The cohesion protein ORD is required for homologue bias during meiotic recombination.
AuthorsWebber HA, Howard L, Bickel SE
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID15007062
'During meiosis, sister chromatid cohesion is required for normal levels of homologous recombination, although how cohesion regulates exchange is not understood. Null mutations in orientation disruptor (ord) ablate arm and centromeric cohesion during Drosophila meiosis and severely reduce homologous crossovers in mutant oocytes. We show that ORD protein localizes along ... More
Exocytosis of IgG as mediated by the receptor, FcRn: an analysis at the single-molecule level.
AuthorsOber RJ, Martinez C, Lai X, Zhou J, Ward ES
JournalProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
PubMed ID15258288
'IgG transport within and across cells is essential for effective humoral immunity. Through a combination of biochemical and in vivo analyses, the MHC class I-related neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) is known to play a central role in delivering IgGs within and across cells. However, little is known about the molecular ... More
Practical confocal microscopy and the evaluation of system performance.
AuthorsZucker RM, Price OT
JournalMethods
PubMed ID10491274
'The laser scanning confocal microscope has enormous potential in many fields of biology. Currently there is a subjective nature in the assessment of a confocal microscope''s performance by primarily evaluating the system with a specific test slide provided by the user''s laboratory. To achieve better performance from the equipment, it ... More
AuthorsPuri N, Kruhlak MJ, Whiteheart SW, Roche PA
JournalJ Immunol
PubMed ID14607937
'Mast cells possess specialized granules that, upon stimulation of surface FcR with IgE, fuse with the plasma membrane, thereby releasing inflammatory mediators. A family of membrane fusion proteins called SNAREs, which are present on both the granule and the plasma membrane, plays a role in the fusion of these granules ... More
Cytogenetic evidence for asexual evolution of bdelloid rotifers.
AuthorsMark Welch JL, Mark Welch DB, Meselson M
JournalProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
PubMed ID14747655
DNA sequencing has shown individual bdelloid rotifer genomes to contain two or more diverged copies of every gene examined and has revealed no closely similar copies. These and other findings are consistent with long-term asexual evolution of bdelloids. It is not entirely ruled out, however, that bdelloid genomes consist of ... More
The mitotic DNA damage checkpoint proteins Rad17 and Rad24 are required for repair of double-strand breaks during meiosis in yeast.
AuthorsShinohara M, Sakai K, Ogawa T, Shinohara A
JournalGenetics
PubMed ID12871899
We show here that deletion of the DNA damage checkpoint genes RAD17 and RAD24 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae delays repair of meiotic double-strand breaks (DSBs) and results in an altered ratio of crossover-to-noncrossover products. These mutations also decrease the colocalization of immunostaining foci of the RecA homologs Rad51 and Dmc1 and ... More
Determinants of liposome fusion mediated by synaptic SNARE proteins.
AuthorsSchuette CG, Hatsuzawa K, Margittai M, Stein A, Riedel D, Küster P, König M, Seidel C, Jahn R
JournalProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
PubMed ID14981239
Synaptic exocytosis requires the soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) proteins syntaxin 1, SNAP-25, and synaptobrevin (VAMP). Assembly of the SNAREs into a stable core complex is supposed to catalyze membrane fusion, and proteoliposomes reconstituted with synaptic SNARE proteins spontaneously fuse with each other. We now show that liposome ... More
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae spindle pole body is a dynamic structure.
AuthorsYoder TJ, Pearson CG, Bloom K, Davis TN
JournalMol Biol Cell
PubMed ID12925780
During spindle pole body (SPB) duplication, the new SPB is assembled at a distinct site adjacent to the old SPB. Using quantitative fluorescence methods, we studied the assembly and dynamics of the core structural SPB component Spc110p. The SPB core exhibits both exchange and growth in a cell cycle-dependent manner. ... More
Localization of a putative transcriptional regulator (ATRX) at pericentromeric heterochromatin and the short arms of acrocentric chromosomes.
ATRX is a member of the SNF2 family of helicase/ATPases that is thought to regulate gene expression via an effect on chromatin structure and/or function. Mutations in the hATRX gene cause severe syndromal mental retardation associated with alpha-thalassemia. Using indirect immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy we have shown that ATRX protein ... More
Epitope-dependent localization of estrogen receptor-alpha, but not -beta, in en face arterial endothelium.
AuthorsDan P, Cheung JC, Scriven DR, Moore ED
JournalAm J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol
PubMed ID12531733
Rapid, nongenomic effects of 17 beta-estradiol (E(2)) in endothelial cells are postulated to arise from membrane-associated estrogen receptors (ERs), which have not been visualized in vascular tissue. To identify membrane ERs, we used multiple site-directed ER alpha or ER beta antibodies to label en face rat cerebral and coronary arterial ... More
Meiotic cohesion requires accumulation of ORD on chromosomes before condensation.
AuthorsBalicky EM, Endres MW, Lai C, Bickel SE
JournalMol Biol Cell
PubMed ID12429833
Cohesion between sister chromatids is a prerequisite for accurate chromosome segregation during mitosis and meiosis. To allow chromosome condensation during prophase, the connections that hold sister chromatids together must be maintained but still permit extensive chromatin compaction. In Drosophila, null mutations in the orientation disruptor (ord) gene lead to meiotic ... More
Site of docking and fusion of insulin secretory granules in live MIN6 beta cells analyzed by TAT-conjugated anti-syntaxin 1 antibody and total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy.
AuthorsOhara-Imaizumi M, Nishiwaki C, Kikuta T, Kumakura K, Nakamichi Y, Nagamatsu S
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID14676208
To determine the site of insulin exocytosis in the pancreatic beta cell plasma membrane, we analyzed the interaction between the docking/fusion of green fluorescent protein-tagged insulin granules and syntaxin 1 labeled by TAT-conjugated Cy3-labeled antibody (Ab) using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM). Monoclonal Ab against syntaxin 1 was labeled ... More
Specific localization of serine 19 phosphorylated myosin II during cell locomotion and mitosis of cultured cells.
AuthorsMatsumura F, Ono S, Yamakita Y, Totsukawa G, Yamashiro S
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID9425160
Phosphorylation of the regulatory light chain of myosin II (RMLC) at Serine 19 by a specific enzyme, MLC kinase, is believed to control the contractility of actomyosin in smooth muscle and vertebrate nonmuscle cells. To examine how such phosphorylation is regulated in space and time within cells during coordinated cell ... More
Live Simultaneous Monitoring of Mineral Deposition and Lipid Accumulation in Differentiating Stem Cells.
AuthorsDe Melo N, McGinlay S, Markus R, Macri-Pellizzeri L, Symonds ME, Ahmed I, Sottile V
JournalBiomimetics (Basel)
PubMed ID31295946
'Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are progenitors for bone-forming osteoblasts and lipid-storing adipocytes, two major lineages co-existing in bone marrow. When isolated in vitro, these stem cells recapitulate osteoblast or adipocyte formation if treated with specialised media, modelling how these lineages interact in vivo. Osteogenic differentiation is characterised by mineral deposits ... More
Tau oligomers mediate aggregation of RNA-binding proteins Musashi1 and Musashi2 inducing Lamin alteration.
AuthorsMontalbano M, McAllen S, Sengupta U, Puangmalai N, Bhatt N, Ellsworth A, Kayed R
JournalAging Cell
PubMed ID31532069
The exact mechanisms leading to neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other tauopathies are not yet entirely understood. However, it is known that several RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) form toxic aggregates and also interact with tau in such granules in tauopathies, including AD. The Musashi (MSI) family of RBPs, consisting of ... More