Probenecid, Water Soluble

Citations & References (21)

Invitrogen™

Probenecid, Water Soluble

Probenecid is commonly used to inhibit organic-anion transporters located in the cell membrane. Such transporters can extrude dyes and indicatorsRead more

Catalog Number	Quantity
P36400	10 x 77 mg

Catalog number P36400

Price (CNY)

4,688.00

Add to cart

Quantity:

10 x 77 mg

Price (CNY)

4,688.00

Add to cart

Probenecid is commonly used to inhibit organic-anion transporters located in the cell membrane. Such transporters can extrude dyes and indicators and thus contribute to poor loading or a high background signal in assays based on retention of the dyes or indicators inside cells. The use of probenecid to block the efflux of intracellular dyes was first described by Di Virgilio et al. (1990), and it has been used with a wide range of anionic dyes and conjugates. The commonly used free acid form of probenecid is difficult to dissolve, requiring 1 M NaOH to get it into solution. Our water-soluble probenecid (P36400) dissolves quickly in assay buffer and eliminates the need to handle caustic NaOH. The water-soluble probenecid is included in the Fluo-4 NW Calcium Assay Kits (F36205, F36206) and is also available separately.

Learn more about ion indicators including calcium, potassium, pH, and membrane potential indicators ›

For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures.

Specifications

Quantity10 x 77 mg

Recommended StorageStore at Room Temperature

Shipping ConditionRoom Temperature

Physical FormSolid

Product TypeCell Labeling Reagent

Unit SizeEach

Frequently asked questions (FAQs)

I am doing calcium flux imaging with your Fura-2 calibration kit, but am seeing a large variability in ratio in different places around the slide. I am correcting for uniform illumination, using the product as directed, and sealing the coverslip with nail polish.

The nail polish may be the problem. The K_d value (calcium sensitivity) changes depending upon the dye's environment. Nail polish has solvents that can leech under the coverslip and cause variability. We recommend either going without a sealing or sealing with melted paraffin painted on the coverslip edges with a cotton-tipped applicator (paraffin is hydrophobic and has no solvents).

Find additional tips, troubleshooting help, and resources within our Cell Analysis Support Center.

I need to label cells with Fluo-4, AM, for a calcium flux assay. How long after labeling will the dye be retained?

After loading dye into the cells, intracellular esterases remove the 'AM' moiety from the dye. When the 'AM' group is removed, the dye is able to bind calcium and fluoresce. Since the dye is not covalently bound to any cellular components, it may be actively effluxed from the cell. The rate of efflux is dependent upon the inherent properties of the cell, culture conditions and other factors. The dye may be retained for hours, days or even weeks or lost in a matter of minutes. The use of Probenecid (Cat. No. P36400) limits loss by active efflux.

Find additional tips, troubleshooting help, and resources within our Cell Analysis Support Center.

Citations & References (21)

Citations & References

Abstract

The Ste20 kinases Ste20-related proline-alanine-rich kinase and oxidative-stress response 1 regulate NKCC1 function in sensory neurons.

Authors:Geng Y, Hoke A, Delpire E,

Journal:J Biol Chem

PubMed ID:19307180

'NKCC1 is highly expressed in dorsal root ganglion neurons, where it is involved in gating sensory information. In a recent study, it was shown that peripheral nerve injury results in increased NKCC1 activity, not due to an increase in cotransporter expression, but to increased phosphorylation of the cotransporter (Pieraut, S., ... More

A novel initiation mechanism of death in Streptococcus pneumoniae induced by the human milk protein-lipid complex HAMLET and activated during physiological death.

Authors:Clementi EA, Marks LR, Duffey ME, Hakansson AP,

Journal:J Biol Chem

PubMed ID:22700972

'To cause colonization or infection, most bacteria grow in biofilms where differentiation and death of subpopulations is critical for optimal survival of the whole population. However, little is known about initiation of bacterial death under physiological conditions. Membrane depolarization has been suggested, but never shown to be involved, due to ... More

Inhibition of Fura-2 sequestration and secretion with organic anion transport blockers.

Authors:Di Virgilio F, Steinberg TH, Silverstein SC

Journal:Cell Calcium

PubMed ID:2191781

Fura-2 is widely used to measure the concentration of cytosolic free calcium, but in many cells the dye does not remain localized within the cytoplasmic matrix. In these cells, Fura-2 is sequestered within intracellular organelles, secreted into the extracellular medium, or both. We have found that, in mouse peritoneal macrophages, ... More

Genetic divergence of rotavirus nonstructural protein 4 results in distinct serogroup-specific viroporin activity and intracellular punctate structure morphologies.

Authors:Hyser JM, Utama B, Crawford SE, Estes MK,

Journal:J Virol

PubMed ID:22357281

Nonstructural protein 4 (NSP4) viroporin activity is critical for the replication and assembly of serogroup A rotavirus (RVA); however, the dramatic primary sequence divergence of NSP4s across serogroups raises the possibility that viroporin activity is not a common feature among RVs. We tested for NSP4 viroporin activity from divergent strains, ... More

Cell-based potassium ion channel screening using the FluxOR assay.

Authors:Beacham DW, Blackmer T, O' Grady M, Hanson GT,

Journal:J Biomol Screen

PubMed ID:20208034

FluxOR technology is a cell-based assay used for high-throughput screening measurements of potassium channel activity. Using thallium influx as a surrogate indicator of potassium ion channel activity, the FluxOR Potassium Ion Channel Assay is based on the activation of a novel fluorescent dye. This indicator reports channel activity with a ... More

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