Enzymatic isolation and characterization of single vascular smooth muscle cells from cremasteric arterioles.
AuthorsJackson WF,Huebner JM,Rusch NJ
JournalMicrocirculation (New York, N.Y. : 1994)
PubMed ID9110282
OBJECTIVE: The goal of the present study was to develop a method to isolate viable arteriolar muscle cells from single cremasteric arterioles, which retain the contractile and electrophysiological phenotype of the donor microvessels. METHODS: Arterioles were hand-dissected from rat and hamster cremaster muscles and dissociated by incubation in papain and ... More
Enzymatic isolation and characterization of single vascular smooth muscle cells from cremasteric arterioles.
AuthorsJackson WF,Huebner JM,Rusch NJ
JournalMicrocirculation (New York, N.Y. : 1994)
PubMed ID8930888
OBJECTIVE: The goal of the present study was to develop a method to isolate enzymatically viable arteriolar muscle cells from single cremasteric arterioles, which retain the contractile and electrophysiological phenotype of the donor microvessels. METHODS: Arterioles were hand-dissected from rat and hamster cremaster muscles and dissociated by incubation in papain ... More
Calcein: a novel marker for lymphocytes which enter lymph nodes.
AuthorsWeston SA, Parish CR
JournalCytometry
PubMed ID1451604
Previous studies have identified unique cell surface antigens which are associated with the specific binding of lymphocytes to high endothelial venules (HEV). Evidence is presented in this paper which demonstrates that uptake of the fluorescent dye calcein by lymphocytes represents an additional marker for the lymph node homing subpopulation of ... More
Successful storage of peripheral nerve before transplantation using green tea polyphenol: an experimental study in rats.
Green tea polyphenol is known to act as a buffer, reducing biological responses to oxidative stress. Several effects of polyphenol have been reported, such as protection of tissue from ischemia, antineoplasmic and anti-inflammatory effects, and suppression of arteriosclerosis. In this study, we investigated whether peripheral nerve segments could be kept ... More
Human stem cell delivery for treatment of large segmental bone defects.
AuthorsDupont KM, Sharma K, Stevens HY, Boerckel JD, García AJ, Guldberg RE,
JournalProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
PubMed ID20133731
'Local or systemic stem cell delivery has the potential to promote repair of a variety of damaged or degenerated tissues. Although various stem cell sources have been investigated for bone repair, few comparative reports exist, and cellular distribution and viability postimplantation remain key issues. In this study, we quantified the ... More
Indirubin enhances tumor necrosis factor-induced apoptosis through modulation of nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway.
AuthorsSethi G, Ahn KS, Sandur SK, Lin X, Chaturvedi MM, Aggarwal BB
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID16785236
'Although indirubin is known to exhibit anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities, very little is known about its mechanism of action. In this study, we investigated whether indirubin mediates its effects through interference with the NF-kappaB pathway. As examined by the DNA binding of NF-kappaB, we found that indirubin suppressed tumor necrosis ... More
A small-molecule approach to studying invasive mechanisms of Toxoplasma gondii.
AuthorsCarey KL, Westwood NJ, Mitchison TJ, Ward GE
JournalProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
PubMed ID15123807
'Toxoplasma gondii is the most common protozoan parasite of humans. Infection with T. gondii can lead to life-threatening disease as a result of repeated cycles of host cell invasion, parasite replication, and host cell lysis. Relatively little is known about the invasive mechanisms of T. gondii and related parasites within ... More
The apoptotic regulatory protein ARC (apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain) prevents oxidant stress-mediated cell death by preserving mitochondrial function.
Authors Neuss M; Monticone R; Lundberg M S; Chesley A T; Fleck E; Crow M T;
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID11438535
'ARC is an apoptotic regulatory protein expressed almost exclusively in myogenic cells. It contains a caspase recruitment domain (CARD) through which it has been shown to block the activation of some initiator caspases. Because ARC also blocks caspase-independent events associated with apoptosis, such as hypoxia-induced cytochrome c release, we examined ... More
Directed cell growth on protein-functionalized hydrogel surfaces.
AuthorsHynd MR, Frampton JP, Dowell-Mesfin N, Turner JN, Shain W
JournalJ Neurosci Methods
PubMed ID17368788
'Biochemical surface modification has been used to direct cell attachment and growth on a biocompatible gel surface. Acrylamide-based hydrogels were photo-polymerized in the presence of an acroyl-streptavidin monomer to create planar, functionalized surfaces capable of binding biotin-labelled proteins. Soft protein lithography (microcontact printing) of proteins was used to transfer the ... More
A novel approach to in situ characterization of pancreatic beta-cells.
AuthorsSpeier S, Rupnik M
JournalPflugers Arch
PubMed ID12774232
'The tissue-slice technique has enabled major insights into neural and neuroendocrine physiology. Our aim was to adapt this technique to study the function of the endocrine pancreas. The preparation combines an in situ approach, as in gland perfusion, with a resolution characteristic of electrophysiological studies on single cells. The membrane ... More
High cell sensitivity to Helicobacter pylori VacA toxin depends on a GPI-anchored protein and is not blocked by inhibition of the clathrin-mediated pathway of endocytosis.
AuthorsRicci V, Galmiche A, Doye A, Necchi V, Solcia E, Boquet P
JournalMol Biol Cell
PubMed ID11071915
'Helicobacter pylori vacuolating toxin (VacA) causes vacuolation in a variety of cultured cell lines, sensitivity to VacA differing greatly, however, among the different cell types. We found that the high sensitivity of HEp-2 cells to VacA was impaired by treating the cells with phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) which removes glycosylphosphatidylinositol ... More
Redistribution and dysfunction of integrins in cultured renal epithelial cells exposed to oxidative stress.
AuthorsGailit J, Colflesh D, Rabiner I, Simone J, Goligorsky MS
JournalAm J Physiol
PubMed ID8430825
'Tubular obstruction by detached renal tubular epithelial cells is a major cause of oliguria in acute renal failure. Viable renal tubular cells can be recovered from urine of patients with acute tubular necrosis, suggesting a possible defect in cell adhesion to the basement membrane. To study this process of epithelial ... More
Neuronal differentiation of bone marrow-derived stromal stem cells involves suppression of discordant phenotypes through gene silencing.
AuthorsEgusa H, Schweizer FE, Wang CC, Matsuka Y, Nishimura I
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID15855172
'Tissue engineering involves the construction of transplantable tissues in which bone marrow aspirates may serve as an accessible source of autogenous multipotential mesenchymal stem cells. Increasing reports indicate that the lineage restriction of adult mesenchymal stem cells may be less established than previously believed, and stem cell-based therapeutics await the ... More
Defects in the ubiquitin pathway induce caspase-independent apoptosis blocked by Bcl-2.
AuthorsMonney L, Otter I, Olivier R, Ozer HL, Haas AL, Omura S, Borner C
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID9497330
'Apoptosis requires the activation of caspases (formerly interleukin 1beta-converting enzyme-like proteases), in particular those related to the caspase-3/7/6 subfamily. Recent data, however, revealed that, although caspase-specific inhibitors delay apoptosis, they are often incapable of preventing it. To obtain evidence for caspase-independent steps of apoptosis, we artificially created a high amount ... More
Elk-1 associates with the mitochondrial permeability transition pore complex in neurons.
AuthorsBarrett LE, Van Bockstaele EJ, Sul JY, Takano H, Haydon PG, Eberwine JH
JournalProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
PubMed ID16549787
'The nuclear transcription factor E-26-like protein 1 (Elk-1) is thought to impact neuronal differentiation [Sharrocks, A. D. (2001) Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 2, 827-837], cell proliferation [Sharrocks, A. D. (2002) Biochem. Soc. Trans. 30, 1-9], tumorigenesis [Chai, Y. L., Chipitsyna, G., Cui, J., Liao, B., Liu, S., Aysola, K., ... More
Microtubule-associated protein MAP1A, MAP1B, and MAP2 proteolysis during soluble amyloid beta-peptide-induced neuronal apoptosis. Synergistic involvement of calpain and caspase-3.
AuthorsFifre A, Sponne I, Koziel V, Kriem B, Yen Potin FT, Bihain BE, Olivier JL, Oster T, Pillot T
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID16234245
'A growing body of evidence supports the notion that soluble oligomeric forms of the amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta) may be the proximate effectors of neuronal injuries and death in the early stages of Alzheimer disease. However, the molecular mechanisms associated with neuronal apoptosis induced by soluble Abeta remain to be elucidated. ... More
In vitro characterization of a bone marrow stem cell-seeded collagen gel composite for soft tissue grafts: effects of fiber number and serum concentration.
AuthorsLewus KE, Nauman EA
JournalTissue Eng
PubMed ID16144437
'Cell-seeded collagen hydrogels have been used in the engineering of many tissue types, from skin and vasculature to spinal cord. One of the primary limitations of collagen-based hydrogels for use in tissue-engineered grafts is that cells seeded within the gel cause it to contract as much as 70%. By forming ... More
Difference in volume of X- and Y-chromosome-bearing bovine sperm heads matches difference in DNA content.
Authorsvan Munster EB, Stap J, Hoebe RA, te Meerman GJ, Aten JA
JournalCytometry
PubMed ID10554167
'BACKGROUND: To investigate the possibilities of sperm head volume as a sorting criterion for gender preselection, we determined the magnitude of the difference in volume of X- and Y-chromosome-bearing bull sperm heads. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Bovine sperm heads were sorted on the basis of their DNA content in X- and ... More
Gamma-tocotrienol inhibits nuclear factor-kappaB signaling pathway through inhibition of receptor-interacting protein and TAK1 leading to suppression of antiapoptotic gene products and potentiation of apoptosis.
AuthorsAhn KS, Sethi G, Krishnan K, Aggarwal BB
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID17114179
'Unlike the tocopherols, the tocotrienols, also members of the vitamin E family, have an unsaturated isoprenoid side chain. In contrast to extensive studies on tocopherol, very little is known about tocotrienol. Because the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) pathway has a central role in tumorigenesis, we investigated the effect of gamma-tocotrienol on ... More
Pathogenic effects of D23N Iowa mutant amyloid beta -protein.
'Cerebral amyloid beta-protein angiopathy (CAA) is a key pathological feature of patients with Alzheimer's disease and certain related disorders. In these conditions the CAA is characterized by the deposition of Abeta within the cerebral vessel wall and, in severe cases, hemorrhagic stroke. Several mutations have been identified within the Abeta ... More
Controlling hydrogelation kinetics by peptide design for three-dimensional encapsulation and injectable delivery of cells.
AuthorsHaines-Butterick L, Rajagopal K, Branco M, Salick D, Rughani R, Pilarz M, Lamm MS, Pochan DJ, Schneider JP
JournalProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
PubMed ID17470802
'A peptide-based hydrogelation strategy has been developed that allows homogenous encapsulation and subsequent delivery of C3H10t1/2 mesenchymal stem cells. Structure-based peptide design afforded MAX8, a 20-residue peptide that folds and self-assembles in response to DMEM resulting in mechanically rigid hydrogels. The folding and self-assembly kinetics of MAX8 have been tuned ... More
Confocal in vivo microscopy and confocal laser-scanning fluorescence microscopy in keratoconus.
AuthorsSomodi S, Hahnel C, Slowik C, Richter A, Weiss DG, Guthoff R
JournalGer J Ophthalmol
PubMed ID9479549
'The purpose of this study was the determination of morphological changes in the corneal epithelium and the keratocyte network in keratoconus. In all, 33 eyes of 19 patients were examined in vivo using the confocal slit-scanning microscope Microphthal. After penetrating keratoplasty, recipients'' trephanates were stained with the Live/Dead kit and ... More
Role of ceramide in mitogenesis induced by exogenous sphingoid bases.
AuthorsHauser JM, Buehrer BM, Bell RM
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID8120042
'Dihydrosphingosine, an intermediate in the de novo synthesis of ceramide, induced proliferation of Swiss 3T3 cells. The proliferative effects of this lipid were much more potent than those of sphingosine, a break-down product of ceramide. The maximal proliferative response to dihydrosphingosine occurred at relatively low concentrations (1 microM), while sphingosine ... More
GGF/neuregulin is a neuronal signal that promotes the proliferation and survival and inhibits the differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitors.
'We show that GGF/neuregulin is a mitogen for prooligodendrocytes (O4+/O1- cells), oligodendrocytes (O4+/O1+ cells), and type-2 astrocytes. Heregulin beta 1, another neuregulin isoform, is also mitogenic. The proliferative effect of glial growth factor (GGF) does not require, but is greatly potentiated by, serum factors. GGF also promotes the survival of ... More
Ability of 16 priority PAHs to be photocytotoxic to a cell line from the rainbow trout gill.
'Sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were screened for their ability to be photocytotoxic to a cell line from the rainbow trout gill, RTgill-W1. PAHs could be divided into one of three groups: incapable of being photocytotoxic, able to be both photocytotoxic and directly cytotoxic, or capable of being only photocytotoxic. ... More
Real-time multi-wavelength fluorescence imaging of living cells.
AuthorsMorris SJ
JournalBiotechniques
PubMed ID2331370
'We describe a new real-time fluorescence video microscope design for capturing intensified images of cells containing dual wavelength "ratio" dyes or multiple dyes. The microscope will perform real-time capture of two separate fluorescence emission images simultaneously, improving the time resolution of spatial distribution of fluorescence to video frame rates (30 ... More
Cocaine-mediated enhancement of Tat toxicity in rat hippocampal cell cultures: the role of oxidative stress and D1 dopamine receptor.
AuthorsAksenov MY, Aksenova MV, Nath A, Ray PD, Mactutus CF, Booze RM
JournalNeurotoxicology
PubMed ID16386305
'It is becoming widely accepted that psychoactive drugs can significantly alter the progression of neuropathological changes in the HIV-infected brain. The use of cocaine can aggravate the neurotoxic effects of HIV-1 proteins such as HIV-1 transactivating protein Tat and virus'' envelope protein gp120. HIV-1 Tat is believed to play an ... More
Tau is essential to beta -amyloid-induced neurotoxicity.
AuthorsRapoport M, Dawson HN, Binder LI, Vitek MP, Ferreira A,
JournalProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
PubMed ID11959919
'Senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, the two hallmark lesions of Alzheimer''s disease, are the results of the pathological deposition of proteins normally present throughout the brain. Senile plaques are extracellular deposits of fibrillar beta-amyloid peptide (Abeta); neurofibrillary tangles represent intracellular bundles of self-assembled hyperphosphorylated tau proteins. Although these two lesions ... More
The use of N-t-butyl hydroxylamine for radioprotection in cultured cells and mice.
AuthorsLee JH, Kim IS, Park JW,
JournalCarcinogenesis
PubMed ID15016661
'Exposure of cells to ionizing radiation leads to formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are associated with radiation-induced cytotoxicity. Therefore, compounds that scavenge ROS may confer radioprotective effects. Recently, it has been shown that the decomposition product of the spin-trapping agent alpha-phenyl-N-t-butylnitrone (PBN), N-t-butyl hydroxylamine (NtBHA), mimics PBN and ... More
Trypan blue not toxic for retinal pigment epithelium in vitro.
AuthorsStalmans P, Van Aken EH, Melles G, Veckeneer M, Feron EJ, Stalmans I
JournalAm J Ophthalmol
PubMed ID12566035
'PURPOSE: To investigate whether trypan blue has a toxic effect on cultured retinal pigment epithelial (retinal pigment epithelium) cells. DESIGN: Experimental study with a direct live/dead cell staining technique using fluorescent dyes. METHODS: Cultured human retinal pigment epithelium cells were exposed for 5 minutes to various concentrations of trypan blue ... More
Different activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase and Akt signaling is associated with aggressive phenotype of human meningiomas.
'PURPOSE: Activation of intracellular signaling cascades has been implicated in the growth control of benign meningiomas, but their role for meningioma progression and outcome is unknown. Here we determined the expression and function of proteins involved in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling in benign, atypical, and ... More
Cytotoxic effect of beta-amyloid on a human differentiated neuron is not mediated by cytoplasmic Ca2+ accumulation.
AuthorsGao ZY, Collins HW, Matschinsky FM, Lee VM, Wolf BA
JournalJ Neurochem
PubMed ID9523555
'The effects of synthetic beta-amyloid (A beta1-42) on cell viability and cellular Ca2+ homeostasis have been studied in the human neuron-like NT2N cell, which differentiates from a teratocarcinoma cell line, NTera2/C1.D1, by retinoic acid treatment. NT2N viability was measured using morphological criteria and fluorescent live/dead staining and quantified using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium ... More
Synthesis and characterization of a novel degradable phosphate-containing hydrogel.
AuthorsWang DA, Williams CG, Li Q, Sharma B, Elisseeff JH
JournalBiomaterials
PubMed ID12834592
'A phosphate-containing and photocrosslinkable polymer, poly(ethylene glycol) di-[ethyl phosphatidyl (ethylene glycol) methacrylate], "PhosPEG-dMA", was synthesized. As a water-soluble macromer, PhosPEG-dMA is suitable for in situ injection and cell-encapsulation by light-induced gelation to produce a novel biocompatible and biodegradable hydrogel for application to cartilage and bone tissue engineering. 1H-NMR, MALDI-TOF mass ... More
Imaging proteolysis by living human glioma cells.
AuthorsSameni M, Dosescu J, Sloane BF
JournalBiol Chem
PubMed ID11517931
'Degradation of basement membrane is an essential step for tumor invasion. In order to study degradation in real time as well as localize the site of proteolysis, we have established an assay with living human cancer cells in which we image cleavage of quenched-fluorescent basement membrane type IV collagen (DQ-collagen ... More
Local endostatin treatment of gliomas administered by microencapsulated producer cells.
AuthorsRead TA, Sorensen DR, Mahesparan R, Enger PO, Timpl R, Olsen BR, Hjelstuen MH, Haraldseth O, Bjerkvig R
JournalNat Biotechnol
PubMed ID11135548
'We describe a technique for the treatment of malignant brain tumors based on local delivery of the anti-angiogenic protein endostatin from genetically engineered cells encapsulated in ultrapure sodium alginate. Alginate consists of L-guluronic and D-mannuronic acid, which in the presence of divalent cations forms an extended gel network, in which ... More
In vitro pharmacology of cryptophycin 52 (LY355703) in human tumor cell lines.
AuthorsWagner MM, Paul DC, Shih C, Jordan MA, Wilson L, Williams DC
JournalCancer Chemother Pharmacol
PubMed ID9923816
'PURPOSE: Cryptophycin 52 (LY355703) is a new member of the cryptophycin family of antitumor agents that is currently undergoing clinical evaluation for cancer chemotherapy. The mechanism of action of the cryptophycin class of compounds is associated with an action on microtubules. This report details the pharmacological profile of this new ... More
Co-extrusion of biocompatible polymers for scaffolds with co-continuous morphology.
AuthorsWashburn NR, Simon CG, Tona A, Elgendy HM, Karim A, Amis EJ
JournalJ Biomed Mater Res
PubMed ID11835155
'A methodology for the preparation of porous scaffolds for tissue engineering using co-extrusion is presented. Poly(epsilon-caprolactone) is blended with poly(ethylene oxide) in a twinscrew extruder to form a two-phase material with micron-sized domains. Selective dissolution of the poly(ethylene oxide) with water results in a porous material. A range of blend ... More
Constitutive expression of the machinery for programmed cell death.
AuthorsWeil M, Jacobson MD, Coles HS, Davies TJ, Gardner RL, Raff KD, Raff MC
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID8655578
'In the presence of cycloheximide (CHX) to inhibit protein synthesis, a high concentration of staurosporine (STS) induces almost all cells in explant cultures of 8/8 types of newborn mouse organs and 3/3 types of adult mouse organs to die with the characteristic features of apoptosis. Eggs and blastomeres also die ... More
Morphine does not affect astrocyte survival in developing primary mixed-glial cultures.
AuthorsGurwell JA, Hauser KF
JournalBrain Res Dev Brain Res
PubMed ID8149599
'In mixed-glial cultures, high concentrations of morphine (1 microM) have previously been shown to completely inhibit any increase in glial numbers, although DNA synthesis continues in flat, polyhedral astrocytes (type 1 astrocytes). This suggests that high concentrations of morphine are toxic to glia. Morphine toxicity was assessed in mixed-glial cultures ... More
Measurement of tumor necrosis factor activity by flow cytometry.
AuthorsLévesque A, Paquet A, Pagé M
JournalCytometry
PubMed ID7664628
'Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is a monokine of 17 kDa produced by activated macrophages and various cells involved in the immune system. We propose a new method for the measurement of TNF activity using flow cytometry. After an incubation with TNF, L929 cells were harvested and treated with a calcein-AM ... More
Quantification of effector/target conjugation involving natural killer (NK) or lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells by two-color flow cytometry.
'Precise estimates of the frequency of NK- and LAK-target conjugates were obtained by two-color flow cytometry using hydroethidine and calcein as intracellular labels for target cells and effector cells, respectively. These two dyes can easily be used with a standard single-laser flow cytometer with excellent signal separation and dye retention. ... More
Nucleoplasmic Ca(2+)loading is regulated by mobilization of perinuclear Ca(2+).
AuthorsAbrenica B, Gilchrist JS
JournalCell Calcium
PubMed ID10970769
'Regulation of nucleoplasmic calcium (Ca(2+)) concentration may occur by the mobilization of perinuclear luminal Ca(2+)pools involving specific Ca(2+)pumps and channels of both inner and outer perinuclear membranes. To determine the role of perinuclear luminal Ca(2+), we examined freshly cultured 10 day-old embryonic chick ventricular cardiomyocytes. We obtained evidence suggesting the ... More
Apoptosis-inducing factor is involved in the regulation of caspase-independent neuronal cell death.
'Caspase-independent death mechanisms have been shown to execute apoptosis in many types of neuronal injury. P53 has been identified as a key regulator of neuronal cell death after acute injury such as DNA damage, ischemia, and excitotoxicity. Here, we demonstrate that p53 can induce neuronal cell death via a caspase-mediated ... More
Vital staining of the hearing organ: visualization of cellular structure with confocal microscopy.
AuthorsFlock A, Scarfone E, Ulfendahl M
JournalNeuroscience
PubMed ID9466411
'Cells inside the intact organ of Corti were labelled with fluorescent probes reflecting various aspects of structure and function. The dyes were introduced into the perilymphatic space by perfusion of the scala tympani of the temporal bone from the guinea-pig maintained in isolation. The dyes were able to diffuse through ... More
Astrocyte Na+ channels are required for maintenance of Na+/K(+)-ATPase activity.
AuthorsSontheimer H, Fernandez-Marques E, Ullrich N, Pappas CA, Waxman SG
JournalJ Neurosci
PubMed ID8182422
'Astrocytes in vitro and in situ have been shown to express voltage-activated ion channels previously thought to be restricted to excitable cells, including voltage-activated Na+, Ca2+, and K+ channels. However, unlike neurons, astrocytes do not generate action potentials, and the functional role of voltage-activated channels in astrocytes has been an ... More
A fluorescence confocal assay to assess neuronal viability in brain slices.
AuthorsMonette R, Small DL, Mealing G, Morley P
JournalBrain Res Brain Res Protoc
PubMed ID9473610
'Hippocampal slice models are used to study the mechanisms of ischemia-induced neurotoxicity and to assess the neuroprotective potential of novel therapeutic agents. A number of morphological and functional endpoints are available to assess neuronal viability. The slice model also allows the study of selectively vulnerable neuronal populations within the same ... More
Fluorescence microscopy and three-dimensional imaging of the porcine corneal keratocyte network.
'BACKGROUND: Little is known about the spatial arrangement and the corresponding morphometric data describing the living keratocyte network. For determination of alterations in corneal diseases it is crucial to know the morphology of the keratocyte network in the healthy state. Porcine cornea was used as a model tissue because it ... More
Diffusible, nonfibrillar ligands derived from Abeta1-42 are potent central nervous system neurotoxins.
AuthorsLambert MP, Barlow AK, Chromy BA, Edwards C, Freed R, Liosatos M, Morgan TE, Rozovsky I, Trommer B, Viola KL, Wals P, Zhang C, Finch CE, Krafft GA, Klein WL,
JournalProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
PubMed ID9600986
'Abeta1-42 is a self-associating peptide whose neurotoxic derivatives are thought to play a role in Alzheimer''s pathogenesis. Neurotoxicity of amyloid beta protein (Abeta) has been attributed to its fibrillar forms, but experiments presented here characterize neurotoxins that assemble when fibril formation is inhibited. These neurotoxins comprise small diffusible Abeta oligomers ... More
Tissue engineering of vascularized cardiac muscle from human embryonic stem cells.
AuthorsCaspi O, Lesman A, Basevitch Y, Gepstein A, Arbel G, Habib IH, Gepstein L, Levenberg S
JournalCirc Res
PubMed ID17218605
'Transplantation of a tissue-engineered heart muscle represents a novel experimental therapeutic paradigm for myocardial diseases. However, this strategy has been hampered by the lack of sources for human cardiomyocytes and by the scarce vasculature in the ischemic area limiting the engraftment and survival of the transplanted muscle. Beyond the necessity ... More
Equilibrium and kinetic measurements of muscarinic receptor antagonism on living cells using bead injection spectroscopy.
AuthorsHodder PS, Beeson C, Ruzicka J
JournalAnal Chem
PubMed ID10939374
'Bead injection spectroscopy (BIS) techniques are introduced for automated measurement of pharmacological antagonism by functional assay. Chinese hamster ovary cells that express the rat type 1 muscarinic receptor are cultured on microbeads and used as a renewable biological target for muscarinic receptor antagonist ligands. A flow injection instrument is used ... More
Apoptosis and accidental cell death in cultured human keratinocytes after thermal injury.
'The respective roles of apoptosis and accidental cell death after thermal injury were evaluated in normal human epidermal keratinocytes. By coupling the LIVE/DEAD fluorescence viability assay with the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) method and ultrastructural morphology, these two processes could be distinguished. Cells were grown on glass ... More
S100beta induces neuronal cell death through nitric oxide release from astrocytes.
AuthorsHu J, Ferreira A, Van Eldik LJ
JournalJ Neurochem
PubMed ID9375660
'The glial-derived neurotrophic protein S100beta has been implicated in the development and maintenance of the nervous system. S100beta has also been postulated to play a role in mechanisms of neuropathology because of its specific localization and selective overexpression in Alzheimer''s disease. However, the exact relationship between S100beta overexpression and neurodegeneration ... More
Death of oligodendrocytes mediated by the interaction of nerve growth factor with its receptor p75.
AuthorsCasaccia-Bonnefil P, Carter BD, Dobrowsky RT, Chao MV
JournalNature
PubMed ID8878481
'Members of the nerve growth factor (NGF) family promote the survival of neurons during development. NGF specifically activates the receptor trkA, initiating a signal transduction cascade which ultimately blocks cell death. Here we show that NGF can have the opposite effect, inducing the death of mature oligodendrocytes cultured from postnatal ... More
Uptake, degradation, and release of fibrillar and soluble forms of Alzheimer's amyloid beta-peptide by microglial cells.
AuthorsChung H, Brazil MI, Soe TT, Maxfield FR
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID10542270
'Microglia are phagocytic cells that are the main inflammatory response cells of the central nervous system. In Alzheimer''s disease brain, activated microglia are concentrated in regions of compact amyloid deposits that contain the 39-43-amino acid Abeta peptide. We examined the uptake, degradation, and release of small aggregates of fibrillar Abeta ... More
Staurosporine-induced activation of caspase-3 is potentiated by presenilin 1 familial Alzheimer's disease mutations in human neuroglioma cells.
AuthorsKovacs DM, Mancini R, Henderson J, Na SJ, Schmidt SD, Kim TW, Tanzi RE
JournalJ Neurochem
PubMed ID10582585
'Familial Alzheimer''s disease (FAD) mutant forms of presenilin 1 (PS1) and 2 have been shown to sensitize cells to apoptotic cell death. Here we explore the effects of FAD mutant forms of PS1 on caspase activation during apoptosis. We show that caspase activation leads to increased generation of alternative C-terminal ... More
Cell damage by near-IR microbeams.
AuthorsKönig K, Liang H, Berns MW, Tromberg BJ
JournalNature
PubMed ID7659153
Evaluation of quantum dot cytotoxicity based on intracellular uptake.
AuthorsChang E, Thekkek N, Yu WW, Colvin VL, Drezek R
JournalSmall
PubMed ID17192996
A novel, simple organotypic culture method to study the organ of Corti from the neonatal gerbil.
AuthorsLiu TC, He DZ, Lin X
JournalORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec
PubMed ID9411319
'An original, simple organotypic culture method was developed to grow the organ of Corti from the neonatal gerbil on the bottom of a Petri dish. In comparison with the commonly used Maximov slide assembly method, this method is easier, less time-consuming, and more economic. Our results in this study using ... More
The keratocyte network of human cornea: a three-dimensional study using confocal laser scanning fluorescence microscopy.
AuthorsHahnel C, Somodi S, Weiss DG, Guthoff RF
JournalCornea
PubMed ID10746451
'PURPOSE: Keratocytes of the living human cornea were examined to compare quantitatively spatial arrangement and cell volume of the stromal layers. This knowledge is required for further studies toward a quantitative understanding of cellular alterations in corneal pathology. METHODS: Three human corneas were stained with calcein AM and ethidium homodimer ... More
Reduction in the E2k subunit of the alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex has effects independent of complex activity.
AuthorsShi Q, Chen HL, Xu H, Gibson GE
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID15649899
'The activity of the alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (KGDHC) declines in brains of patients with several neurodegenerative diseases. KGDHC consists of multiple copies of E1k, E2k, and E3. E1k and E2k are unique to KGDHC and may have functions independent of the complex. The present study tested the consequences of different ... More
ATP depletion affects the phosphorylation state, ligand binding, and nuclear transport of the 4 S polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-binding protein in rat hepatoma cells.
AuthorsBhat R, Weaver JA, Wagner C, Bodwell JE, Bresnick E
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID8955080
'In the rat, cytochrome P4501A1 gene expression is thought to be regulated by several trans-acting factors including the 4 S polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-binding protein. Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation have been suggested to influence the function of many cytosolic receptors and transcription factors. The ATP level within H4IIE rat hepatoma cells ... More
Exposure to cell phone radiation up-regulates apoptosis genes in primary cultures of neurons and astrocytes.
AuthorsZhao TY, Zou SP, Knapp PE
JournalNeurosci Lett
PubMed ID17187929
'The health effects of cell phone radiation exposure are a growing public concern. This study investigated whether expression of genes related to cell death pathways are dysregulated in primary cultured neurons and astrocytes by exposure to a working Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) cell phone rated at a frequency ... More
L-selectin signaling of neutrophil adhesion and degranulation involves p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase.
AuthorsSmolen JE, Petersen TK, Koch C, O'Keefe SJ, Hanlon WA, Seo S, Pearson D, Fossett MC, Simon SI
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID10748078
'The adhesion molecules known as selectins mediate the capture of neutrophils from the bloodstream. We have previously reported that ligation and cross-linking of L-selectin on the neutrophil surface enhances the adhesive function of beta(2)-integrins in a synergistic manner with chemotactic agonists. In this work, we examined degranulation and adhesion of ... More
[Visualization of keratocytes in the human cornea with fluorescence microscopy]
AuthorsSomodi S, Guthoff R
JournalOphthalmologe
PubMed ID7549328
'There is little information about the state of human keratocytes in longterm cornea storage and the influence of these cells on the survival of the corneal transplant after keratoplasty. Up to now stromal keratocytes have not been taken into consideration in regard to the culture conditions in cornea banking. Therefore, ... More
Viability of human corneal endothelium following Optisol-GS storage.
AuthorsMeans TL, Geroski DH, Hadley A, Lynn MJ, Edelhauser HF
JournalArch Ophthalmol
PubMed ID7786224
'OBJECTIVES: To evaluate endothelial viability of human corneas stored in glass vials and in viewing chambers (Alcon) for extended periods, and to compare endothelial viability of Optisol-GS-stored corneas with corneas excised from moist chamber-stored globes. METHODS: Endothelial viability was assessed using two staining techniques. Endothelium from stored corneas was stained ... More
Self-assembled octapeptide scaffolds for in vitro chondrocyte culture.
AuthorsMujeeb A, Saiani A, Gough JE,
JournalActa Biomater
PubMed ID22963851
'Nature has evolved a variety of creative approaches to many aspects of materials synthesis and microstructural control. Molecular self-assembly is a simple and efficient way to fabricate complex nanostructures such as hydrogels. We have recently investigated the gelation properties of a series of ionic-complementary peptides based on the alternation of ... More
Cell-intrinsic mechanism involving Siglec-5 associated with divergent outcomes of HIV-1 infection in human and chimpanzee CD4 T cells.
AuthorsSoto PC, Karris MY, Spina CA, Richman DD, Varki A,
JournalJ Mol Med (Berl)
PubMed ID22945238
'Human and chimpanzee CD4+ T cells differ markedly in expression of the inhibitory receptor Siglec-5, which contributes towards differential responses to activating stimuli. While CD4+ T cells from both species are equally susceptible to HIV-1 infection, chimpanzee cells survive better, suggesting a cell-intrinsic difference. We hypothesized that Siglec-5 expression protects ... More
Cell viability mapping within long-term heart valve organ cultures.
AuthorsAllison DD, Drazba JA, Vesely I, Kader KN, Grande-Allen KJ
JournalJ Heart Valve Dis
PubMed ID15086269
'BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY: Organ cultures maintain cells within their native microstructural environment, and thus offer greater potential for studying tissue disease and remodeling than do monolayer cell cultures or pathological examinations of diseased tissue. To validate an in-vitro heart valve organ culture model, cell viability was examined ... More
On-chip, cell-based microarray immunofluorescence assay for high-throughput analysis of target proteins.
AuthorsFernandes TG, Kwon SJ, Lee MY, Clark DS, Cabral JM, Dordick JS,
JournalAnal Chem
PubMed ID18656951
'We have developed an immunofluorescence-based assay for high-throughput analysis of target proteins on a three-dimensional cellular microarray platform. This process integrates the use of three-dimensional cellular microarrays, which should better mimic the cellular microenvironment, with sensitive immunofluorescence detection and provides quantitative information on cell function. To demonstrate this assay platform, ... More
Increased production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha by glial cells exposed to simulated ischemia or elevated hydrostatic pressure induces apoptosis in cocultured retinal ganglion cells.
AuthorsTezel G, Wax MB
JournalJ Neurosci
PubMed ID11102475
'Although glial cells in the optic nerve head undergo a reactivation process in glaucoma, the role of glial cells during glaucomatous neurodegeneration of retinal ganglion cells is unknown. Using a coculture system in which retinal ganglion cells and glial cells are grown on different layers but share the same culture ... More
Thrombin receptor activation protects neurons and astrocytes from cell death produced by environmental insults.
'Thrombin is a multifunctional serine protease that is rapidly produced from prothrombin at sites of tissue injury and catalyzes the final steps in blood coagulation. Thrombin also regulates gene expression and process outgrowth in neurons and astrocytes and stimulates proliferation of astrocytes. Since thrombin is produced immediately upon breakdown of ... More
Cyclothiazide induces robust epileptiform activity in rat hippocampal neurons both in vitro and in vivo.
AuthorsQi J, Wang Y, Jiang M, Warren P, Chen G,
JournalJ Physiol
PubMed ID16423850
'Cyclothiazide (CTZ) is a potent blocker of AMPA receptor desensitization. We have recently demonstrated that CTZ also inhibits GABA(A) receptors. Here we report that CTZ induces robust epileptiform activity in hippocampal neurons both in vitro and in vivo. We first found that chronic treatment of hippocampal cultures with CTZ (5 ... More
Transplantation of brain cells assembled around a programmable synthetic microenvironment.
AuthorsMahoney MJ, Saltzman WM
JournalNat Biotechnol
PubMed ID11581658
'Cell therapy is a promising method for treatment of hematopoietic disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, and tissue loss due to trauma. Some of the major barriers to cell therapy have been partially addressed, including identification of cell populations, in vitro cell proliferation, and strategies for immunosuppression. An unsolved problem is recapitulation ... More
Development of a comprehensive human immunodeficiency virus type 1 screening algorithm for discovery and preclinical testing of topical microbicides.
AuthorsLackman-Smith C, Osterling C, Luckenbaugh K, Mankowski M, Snyder B, Lewis G, Paull J, Profy A, Ptak RG, Buckheit RW, Watson KM, Cummins JE, Sanders-Beer BE,
JournalAntimicrob Agents Chemother
PubMed ID18316528
'Topical microbicides are self-administered, prophylactic products for protection against sexually transmitted pathogens. A large number of compounds with known anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) inhibitory activity have been proposed as candidate topical microbicides. To identify potential leads, an in vitro screening algorithm was developed to evaluate candidate microbicides in ... More
Nuclear organization studied with the help of a hypotonic shift: its use permits hydrophilic molecules to enter into living cells.
AuthorsKoberna K, Stanek D, Malínský J, Eltsov M, Pliss A, Ctrnáctá V, Cermanová S, Raska I
JournalChromosoma
PubMed ID10525969
'A new procedure for introduction of hydrophilic molecules into living cells based on efficient uptake of these molecules into the cells during hypotonic treatment is presented and its use is demonstrated by a variety of applications. Experiments with cultured vertebrate and Drosophila cells and various animal tissues demonstrated that the ... More
Mitochondrial hyperpolarization after transient oxygen-glucose deprivation and subsequent apoptosis in cultured rat hippocampal neurons.
AuthorsIijima T, Mishima T, Akagawa K, Iwao Y
JournalBrain Res
PubMed ID14642839
'Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) regulates the production of high-energy phosphate and apoptotic cascade, both occurring after ischemic impact. The timed profile of MMP differing from grading ischemic impact has to be determined. Primary rat hippocampal cultures were exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) for 30, 60, and 90 min and then ... More
Fabrication of cell-containing hydrogel microstructures inside microfluidic devices that can be used as cell-based biosensors.
AuthorsKoh WG, Pishko MV
JournalAnal Bioanal Chem
PubMed ID16847626
'This paper describes microfluidic systems containing immobilized hydrogel-encapsulated mammalian cells that can be used as cell-based biosensors. Mammalian cells were encapsulated in three-dimensional poly(ethylene glycol)(PEG) hydrogel microstructures which were photolithographically polymerized in microfluidic devices and grown under static culture conditions. The encapsulated cells remained viable for a week and were ... More
Use of fluorescent probes to investigate the metabolic state of Pneumocystis carinii mitochondria.
AuthorsChen F, Cushion MT
JournalJ Eukaryot Microbiol
PubMed ID7804275
Intercellular communication through gap junctions is reduced in senescent cells.
AuthorsXie HQ, Huang R, Hu VW
JournalBiophys J
PubMed ID1600097
Sortilin is required for toxic action of Aß oligomers (AßOs): Extracellular AßOs trigger apoptosis, and intraneuronal AßOs impair degradation pathways.
AuthorsTakamura A, Sato Y, Watabe D, Okamoto Y, Nakata T, Kawarabayashi T, Oddo S, Laferla FM, Shoji M, Matsubara E,
JournalLife Sci
PubMed ID22579764
AIMS: We investigated the pathological relevance of the
Assays for testing Pneumocystis carinii viability.
AuthorsKaneshiro ES, Wu YP, Cushion MT
JournalJ Protozool
PubMed ID1726329
A series of classical vital stains and fluorescent indicator compounds were evaluated as viability assays of P. carinii. The combination of the acetoxymethyl ester of calcein with either ethidium homodimer or propidium iodide distinguished between live, dead and moribund organisms and provided high fluorescence intensity and low bleaching enabling photodocumentation ... More
Methods for culturing primary sympathetic neurons and for determining neuronal viability.
AuthorsWhitfield J, Neame SJ, Ham J
JournalMethods Mol Biol
PubMed ID15105563
Developing nerve growth factor (NGF)-dependent sympathetic neurons are one of the best-studied in vitro models of neuronal apoptosis and have been used to identify key components of the neuronal cell death pathway. This chapter describes how to prepare purified cultures of primary sympathetic neurons and how to induce apoptosis by ... More
Intracellular trehalose improves the survival of cryopreserved mammalian cells.
AuthorsEroglu A, Russo MJ, Bieganski R, Fowler A, Cheley S, Bayley H, Toner M
JournalNat Biotechnol
PubMed ID10657121
We report that the introduction of low concentrations of intracellular trehalose can greatly improve the survival of mammalian cells during cryopreservation. Using a genetically engineered mutant of Staphylococcus aureus alpha-hemolysin to create pores in the cellular membrane, we were able to load trehalose into cells. Low concentrations (0.2 M) of ... More
Trehalose expression confers desiccation tolerance on human cells.
AuthorsGuo N, Puhlev I, Brown DR, Mansbridge J, Levine F
JournalNat Biotechnol
PubMed ID10657122
Many organisms that withstand desiccation express the disaccharide trehalose. We have now expressed the otsA and otsB genes of Escherichia coli, which encode trehalose biosynthetic enzymes, in human primary fibroblasts using a recombinant adenovirus vector. Infected cells produced increased amounts of trehalose with increasing multiplicity of infection (MOI). Human primary ... More
Adenovirus E1A represses cardiac gene transcription and reactivates DNA synthesis in ventricular myocytes, via alternative pocket protein- and p300-binding domains.
AuthorsKirshenbaum LA, Schneider MD
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID7713869
To examine the potential impact of disrupting "pocket" protein function on cardiac differentiation and growth, we introduced 12 S E1A genes into neonatal ventricular myocytes, by adenoviral gene transfer. In the absence of E1B, E1A was cytotoxic, with features typical of apoptosis. In the presence of E1B, E1A preferentially inhibited ... More
Inhibition of xenoreactive natural antibody production by retroviral gene therapy.
AuthorsBracy JL, Sachs DH, Iacomini J
JournalScience
PubMed ID9743496
The major barrier to transplantation across discordant species, such as from pig to human, is rejection mediated by xenoreactive natural antibodies (XNA) that bind the carbohydrate epitope Galalpha1-3Galbeta1-4GlcNAc-R (alphaGal) on donor tissues. This epitope is synthesized by the enzyme glucosyltransferase uridine 5'-diphosphate galactose:beta-D-galactosyl-1, 4-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminide alpha(1-3)galactosyltransferase (E.C. 2.4.1.151), or simply alphaGT. ... More
Selective differentiation of neural progenitor cells by high-epitope density nanofibers.
AuthorsSilva GA, Czeisler C, Niece KL, Beniash E, Harrington DA, Kessler JA, Stupp SI
JournalScience
PubMed ID14739465
Neural progenitor cells were encapsulated in vitro within a three-dimensional network of nanofibers formed by self-assembly of peptide amphiphile molecules. The self-assembly is triggered by mixing cell suspensions in media with dilute aqueous solutions of the molecules, and cells survive the growth of the nanofibers around them. These nanofibers were ... More
Optimal processing method to obtain four-color confocal fluorescent images of the cytoskeleton and nucleus in three-dimensional chondrocyte cultures.
AuthorsBlanc A, Tran-Khanh N, Filion D, Buschmann MD
JournalJ Histochem Cytochem
PubMed ID15933071
Tissue engineering of articular cartilage requires accurate imaging of the chondrocyte cytoskeleton. Past studies have applied various fixation and permeabilization protocols without optimization of parameters. In this study, we have examined procedures using glutaraldehyde and paraformaldehyde as fixatives and Triton X-100 and Octyl-POE as permeabilizing detergents. A four-color fluorescence confocal ... More
In vitro toxicity testing of supramolecular sensitizers for photodynamic therapy.
We report the phototoxicity of meso-tetrakis(4-sulphonatophenyl)porphine (TPPS4) and zinc metallocomplex (ZnTPPS4) sensitizers in the presence or absence of 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-beta-CD) on G361human melanoma cells. Morphological changes in cell cultures have been evaluated using inversion fluorescent microscope and image analysis. Viability of cells was determined by means of molecular probes for ... More
Activated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and Akt kinase promote survival of superior cervical neurons.
AuthorsPhilpott KL, McCarthy MJ, Klippel A, Rubin LL
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID9348296
The signaling pathways that mediate the ability of NGF to support survival of dependent neurons are not yet completely clear. However previous work has shown that the c-Jun pathway is activated after NGF withdrawal, and blocking this pathway blocks neuronal cell death. In this paper we show that over-expression in ... More
A cell-based assay for aggregation inhibitors as therapeutics of polyglutamine-repeat disease and validation in Drosophila.
AuthorsApostol BL, Kazantsev A, Raffioni S, Illes K, Pallos J, Bodai L, Slepko N, Bear JE, Gertler FB, Hersch S, Housman DE, Marsh JL, Thompson LM
JournalProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
PubMed ID12730384
The formation of polyglutamine-containing aggregates and inclusions are hallmarks of pathogenesis in Huntington's disease that can be recapitulated in model systems. Although the contribution of inclusions to pathogenesis is unclear, cell-based assays can be used to screen for chemical compounds that affect aggregation and may provide therapeutic benefit. We have ... More
Calcium channel and glutamate receptor activities regulate actin organization in salamander retinal neurons.
AuthorsCristofanilli M, Akopian A,
JournalJ Physiol
PubMed ID16777935
Intracellular Ca2+ regulates a variety of neuronal functions, including neurotransmitter release, protein phosphorylation, gene expression and synaptic plasticity. In a variety of cell types, including neurons, Ca2+ is involved in actin reorganization, resulting in either actin polymerization or depolymerization. Very little, however, is known about the relationship between Ca2+ and ... More
A synthetic matrix with independently tunable biochemistry and mechanical properties to study epithelial morphogenesis and EMT in a lung adenocarcinoma model.
AuthorsGill BJ, Gibbons DL, Roudsari LC, Saik JE, Rizvi ZH, Roybal JD, Kurie JM, West JL,
JournalCancer Res
PubMed ID22952217
Better understanding of the biophysical and biochemical cues of the tumor extracellular matrix (ECM) environment that influence metastasis may have important implications for new cancer therapeutics. Initial exploration into this question has utilized naturally-derived protein matrices which suffer from variability, poor control over matrix biochemistry, and inability to modify the ... More
Combinatorial treatment of DNA and chromatin-modifying drugs cause cell death in human and canine osteosarcoma cell lines.
Downregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) at the 14q32 locus stabilizes the expression of cMYC, thus significantly contributing to osteosarcoma (OS) pathobiology. Here, we show that downregulation of 14q32 miRNAs is epigenetically regulated. The predicted promoter regions of miRNA clusters at 14q32 locus showed no recurrent patterns of differential methylation, but Saos2 ... More
T-Cell Receptor optimized peptide skewing of the T-cell repertoire can enhance antigen targeting.
AuthorsEkeruche-Makinde J, Clement M, Cole DK, Edwards ES, Ladell K, Miles JJ, Matthews KK, Fuller A, Lloyd KA, Madura F, Dolton GM, Pentier J, Lissina A, Gostick E, Baxter TK, Baker BM, Rizkallah PJ, Price DA, Wooldridge L, Sewell AK,
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID22952231
Altered peptide antigens that enhance T-cell immunogenicity have been used to improve peptide-based vaccination for a range of diseases. Although this strategy can prime T-cell responses of greater magnitude, the efficacy of constituent T-cell clonotypes within the primed population can be poor. To overcome this limitation, we isolated a CD8+ ... More
Campylobacter jejuni inhibits the absorptive transport functions of Caco-2 cells and disrupts cellular tight junctions.
AuthorsMacCallum A, Hardy SP, Everest PH,
JournalMicrobiology
PubMed ID16000735
Caco-2 cells are models of absorptive enterocytes. The net transport of fluid from apical to basolateral surfaces results in 'domes' forming in differentiated monolayers. Here, the effect of Campylobacter jejuni on this process has been examined. C. jejuni caused no changes in short-circuit current upon infection of Caco-2 cell monolayers ... More
Effect of matrix metalloproteinases activity on outflow in perfused human organ culture.
AuthorsBradley JM, Vranka J, Colvis CM, Conger DM, Alexander JP, Fisk AS, Samples JR, Acott TS,
JournalInvest Ophthalmol Vis Sci
PubMed ID9856774
PURPOSE: To test the hypothesis that extracellular matrix turnover, mediated by the matrix metalloproteinases, modulates aqueous humor outflow facility in a human outflow model. METHODS: Matrix metalloproteinase activity was manipulated and outflow facility evaluated using perfused human anterior segment organ culture. Purified matrix metalloproteinases, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), and ... More
Autophagy in the pathogen Candida albicans.
AuthorsPalmer GE, Kelly MN, Sturtevant JE,
JournalMicrobiology
PubMed ID17185534
Autophagy is a major cellular process that facilitates the bulk degradation of eukaryotic macromolecules and organelles, through degradation within the lysosomal/vacuole compartment. This has been demonstrated to influence a diverse array of eukaryotic cell functions including adaptation, differentiation and developmental programmes. For example, in Saccharomyces cerevisiae autophagy is required for ... More
Regional variations in the glial influence on synapse development in the mouse CNS.
AuthorsSteinmetz CC, Buard I, Claudepierre T, Nägler K, Pfrieger FW,
JournalJ Physiol
PubMed ID16959855
There is increasing evidence that synapse function depends on interactions with glial cells, namely astrocytes. Studies on specific neurons of the central nervous system (CNS) indicated that glial signals also control synapse development, but it remained unclear whether this is a general principle that applies to other neuronal cell types. ... More
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor expression and activity in cerebellar granule neuroblasts: implications for development and dioxin neurotoxicity.
AuthorsWilliamson MA, Gasiewicz TA, Opanashuk LA,
JournalToxicol Sci
PubMed ID15537747
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a potent teratogen that produces neurobehavioral abnormalities associated with both cognitive and locomotor systems, yet the precise regional and cellular targets of developmental neurotoxicity remain largely unknown. Most, if not all, TCDD-induced pathology is mediated via binding to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a ligand-activated transcription factor ... More