'The notion that microdomains enriched in certain specialized lipids exist in membranes has been both attractive and controversial since it was first proposed that such domains, termed rafts, might act as apical sorting devices in epithelial cells. The observation that certain lipids are not extractable in cold nonionic detergent supports ... More
Functions of lipid rafts in biological membranes.
AuthorsBrown DA, London E
JournalAnnu Rev Cell Dev Biol
PubMed ID9891780
'Recent studies showing that detergent-resistant membrane fragments can be isolated from cells suggest that biological membranes are not always in a liquid-crystalline phase. Instead, sphingolipid and cholesterol-rich membranes such as plasma membranes appear to exist, at least partially, in the liquid-ordered phase or a phase with similar properties. Sphingolipid and ... More
Lipid rafts make for slippery platforms.
AuthorsLai EC
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID12885764
What's in a raft? Although cell membranes are certainly not homogeneous mixtures of lipids and proteins, almost all aspects of lipid rafts-how to define them, their size, composition, lifetime, and biological relevance-remain controversial. The answers will shape our views of signaling and of membrane dynamics. ... More
Lipid rafts and little caves. Compartmentalized signalling in membrane microdomains.
AuthorsZajchowski LD, Robbins SM
JournalEur J Biochem
PubMed ID11846775
Lipid rafts are liquid-ordered membrane microdomains with a unique protein and lipid composition found on the plasma membrane of most, if not all, mammalian cells. A large number of signalling molecules are concentrated within rafts, which have been proposed to function as signalling centres capable of facilitating efficient and specific ... More
Elevated NADPH oxidase activity contributes to oxidative stress and cell death in Huntington's disease.
AuthorsValencia A, Sapp E, Kimm JS, McClory H, Reeves PB, Alexander J, Ansong KA, Masso N, Frosch MP, Kegel KB, Li X, DiFiglia M,
JournalHum Mol Genet
PubMed ID23223017
A mutation in the huntingtin (Htt) gene produces mutant Htt and Huntington's disease (HD), a neurodegenerative disorder. HD patients have oxidative damage in the brain, but the causes are unclear. Compared with controls, we found brain levels of NADPH oxidase (NOX) activity, which produces reactive oxygen species (ROS), elevated in ... More
AuthorsKultti A, Rilla K, Tiihonen R, Spicer AP, Tammi RH, Tammi MI
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID16595683
Hyaluronan synthases (HASs) are plasma membrane enzymes that simultaneously elongate, bind, and extrude the growing hyaluronan chain directly into extracellular space. In cells transfected with green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged Has3, the dorsal surface was decorated by up to 150 slender, 3-20-microm-long microvillus-type plasma membrane protrusions, which also contained filamentous actin, ... More
MHC class II-peptide complexes and APC lipid rafts accumulate at the immunological synapse.
AuthorsHiltbold EM, Poloso NJ, Roche PA
JournalJ Immunol
PubMed ID12538693
Activation of CD4(+) Th cells requires their cognate interaction with APCs bearing specific relevant MHC class II-peptide complexes. This cognate interaction culminates in the formation of an immunological synapse that contains the various proteins and lipids required for efficient T cell activation. We now show that APC lipid raft membrane ... More
Lipid rafts: bringing order to chaos.
AuthorsPike LJ
JournalJ Lipid Res
PubMed ID12562849
Lipid rafts are subdomains of the plasma membrane that contain high concentrations of cholesterol and glycosphingolipids. They exist as distinct liquid-ordered regions of the membrane that are resistant to extraction with nonionic detergents. Rafts appear to be small in size, but may constitute a relatively large fraction of the plasma ... More
Detergent-insoluble glycosphingolipid/cholesterol-rich membrane domains, lipid rafts and caveolae (review).
AuthorsHooper NM
JournalMol Membr Biol
PubMed ID10417979
Within the cell membrane glycosphingolipids and cholesterol cluster together in distinct domains or lipid rafts, along with glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins in the outer leaflet and acylated proteins in the inner leaflet of the bilayer. These lipid rafts are characterized by insolubility in detergents such as Triton X-100 at 4 degrees ... More
MicroRNA-33 Controls Adaptive Fibrotic Response in the Remodeling Heart by Preserving Lipid Raft Cholesterol.
Authors
JournalCirc Res
PubMed ID27920122
Francisella targets cholesterol-rich host cell membrane domains for entry into macrophages.