ... More