Location of motoneurons supplying the intrinsic laryngeal muscles of rats. Horseradish peroxidase and fluorescence double-labeling study.
AuthorsPortillo F, Pásaro R
JournalBrain Behav Evol
PubMed ID3233483
This paper describes a qualitative and quantitative investigation of the location of the motoneurons innervating the intrinsic laryngeal muscles of rats. Injections of horseradish peroxidase, Diamidino Yellow and True Blue were made either in one or, simultaneously, in three laryngeal muscles. Unlike those in cats and rabbits, the motoneurons that ... More
Quantification of branched neuronal projections labelled by retrograde fluorescent tracing. A study of olivo-cerebellar projections.
AuthorsLawes IN, Payne JN
JournalJ Neurosci Methods
PubMed ID2425194
A method for estimating the number of branched and unbranched neurones projecting from a nucleus to two target sites is presented, based on the retrograde transport of fluorescent tracers. The method initially involves stereological corrections for the size of cytoplasm and nuclei respectively labelled by the two tracers. A second ... More
Some fluorescent counterstains for neuroanatomical studies.
AuthorsSchmued LC, Swanson LW, Sawchenko PE
JournalJ Histochem Cytochem
PubMed ID6174560
'Methods for counterstaining neural tissue that contains fluorescent markers have been developed. Acridine orange is useful for localizing cells that are retrogradely labelled with the fluorescent tracers true blue, bisbenzimide, and nuclear yellow because at low concentrations it yields a green Nissl stain when excited with blue, but not with ... More
Cysteine 254 of the 73-kDa A subunit is responsible for inhibition of the coated vesicle (H+)-ATPase upon modification by sulfhydryl reagents.
AuthorsFeng Y, Forgac M
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID1532573
'The vacuolar class of (H+)-ATPases are highly sensitive to sulfhydryl reagents, such as N-ethylmaleimide. The cysteine residue which is responsible for inhibition of the coated vesicle (H+)-ATPase upon modification by N-ethylmalemide is located in subunit A and is able to form a disulfide bond with the cysteine moiety of cystine ... More
Melanin-concentrating hormone and neuropeptide EI projections from the lateral hypothalamic area and zona incerta to the medial septal nucleus and spinal cord: a study using multiple neuronal tracers.
AuthorsBittencourt JC, Elias CF
JournalBrain Res
PubMed ID9733903
'The projection pathways of neurons containing melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) and neuropeptide EI (NEI), two peptides colocalized in the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) of the rat, were mapped using the retrogradely transported fluorescent dyes, true blue (TB) and diamidino yellow (DY). TB and DY were injected into the medial septum/diagonal band ... More
Organisation of the tectorotundal and SP/IPS-rotundal projections in the chick.
AuthorsDeng C, Rogers LJ
JournalJ Comp Neurol
PubMed ID9552124
'The organisation of the neural projections from the optic tectum and pretectal nuclei complex, n. subpretectalis / n. interstitio-pretecto-subpretectalis (SP/IPS), to the nucleus rotundus (Rt) in chicks was studied by using retrograde tracing techniques. After the injection of fluorescent retrograde tracers, rhodamine-conjugated latex microspheres, fluorescein-conjugated latex microspheres, True Blue, Fluoro-Gold, ... More
Associational and commissural collaterals of neurons in the hippocampal formation (hilus fasciae dentatae and subfield CA3).
AuthorsLaurberg S, Sørensen KE
JournalBrain Res
PubMed ID7225870
'In rats, True Blue (or Granular Blue) was injected into the hippocampus of one hemisphere and Nuclear Yellow into a homotopic site of the hippocampus of the contralateral hemisphere. Following restricted injections into the septal part of area dentata fluorescent neurons were found in hilus fasciae dentate on both sides ... More
Combined method of fluorescence tracer technique and PAP immunohistochemistry for discrimination of the transplanted cells.
AuthorsTanabe T, Ueda S, Sano Y
JournalHistochemistry
PubMed ID2656591
'The retrograde fluorescence tracer, True Blue (TB), was injected into the forebrain septal area of neonatal rats. After 3 to 6 days the brains of these animals were carefully removed and placed in ice-cold sterilized physiological saline containing 1% glucose. Under the surgical microscope, one or two pairs of mesencephalic ... More
Innervation of the adult rat cerebellar hemisphere by fibres from the ipsilateral inferior olive following unilateral neonatal pedunculotomy: an autoradiographic and retrograde fluorescent double-labelling study.
AuthorsSherrard RM, Bower AJ, Payne JN
JournalExp Brain Res
PubMed ID3709723
'A left cerebellar pedunculotomy was carried out in neonatal rats of different ages to deprive the left cerebellar hemisphere of its normal climbing fibre input. In control adult animals this is totally crossed and thus arises only from the contralateral (right) inferior olive. After pedunculotomy, only the left inferior olive ... More
The output organization of the substantia nigra in primate as revealed by a retrograde double labeling method.
AuthorsParent A, Mackey A, Smith Y, Boucher R
JournalBrain Res Bull
PubMed ID6305462
'The cellular origin and degree of collateralization of the efferent projections of the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) in the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) were studied using the following combinations of fluorescent retrograde tracers: Evans blue and DAPI-Primuline, Fast blue and Nuclear yellow, True blue and Nuclear yellow. In a ... More
Quantitative and neurogenic analysis of the total population and subpopulations of neurons defined by axon projection in the superficial dorsal horn of the rat lumbar spinal cord.
AuthorsBice TN, Beal JA
JournalJ Comp Neurol
PubMed ID9388015
'The total neuron population of the superficial dorsal horn (SDH), i.e., laminae I and II, was quantitated in Nissl preparations of spinal segment L1 in the rat. Subpopulations of the SDH, defined by axon projection, were quantitated following strategic intraspinal injections of dual retrograde tracers (Fluoro-Gold and true blue). These ... More
Differential sensitivities of the two visual pathways of the chick to labelling by fluorescent retrograde tracers.
AuthorsDeng C, Rogers LJ
JournalJ Neurosci Methods
PubMed ID10476686
'This study investigates the neurone structure-specific differences of sensitivities of fluorescent tracers. The tracers were used for retrograde labelling of contralateral projections in the two visual pathways of the chick. Rhodamine B Isothiocyanate (RITC), Fluorogold (FG) and True blue (TB) were injected into either the visual Wulst (thalamofugal pathway) or ... More
Quantitative and neurogenic analysis of neurons with supraspinal projections in the superficial dorsal horn of the rat lumbar spinal cord.
AuthorsBice TN, Beal JA
JournalJ Comp Neurol
PubMed ID9388016
'Dual retrograde axonal tracers, Fluoro-Gold (FG) and true blue (TB), were used in conjunction with [3H]thymidine autoradiography to determine the number and neurogenic pattern of neurons with supraspinal projections in the superficial dorsal horn (SDH), i.e., laminae I and II, in spinal segment L1 of the rat. FG was injected ... More
Absence of callosal collaterals derived from rat corticospinal neurons. A study using fluorescent retrograde tracing and electrophysiological techniques.
AuthorsCatsman-Berrevoets CE, Lemon RN, Verburgh CA, Bentivoglio M, Kuypers HG
JournalExp Brain Res
PubMed ID6156858
'In rat the presence of axon collaterals from corticospinal neurons to the contralateral hemisphere has been investigated by means of anatomical and electrophysiological techniques. Anatomical Experiments. Several combinations of fluorescent retrograde tracers were used. In eight rats injections of Evans Blue, "True Blue", "Fast Blue" or DAPI-Primuline were made in ... More
Collaterals of rubrospinal neurons to the cerebellum in rat. A retrograde fluorescent double labeling study.
AuthorsHuisman AM, Kuypers HG, Condé F, Keizer K
JournalBrain Res
PubMed ID6303500
'In a previous study the collateralization of the rubrospinal tract in the spinal cord of rat, cat and monkey was studied by means of the fluorescent retrograde double labeling technique. In the present study the existence of rubrospinal collaterals to the cerebellar interpositus nucleus (NI) has been studied using the ... More
Fluorescent double-label study of lateral reticular nucleus projections to the spinal cord and periaqueductal gray in the rat.
AuthorsLee HS, Mihailoff GA
JournalAnat Rec
PubMed ID10456990
'Following injections of WGA-HRP into either the spinal cord or periaqueductal gray, labeled neurons were observed bilaterally along the periphery of the lateral reticular nucleus (LRN) magnocellular division. The possibility that some of these neurons in the LRN provide collateral axonal branches to both the periaqueductal gray and the spinal ... More
Evaluation of collateral sprouting after end-to-side nerve coaptation using a fluorescent double-labeling technique.
AuthorsZhang Z, Soucacos PN, Bo J, Beris AE
JournalMicrosurgery
PubMed ID10469443
'The mechanism of end-to-side neurorrhaphy is believed to be by collateral sprouting, although evidence for this is lacking. This study validates whether axonal sprouting originates from the donor intact nerve by collateral sprouting with the use of a fluorescent double-labeling technique. End-to-side neurorrhaphy was performed on adult female Sprague-Dawley rats. ... More
A retrograde tracer strategy using True Blue to label the preganglionic parasympathetic innervation of the abdominal viscera.
AuthorsSterner MR, Fox EA, Powley TL
JournalJ Neurosci Methods
PubMed ID2414608
'A simple and reliable method for labeling the preganglionic neurons which innervate the abdominal viscera is described. Infusion of a True Blue (TB) suspension in several different concentrations directly into the peritoneal cavity consistently labeled the medullary vagal nuclei including the dorsal motor nucleus (DMN), nucleus ambiguus (NA), and retrofacial ... More
Comparison of the efficiencies of true blue and diamidino yellow as retrograde tracers in the peripheral motor system.
AuthorsHaase P, Payne JN
JournalJ Neurosci Methods
PubMed ID2283887
'The abilities of the fluorescent retrograde tracers true blue and diamidino yellow to label motor neurons of the rat sciatic nerve were compared quantitatively. Following injection of a mixture of the 2 tracers into the sciatic nerve, diamidino yellow was found only in double-labelled neurons, while 28% of labelled neurons ... More
Labelling neurons with fluorescent dyes administered via intravenous, subcutaneous or intraperitoneal route.
AuthorsLeong SK, Ling EA
JournalJ Neurosci Methods
PubMed ID2186224
'Fast blue, true blue and fluorogold injected into neonatal and subadult rats via subcutaneous or intraperitoneal route labelled certain forebrain nuclei and the central and peripheral neurons whose axons form the spinal and most cranial nerves. The A1 and A5 noradrenergic neurons, nucleus of the tractus solitarius and some neurons ... More
Labeling of neurons following intravenous injections of fluorescent tracers in mice.
Authorsvan der Krans A, Hoogland PV
JournalJ Neurosci Methods
PubMed ID6645606
'Several fluorescent tracers were injected intravenously in the tail veins of adult mice, and the distribution of these substances in the central nervous system and sensory and autonomic ganglia was investigated. Injections of the blue tracers Granular Blue, True Blue and Fast Blue resulted in labeling of the somatomotor and ... More
Fluorescent compounds as retrograde tracers compared with horseradish peroxidase (HRP). I. A parametric study in the central visual system of the albino rat.
AuthorsAschoff A, Holländer H
JournalJ Neurosci Methods
PubMed ID7144234
Afferent connections of the medial frontal cortex of the rat. A study using retrograde transport of fluorescent dyes. I. Thalamic afferents.
AuthorsCondé F, Audinat E, Maire-Lepoivre E, Crépel F
JournalBrain Res Bull
PubMed ID2337814
'The present study of the medial frontal cortex of the rat was undertaken with two objectives. First, to compare the pattern of afferent thalamic neurons for each of the three subdivisions of the medial frontal cortex: the medial precentral (PrCm), dorsal anterior cingulate (ACd) and prelimbic (PL) areas. Second, to ... More
'The striatal patch and matrix compartment neurons are born at different times during rat development. The majority of the early born neurons preferentially end up in the patch compartment, while the majority of the later born neurons end up in the matrix compartment. Although the cholinergic interneurons are all born ... More
Diamidino yellow dihydrochloride (DY . 2HCl); a new fluorescent retrograde neuronal tracer, which migrates only very slowly out of the cell.
AuthorsKeizer K, Kuypers HG, Huisman AM, Dann O
JournalExp Brain Res
PubMed ID6194004
'Earlier studies showed that Nuclear Yellow (NY), True Blue (TB) and Fast Blue (FB) are transported retrogradely through axons to their parent cell bodies. NY produces a yellow fluorescent labeling of the neuronal nucleus at 360 nm excitation wavelength, while TB and FB produce a blue fluorescence of the cytoplasm ... More
Demonstration of substance P in aortic nerve afferent fibers by combined use of fluorescent retrograde neuronal labeling and immunocytochemistry.
AuthorsHelke CJ, Goldman W, Jacobowitz DM
JournalPeptides
PubMed ID6170960
'Combined use of the intraaxonal retrograde transport of the fluorescent marker ''true blue'' with substance P (SP) immunocytochemistry has been used to trace the nodose ganglion projections of SP-containing neurons of the aortic depressor nerve. It has been found that (1) SP immunoreactive (SP-I) cell bodies are clearly demonstrable in ... More
Neuron/target matching between chorda tympani neurons and taste buds during postnatal rat development.
AuthorsKrimm RF, Hill DL
JournalJ Neurobiol
PubMed ID10756070
'During postnatal development, a relationship is established between the size of individual taste buds and number of innervating neurons. To determine whether rearrangement of neurons that innervate taste buds establishes this relationship, we labeled single taste buds at postnatal day 10 (P10) and again at either P15, P20, or P40 ... More
Transcutaneous access to retrograde axonal flow.
AuthorsCostas PD, Sabin TD, Wang KK, Jones DS, Seckel BR
JournalMuscle Nerve
PubMed ID9533789
'Transcutaneous entry of fluorescent tracer and subsequent retrograde neuronal transport achieved by the use of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a vehicle fluorescent dye dissolved in DMSO and applied topically to the hind limb of rats was found in corresponding dorsal root ganglia; aqueous absorption of tracer dye by neuronal tissue ... More
Double and triple labeling of neurons with fluorescent substances; the study of collateral pathways in the ascending raphe system.
AuthorsDe Olmos J, Heimer L
JournalNeurosci Lett
PubMed ID7052515
'A retrograde labeling procedure utilizing fluorescent substances (Granular Blue, Nuclear Yellow and propidium iodide) was used to establish the presence of branching axons in the ascending raphe system of young rats. After injections in septum, medial thalamus and olfactory cortex, the number of double-labeled cells in various combinations was found ... More
Organization of neuronal clusters in the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus of the rat: fluorescent tracing of temporalis and masseteric primary afferents.
AuthorsRokx JT, van Willigen JD
JournalNeurosci Lett
PubMed ID3362426
'The organization of neuronal clusters in the rat mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus (Mes V) was analysed using fluorescent tracing techniques. Simultaneous injections of fluorescent compounds (True blue and Diamidino yellow) were made unilaterally in the masseter and temporalis muscle, or in the masseteric and temporalis nerve. Examination of labeled neurons in ... More
Afferent connections of the caudal raphe pallidus nucleus in rats: a study using the fluorescent retrograde tracers fluorogold and true-blue.
AuthorsNogueira MI, de Rezende BD, do Vale LE, Bittencourt JC
JournalAnn Anat
PubMed ID10668556
'Afferent connections to the caudal region of the nucleus raphe pallidus (RPa) in rats were studied using fluorogold and true-blue as tracers. Due to its ability to produce limited injection sites, true-blue proved to be more appropriate than fluorogold for studying long distance connections in a narrow structure such as ... More
Bifurcating axons of retinal ganglion cells terminate in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus and the intergeniculate leaflet of the thalamus.
AuthorsPickard GE
JournalNeurosci Lett
PubMed ID4000547
'At least some retinal axons afferent to the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN; a circadian oscillator) bifurcate in the optic chiasm (O.E. Millhouse, Brain Res., 137 (1977) 351-355). The termination site(s) of the axonal branch that continues in the optic tract is unknown. Injection of the fluorescent tracer, True Blue, into ... More
Localization of renal sensory neurons using the fluorescent dye technique.
AuthorsDonovan MK, Wyss JM, Winternitz SR
JournalBrain Res
PubMed ID6824924
The location of cell bodies of renal sensory neurons was studied. Small injections of a fluorescent dye (True Blue or Fast Blue) were placed into either the right or left kidney of male or female rats. Whereas no differences were detected in the labeling patterns of males vs females, right ... More
Simultaneous fluorescent retrograde axonal tracing and immunofluorescent characterization of neurons.
Authorsvan der Kooy D, Steinbusch HW
JournalJ Neurosci Res
PubMed ID6162963
A simple method is described for simultaneously double labeling single neurons with fluorescent retrograde axonal tracers and immunofluorescence using an antibody to serotonin. Caudata-putamen injection of orange fluorescent propidium iodide, in particular, proved effective in retrogradely labeling dorsal raphe cell bodies. These same perikarya could be stained green with the ... More
The origins of the sciatic nerve and changes in neuropeptides after axotomy: a double labelling study using retrograde transport of true blue and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide immunohistochemistry.
AuthorsShehab SA, Atkinson ME, Payne JN
JournalBrain Res
PubMed ID3719366
One month after sciatic nerve section, only dorsal root ganglion cells which take up True blue applied to the cut end of the nerve show vasoactive intestinal polypeptide immunoreactivity. This indicates that VIP expression is only in cells with damaged axons. Motor axons with True blue-positive perikarya in the ventral ... More
Evidence for the collateral innervation of the esophagus and the heart from neurons in the compact formation of the nucleus ambiguus of the rat.
AuthorsCheng SB, Hayakawa T, Kuchiiwa S, Maeda S, Ito H, Seki M, Nakagawa S
JournalBrain Res
PubMed ID10375665
We investigated whether the heart receives collateral projections from the neurons which innervate the esophagus with a retrograde double-labeling method using two fluorescent tracers. Following injections of True Blue (TB) into the esophagus and Diamidino Yellow (DY) into the heart, about 21.9% of the labeled esophageal motoneurons in the compact ... More
Fluoro-Gold's toxicity makes it inferior to True Blue for long-term studies of dorsal root ganglion neurons and motoneurons.
AuthorsGarrett WT, McBride RL, Williams JK, Feringa ER
JournalNeurosci Lett
PubMed ID1922943
We studied the long-term effects of two retrogradely transported fluorescent dyes on survival of dorsal root ganglion neurons (DRGNs) and motoneurons (MNs). In adult female rats, we labeled DRGNs and MNs by soaking the cut sciatic nerve in Fluoro-Gold or True Blue. With True Blue, we found no difference in ... More
Fuorescent retrograde neuronal labeling in rat by means of substances binding specifically to adenine-thymine rich DNA.
AuthorsBentivoglio M, Kuypers HG, Catsman-Berrevoets CE, Dann O
JournalNeurosci Lett
PubMed ID88697
Six fluorescent substances, binding specifically to adenine-thymine rich DNA, were injected in rat caudate-putamen. This resulted in retrograde axonal transport and fluorescent retrograde labeling of neurons in center-medium parafascicular nucleus, substantia nigra and dorsal raphe. Two of these substances, i.e. "True Blue' and 'Granular Blue', give a very striking blue ... More
Arrangement of supramandibular and suprahyoid motoneurons in the rat; a fluorescent tracer study.
AuthorsRokx JT, van Willigen JD
JournalActa Anat (Basel)
PubMed ID4013650
The arrangement of the motoneurons innervating the supramandibular and suprahyoid muscles was studied in Wistar albino rats using two fluorescent tracers: nuclear yellow and true blue. All supramandibular motoneurons were found within the trigeminal motor nucleus; they appeared to be somatotopically arranged. The suprahyoid motoneurons were located in an accessory ... More
Bilateral projections of neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus and nucleus lateralis posterior to the visual cortex in the neonatal rat.
AuthorsLaemle LK, Sharma SC
JournalNeurosci Lett
PubMed ID3005928
The projection from the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and nucleus lateralis posterior (LP) to the visual cortex was examined in rat pups 3-7 days of age using the fluorescent tracers True Blue, Fast Blue and Nuclear Yellow. Our data provide the first evidence that (1) these projections are bilateral, (2) ... More
Collateral branching innervation of rat molar teeth from trigeminal ganglion cells shown by double labelling with fluorescent retrograde tracers.
AuthorsAtkinson ME, Kenyon C
JournalBrain Res
PubMed ID2306620
Somatotopic projections of each maxillary molar tooth were defined by injecting individual teeth with True blue and plotting the location of fluorescent cells in sections of the trigeminal ganglia. Collateral branching was investigated by injecting True blue and Diamidino yellow into pairs of maxillary molar teeth and examining the ganglia ... More
Innervation of facial skin but not masticatory muscles or the tongue by trigeminal primary afferents containing somatostatin in the rat.
AuthorsOsitelu DO, Morris R, Vaillant C
JournalNeurosci Lett
PubMed ID2888061
Using retrograde transport of a fluorescent dye, True blue, the peripheral tissues innervated by trigeminal ganglion neurones containing somatostatin have been investigated. Of ganglion neurones retrogradely labelled from injections of dye into the facial skin, 3.45% were found to be immunoreactive for somatostatin. In contrast, none of the neurones labelled ... More
Convergence of sensory processes from the heart and left ulnar nerve onto a single afferent perikaryon: a neuroanatomical study in the rat employing fluorescent tracers.
AuthorsMcNeill DL, Burden HW
JournalAnat Rec
PubMed ID3706787
After injection of true blue (TB) into the pericardial sac and nuclear yellow (NY) into the left ulnar nerve of rats, most perikarya in the left eighth cervical and first thoracic dorsal root ganglia are single-labeled with either TB or NY. However, 7.1-14.7% of the sensory perikarya from the cardiac ... More
Collateral projections of neurons of the rat globus pallidus to the striatum and substantia nigra.
AuthorsStaines WA, Fibiger HC
JournalExp Brain Res
PubMed ID6479259
Double retrograde fluorescent tracing techniques were used to evaluate the possibility that ascending and descending projections from the globus pallidus arise from divergent axon collaterals. Appropriately placed injections of different tracers (True Blue, Nuclear Yellow) into the substantia nigra and the striatum resulted in the double labelling of neurons in ... More
Fluorescent latex microspheres as a retrograde tracer in the peripheral nervous system.
AuthorsColin W, Donoff RB, Foote WE
JournalBrain Res
PubMed ID2659138
Rhodamine labeled latex microspheres were used as a fluorescent retrograde tracer in the peripheral nervous system. Examination of rabbit trigeminal ganglia following application of microspheres to crushed or intact inferior alveolar nerve revealed that: (1) microspheres were taken up by only damaged axons; (2) microspheres remained in trigeminal cell bodies ... More
Location of motoneurons and internuclear neurons within the rat abducens nucleus by means of horseradish peroxidase and fluorescent double labeling.
AuthorsCabrera B, Portillo F, Pásaro R, Delgado-García JM
JournalNeurosci Lett
PubMed ID3380329
The distribution of abducens motoneurons and internuclear neurons was determined in the rat by injections of horseradish peroxidase or fluorochromes into the ipsilateral lateral rectus muscle and the contralateral oculomotor nucleus either separately or simultaneously. The labeled somata of abducens internuclear neurons were intermingled with the labeled motoneurons at the ... More
Characterisation of afferent projections to the nucleus ambiguus of the rat by means of fluorescent double labelling.
AuthorsNúñez-Abades PA, Portillo F, Pásaro R
JournalJ Anat
PubMed ID2272895
The rat nucleus ambiguus (Amb nucleus) is composed mainly of laryngeal and pharyngeal motoneurons, and can be differentiated into three main subdivisions with respect to the morphology, distribution and physiological function of their neurons. The medial parabrachial and Kölliker-Fuse nuclei (MPB/KF), and the lateral nucleus of the solitary tract (SolL) ... More
Efficacy of fluorescent tracers in retrograde labeling of cutaneous afferent neurons in the rat.
AuthorsZele T, Sketelj J, Bajrovic FF,
JournalJ Neurosci Methods
PubMed ID20600316
BACKGROUND: In the present study, the labeling efficacy of tracers Fluoro-ruby (FR), Fluoro-emerald (FE), True Blue (TB), Fluoro-Gold (FG), Diamidino Yellow (DY) and 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI) to retrogradely label the cutaneous afferent neurons in the rat was examined. METHODS: The proximal stump of the transected sural nerve was exposed for ... More
Double retrograde neuronal labeling through divergent axon collaterals, using two fluorescent tracers with the same excitation wavelength which label different features of the cell.
AuthorsKuypers HG, Bentivoglio M, Catsman-Berrevoets CE, Bharos AT
JournalExp Brain Res
PubMed ID6160043
Recent studies show that several fluorescent substances are transported retrogradely through axons to their parent cell bodies and label in different colors different features of the cell at the same 360 nm excitation wavelength. Thus, Bisbenzimide (Bb) and "Nuclear Yellow" (NY; Hoechst S 769121) produce green and golden-yellow retrograde labeling ... More
Central origins of preganglionic fibers to the sphenopalatine ganglion in the rat. A fluorescent retrograde tracer study with special reference to its relation to central catecholaminergic systems.
AuthorsSuzuki N, Hardebo JE, Skagerberg G, Owman C
JournalJ Auton Nerv Syst
PubMed ID2370417
The brainstem origin of preganglionic fibers to the sphenopalatine ganglion in rat was revealed by the aid of the retrograde axonal tracer True Blue (which does not traverse to a second order neuron) applied deep in the sphenopalatine ganglion or the Vidian nerve on one side. The majority of fibers ... More
Projections of the rat trigeminal sensory nuclear complex demonstrated by multiple fluorescent dye retrograde transport.
AuthorsSilverman JD, Kruger L
JournalBrain Res
PubMed ID2417663
The fluorescent dyes True Blue, Fast Blue, Nuclear Yellow and SITS were used to examine the connections of the rat brainstem sensory trigeminal nuclear complex (nV). Particular attention was paid to the following questions: do individual trigeminal neurons project to multiple targets via axon collaterals; and do primary afferent inputs ... More
Organization of intratelencephalic projections to the visual Wulst of the chick.
AuthorsDeng C, Rogers LJ
JournalBrain Res
PubMed ID10677622
The avian visual Wulst, said to be the equivalent of the striate cortex in mammals, is the telencephalic visual area of the thalamofugal visual pathway. In this study, by means of retrograde labelling with fluorescent tracers injected into the Wulst regions in the left and right hemispheres, we have investigated ... More
Orthograde axonal and transcellular transport of different fluorescent tracers in the primary visual system of the rat.
AuthorsWeidner C, Miceli D, Repérant J
JournalBrain Res
PubMed ID6193833
The differential labeling properties of various fluorescent tracers injected intraocularly were investigated using as a model the rat primary visual system. All of the tracers tested (Fast Blue, FB; True Blue, TB; Nuclear Yellow, NY; bisbenzimide, BB; Evans Blue, EB; propidium iodide, PI) produced a retrograde neuronal labeling of oculomotor ... More
A study of overlap and collateralization of bulbar reticular and raphe neurons which project to the spinal cord and diencephalon of the North American opossum.
AuthorsMartin GF, Waltzer RP
JournalBrain Behav Evol
PubMed ID6205718
Labeled neurons were found in most reticular and raphe nuclei of the opossum's medulla after horseradish peroxidase (HRP) injections into either the spinal cord or diencephalon. The labeling produced by spinal injections differed somewhat from that produced by diencephalic ones, but HRP-positive neurons were found in what appeared to be ... More
Noncollateral projections of basal forebrain neurons to frontal and parietal neocortex in primates.
AuthorsWalker LC, Kitt CA, DeLong MR, Price DL
JournalBrain Res Bull
PubMed ID2413969
To test the hypothesis that axons of the basal forebrain cholinergic system collateralize to innervate widely separated areas of cortex, two distinct, retrogradely transported fluorescent dyes were injected into discrete neocortical regions of three macaques. In two monkeys, True Blue was injected into parietal cortex and Nuclear Yellow into frontal ... More
Further studies on the use of the fluorescent retrograde tracer True Blue in combination with monoamine histochemistry.
AuthorsSkagerberg G, Björklund A, Lindvall O
JournalJ Neurosci Methods
PubMed ID4033187
Some basic methodological aspects on the use of the retrograde fluorescent tracer True Blue (TB) was studied in freeze-dried material in the rat CNS. On the basis of fluorescence morphology and intensity at different filter settings it was possible to objectively delineate 3 distinct zones of the TB injection site, ... More
A sequential double labeling technique for studying changes in motoneuronal projections to muscle following nerve injury and reinnervation.
AuthorsKatada A, Vos JD, Swelstad BB, Zealear DL
JournalJ Neurosci Methods
PubMed ID16753219
The purpose of this study was to develop an anatomical technique that could directly demonstrate the motoneuron projections to the muscle both before injury and again following reinnervation. Investigation focused on the identification of a long-term retrograde fluorescent tracer that would label original motoneurons and persist long enough for reinnervating ... More
Demonstration of the potential for chronically injured neurons to regenerate axons into intraspinal peripheral nerve grafts.
AuthorsHoule JD
JournalExp Neurol
PubMed ID2044676
Experiments were carried out to determine if neurons damaged by injury to the spinal cord retain the ability to regenerate their axonal process for a prolonged period of time after the initial response to injury and if peripheral nerve (PN) grafts could support the regrowth of these processes. True blue ... More
The mouse mutation reeler causes increased adhesion within a subpopulation of early postmitotic cortical neurons.
AuthorsHoffarth RM, Johnston JG, Krushel LA, van der Kooy D
JournalJ Neurosci
PubMed ID7623115
Early postmitotic cortical neurons are mostly corticofugal projection neurons that take up positions in deep cortical laminae. Later postmitotic neurons are preferentially localized to superficial cortical laminae. In reeler mutant mice it appears that cortical laminar positions with respect to birthdate are reversed (Caviness, 1982). In a reanalysis of reeler ... More
Branching neurons in the cervical spinal cord: a retrograde fluorescent double-labeling study in the rat.
AuthorsVerburgh CA, Kuypers HG
JournalExp Brain Res
PubMed ID3691727
Branching neurons giving rise to ascending and descending collaterals were studied in the cervical spinal cord of the rat. After unilateral injection of two retrograde fluorescent tracers, i.e. DY.2HCl at T2 or more caudal levels and TB at C1 or more rostral levels, many DY-TB double-labeled neurons were found in ... More
Composition and central projections of the pudendal nerve in the rat investigated by combined peptide immunocytochemistry and retrograde fluorescent labelling.
AuthorsKatagiri T, Gibson SJ, Su HC, Polak JM
JournalBrain Res
PubMed ID2871902
The central distribution of the afferent and efferent projections of pelvic striated muscles, the pudendal and sciatic nerves, were systemically investigated in rats by retrograde tracing techniques combined with immunocytochemistry using antibodies to 9 neuropeptides. True Blue was injected into either the pelvic muscles, pudendal or sciatic nerves. Seven days ... More
Distribution and origin of nerve fibers in the rat temporomandibular joint capsule.
AuthorsUddman R, Grunditz T, Kato J, Sundler F
JournalAnat Embryol (Berl)
PubMed ID9565320
The distribution and origin of nerve fibers containing neuropeptides and NOS projecting to the temporomandibular joint capsule (TMJ) of the rat were studied by retrograde tracing in combination with immunocytochemistry. Numerous nerve fibers were seen in the TMJ as revealed by the neuronal marker protein gene product 9.5. Nerve fibers ... More
NGF facilitates the developmental maturation of the previously committed cholinergic interneurons in the striatal matrix.
AuthorsVan Vulpen EH, Van Der Kooy D
JournalJ Comp Neurol
PubMed ID10404109
Although all of the cholinergic interneurons of the striatum are generated early in development, the maturation of these neurons depends on striatal compartmental localization. The majority of the cholinergic neurons in the patches turn on choline acetyltransferase (CHAT) embryonically, whereas the majority of cholinergic neurons in the matrix turn on ... More
Injured neurons in the olfactory bulb of the adult rat grow axons along grafts of peripheral nerve.
AuthorsFriedman B, Aguayo AJ
JournalJ Neurosci
PubMed ID4009250
Certain neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) of adult mammals extend axons for several cm along peripheral nerve grafts inserted into the brain or spinal cord. It is not clear, however, if these nerve cells constitute a special population or are examples of a general capacity of the injured ... More
Biophysical properties and responses to glutamate receptor agonists of identified subpopulations of rat geniculate ganglion neurons.
AuthorsKing MS, Bradley RM
JournalBrain Res
PubMed ID10825499
The goal of the current study was to evaluate the electrophysiological properties and responses to glutamate receptor agonists of rat geniculate ganglion (GG) neurons innervating the tongue. Subpopulations of GG neurons were labeled by injecting Fluoro-Gold (FG) or True Blue chloride into the anterior tongue and soft palate (AT and ... More
Survival of chronically-injured neurons can be prolonged by treatment with neurotrophic factors.
AuthorsHoule JD, Ye JH
JournalNeuroscience
PubMed ID10579585
Axonal regeneration by chronically-injured supraspinal neurons can be enhanced by neurotrophic factor treatment at the site of injury, although the number of regenerating neurons decreases as the interval between spinal cord injury and treatment increases. This study investigated whether this decline in regenerative response could be due to continued loss ... More
Features of apparent nonchemiosmotic energization of oxidative phosphorylation by alkaliphilic Bacillus firmus OF4.
AuthorsGuffanti AA, Krulwich TA
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID1577797
Oxidative phosphorylation by extremely alkaliphilic Bacillus species violates two major predictions of the chemiosmotic hypothesis: the magnitude of the chemiosmotic driving force, the delta p (electrochemical proton gradient), is too low to account for the phosphorylation potentials observed during growth at pH 10.5 without using a much higher H+/ATP stoichiometry ... More
Efferent projections of the suprachiasmatic nucleus: II. Studies using retrograde transport of fluorescent dyes and simultaneous peptide immunohistochemistry in the rat.
AuthorsWatts AG, Swanson LW
JournalJ Comp Neurol
PubMed ID2438309
In a previous study (Watts et al., '87) we reexamined the projections of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCh) with the PHA-L method and found that they could be divided conveniently into six groups of fibers. By far the densest projection ends just dorsal to the SCh in a comma-shaped region designated ... More
The organization of the ipsi- and contralateral claustrocortical system in rat with notes on the bilateral claustrocortical projections in cat.
AuthorsMinciacchi D, Molinari M, Bentivoglio M, Macchi G
JournalNeuroscience
PubMed ID4094690
The organization of the claustrocortical system was investigated in rat by means of cortical injections of either lectin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase or retrograde fluorescent tracers. The latter were also employed in cat. Evans Blue, Fast Blue, True Blue, Nuclear Yellow and Diamidino Yellow were used in different combinations and were injected, ... More
The collateral origin of a transient cerebrocerebellar pathway in kittens. A study using fluorescent double-labeling techniques.
AuthorsPanneton WM, Tolbert DL
JournalBrain Res
PubMed ID6467015
A transient pathway from the sensorimotor neocortex to the cerebellum recently has been described in the kitten which appears late in the first postnatal week, develops maximally at days 9 and 10 and then gradually disappears. The transience of this pathway has been investigated in the present study using the ... More
The projections from the parafascicular thalamic nucleus to the subthalamic nucleus and the striatum arise from separate neuronal populations: a comparison with the corticostriatal and corticosubthalamic efferents in a retrograde fluorescent double-labelling study.
AuthorsFéger J, Bevan M, Crossman AR
JournalNeuroscience
PubMed ID8052406
The parafascicular thalamic nucleus projects to the subthalamic nucleus and the striatum. Double-retrograde fluorescent tracing was used to determine whether these projections arise from the same neurons via axon collaterals. True Blue was injected into the subthalamic nucleus and Nuclear Yellow was injected into the striatum of each rat and ... More
Visceral targets specify calcitonin gene-related peptide and substance P enrichment in trigeminal afferent projections.
AuthorsHorgan K, van der Kooy D
JournalJ Neurosci
PubMed ID1372931
Rat trigeminal ganglion projections to a visceral target (intracranial blood vessels) are enriched in calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P (Sub P) compared to trigeminal ganglion projections to a cutaneous target (the forehead skin). We asked if transplants of a novel visceral target (fetal stomach antrum tissue) into the ... More
Collateral branches of cerebellopontine axons reach the thalamus, superior colliculus, or inferior olive: a double-fluorescence and combined fluorescence-horseradish peroxidase study in the rat.
AuthorsLee HS, Kosinski RJ, Mihailoff GA
JournalNeuroscience
PubMed ID2469035
Retrograde double-labeling methods that used two different fluorescent dyes or a fluorescent dye in combination with wheat germ agglutinin horseradish peroxidase were used in the rat to study the collateralization of cerebellopontine fibers to the thalamus, the superior colliculus, or the inferior olive. In cases with combined basilar pontine nuclei ... More
Fluorescent compounds as retrograde tracers compared with horseradish peroxidase (HRP). II. A parametric study in the peripheral motor system of the cat.
AuthorsIllert M, Fritz N, Aschoff A, Holländer H
JournalJ Neurosci Methods
PubMed ID6183536
Fluorescent compounds which are currently used as retrograde tracers were tested in the cat peripheral motor system and compared with horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The tracers were either injected into forelimb muscles or applied to the proximal end of transected forelimb nerves. The remaining muscles of the limb has been carefully ... More
Fluoro-Gold: composition, and mechanism of uptake.
AuthorsWessendorf MW
JournalBrain Res
PubMed ID1933270
Determining the mechanism by which fluorescent retrograde neuronal tracers are taken up requires knowledge of their composition. It has been claimed that Fluoro-Gold, a retrogradely transported fluorescent neuronal tracer, is 2-hydroxy-4,4'-diamidinostilbene (hydroxystilbamidine), an amidine antibiotic. However, this appears questionable, since the fluorescence spectrograms reported for Fluoro-Gold differ markedly from the ... More
Treatment of the chronically injured spinal cord with neurotrophic factors can promote axonal regeneration from supraspinal neurons.
AuthorsYe JH, Houle JD
JournalExp Neurol
PubMed ID9000447
Axonal regeneration has been demonstrated by supraspinal neurons long after a spinal cord injury, although this potential seems limited to a few neurons in specific nuclear groups. Whether the regenerative response could be enhanced by exposure to neurotrophic factors was examined in this study. Neurons injured during a cervical spinal ... More
Cholinergic, nitric oxidergic innervation in cerebral arteries of the cat.
AuthorsKimura T, Yu JG, Edvinsson L, Lee TJ
JournalBrain Res
PubMed ID9409712
Using immunoperoxidase labeling (IPL) and immunofluorescence labeling (IFL) methods, and each followed by NADPH diaphorase (NADPHd) histochemical staining in the same specimen, colocalization of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and NADPHd, indicative of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), in cerebral pial arteries and the sphenopalatine ganglia (SPG) of the cat was examined. In ... More