Long-term staining of live Merkel cells with FM dyes.
AuthorsFukuda J, Ishimine H, Masaki Y
JournalCell Tissue Res
PubMed ID12658440
'Live Merkel cells in the skin and hair follicles are known to incorporate a fluorescence dye, quinacrine, which has been utilized to identify and dissect the cells for experiments. Quinacrine fluorescence of the cells is, however, quickly lost and quinacrine-stained Merkel cells soon become difficult to identify in tissue culture. ... More
The timing of synaptic vesicle endocytosis.
AuthorsRyan TA, Smith SJ, Reuter H
JournalProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
PubMed ID8643616
'Alternative models to describe the endocytosis phase of synaptic vesicle recycling are associated with time scales of vesicle recovery ranging from milliseconds to tens of seconds. There have been suggestions that one of the major models, envisioned as a slow process that occurs only after complete fusion of the vesicle ... More
Monitoring secretory membrane with FM1-43 fluorescence.
AuthorsCochilla AJ, Angleson JK, Betz WJ
JournalAnnu Rev Neurosci
PubMed ID10202529
'FM1-43 and similar styryl dyes have proven useful as probes for membrane trafficking because they reversibly stain membranes, are impermeable to membranes, and are more fluorescent when bound to membranes than when in solution. Because these dyes stain membranes in an activity-dependent manner, they are ideal for studies of neurotransmitter ... More
Imaging exocytosis and endocytosis.
AuthorsBetz WJ, Mao F, Smith CB
JournalCurr Opin Neurobiol
PubMed ID8794083
From the secretion of neurotransmitters via synaptic vesicles to the expulsion of cellular waste via contractile vacuoles, exocytosis and its sequel, endocytosis, are being explored with a variety of new optical tools. Fluorescent markers, especially styryl dyes such as FM1-43 (which reversibly labels endosomal membranes), have been used to follow ... More
Kinetics and regulation of fast endocytosis at hippocampal synapses.
AuthorsKlingauf J, Kavalali ET, Tsien RW
JournalNature
PubMed ID9707119
Presynaptic nerve terminals often contain as few as a hundred vesicles and so must recycle them soon after exocytosis to preserve synaptic transmission and presynaptic morphology during repetitive firing. The kinetics and mechanisms of vesicular endocytosis and repriming have therefore been studied. Vesicles in hippocampal nerve terminals can become available ... More
Characterization of rapid membrane internalization and recycling.
AuthorsHao M, Maxfield FR
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID10809763
Lipids and other membrane constituents recycle between the plasma membrane and intracellular endocytic compartments. In CHO cells, approximately half of the internalized C(6)-NBD-SM, a fluorescent lipid analogue widely used as a membrane maker, recycles via the endocytic recycling compartment with a t(12) of approximately 12 min (Mayor, S., Presley, J. ... More
Crayfish medial giant axons (MGAs) transected in physiological saline form vesicles which interact with each other, pre-existing vesicles, and/or with the plasmalemma to form an electrical and a physical barrier that seals a cut axonal end within 60 min. The formation of this barrier (seal) was assessed by measuring the ... More