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Cell proliferation is the process by which a cell divides and makes a copy of itself. Many signaling molecules, especially growth factors, have to impact the cell cycle in order for proliferation to successfully proceed. It is a process most active during development, and involves numerous pathways, including the AKT signaling and the TNF superfamily pathways.
AKT is a serine/threonine kinase that is involved in mediating various biological responses, such as inhibition of apoptosis.
Members of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta family play an important role in the development, homeostasis, and repair of most tissues.
The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily consists of 19 members that signal through 29 receptors that are members of the TNF receptor (TNFR) superfamily.
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